醋酸可的松对神经分泌影响的超微结构研究

本研究将大剂量醋酸可的松(25mg/d)注射于大白鼠肌内,并于不同用药次数后,分别取垂体神经部以戊二醛固定,常规包埋,超薄切片和染色,在电镜下观察垂体神经部的超微结构变化。发现用药后垂体神经部神经分泌纤维及其末梢呈现膨胀;分泌颗粒滞留;透明小泡增多。随着剂量加大,神经分泌颗粒外溢、神经纤维变性、质膜溶解。垂体细胞出现活跃的吞噬现象。退变的神经分泌纤维被垂体细胞包卷,分泌颗粒被吞噬。我们认为大剂量可的松对视上核和室旁核神经分泌细胞有明显的抑制作用。本文还就可的松抑制神经分泌的机理、垂体细胞与各种细胞器之间的关系作了讨论。     

激光照射豚鼠皮肤的形态学改变

<正> 用CO_2激光照豚鼠背部皮肤,右侧为照射区,左侧非照区;在照射前三周取左,右侧皮片,照射20次及40次后分别切取左,右侧皮片。固定于Bouin液,常规制片,分别作H.E及Weigert弹性纤维染色。电镜材料用0.25%戊二醛固定,锇酸后固定,Epon812包埋,超薄切片,醋酸铀     

疼痛对垂体细胞作用的电镜观察

垂体细胞(Pituicytes)是神经垂体内一种特殊分化的神经胶质。多分布在神经叶、漏斗柄及正中隆起。它与丘脑下部-垂体束的神经分泌纤维有密切关系。常见垂体细胞的突起包绕小型神经分泌纤维。有时其胞浆内显示吞噬退化的神经末梢。近来发现,垂体细胞可与神经分泌纤维形成突触。Kiernan认为,垂体细胞可释放激动剂,能促进神经分泌纤维的新生及神经分泌粒的成熟。Hansh报道,垂体细胞可合成和分泌γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)。GABA可与神经分泌纤维膜上的受体结合而发挥作用。GABA为一种抑制性神经递质,可     

人胚胎期胰腺的形态学研究

本研究收集胎龄5～41周的人胚胎53例,取胰腺,Bouin液固定,按常规制石蜡切片。部分切片经阿利新蓝-焰红、硝酸银-醛复红-铅苏木精等方法染色,部分切片作免疫组织化学PAP反应,观察胰岛A、B和D细胞。取不同胎龄的胰尾组织14例,戊二醛固定,Epon812包埋,透射电镜观察。本文的结果表明,胰腺内分泌部主要是由胰管2级以下分支的管壁上皮细胞,向周围的间充质内增生和分化而成。胎龄12周时,即可在光镜下辨认A、B及D细胞;电镜下观察,胰腺外分泌细胞在胎龄14周以后,才能见到分泌颗粒,证明胰岛细胞的分化早于外分泌细胞。测量16～36周胎儿胰腺内胰岛所占的比例,证明胚胎期胰腺内分泌部所占比例远高于成年人。本实验为临床使用人胎胰岛移植提供了参考资料。     

鸡胚巨噬细胞AcP酶变化与调亡细胞的分解

<正> 本研究采用电镜酶细胞化学的方法观察了不同胚龄以及经诱导调亡处理后鸡胚脾脏巨噬细胞溶酶体AcP酶的变化情况.取10天、13在、17天鸡胚脾脏,按Comori法显示ACP酶.不同胚龄脾脏巨噬细胞AcP酶细胞化学染色阳性者做溶酶体计数.结果显示:随着胚龄的增加溶酶体数随之增加,所得数据经统计分析表明各胚龄问溶酶体数的差异有统计学意义.将15天胚龄鸡胚用放线菌酮处理诱导凋亡,按同样方法显示AcP酶.对照组酶反应强度较弱,凋亡组可见巨噬细胞的     

巢蛋白在垂体和垂体腺瘤中表达的研究进展

巢蛋白(nestin)是第Ⅵ类中间丝蛋白,主要在胚胎期神经前体细胞和神经干细胞一过性表达。在正常细胞演变成肿瘤细胞过程中,巢蛋白又呈现返祖性表达。近年来研究发现nestin阳性细胞散在的分布于垂体的前叶、中间部和神经部。但这些nestin阳性细胞是否包括了垂体前体细胞还不清楚。在垂体腺瘤的部分毛细血管内皮细胞中也检测到nestin的表达,推测它可作为垂体血管发生的一种检测指标。     

电针对创伤性休克大鼠垂体后叶神经分泌的组织化学初步观察

<正> 文章报导电针在抗创伤性休克过程中对垂体后叶神经分泌的影响。60只雄性大鼠随机分三组,正常对照组不作任何处理,创伤性休克组和电针组均造成创伤性休克模型,电针组再电针“人中”、“承浆”穴半小时。三组均取垂体于Bouin液固定,常规脱水、包埋和切片,Gomori醛复红(AF)染色法示垂体后叶神经分泌。显微分光光度     

缺氧对大鼠脑毛细血管内皮细胞超微结构的影响

<正>本实验研究选用出生并生长在西安(海拨397M)、经标化的雄性Wistar大鼠20只,随机分为二组,一组(对照组)在出生地取材,另外一组(缺氧组)急进入高原医学实验站(当地海拨3700M),用原居住地饲料喂养存活四周.经麻醉、生理盐水、戊二醛磷酸缓冲液灌注固定,开颅取脑,再用戊二醛固定,取顶叶2、3区皮质,切成组织块,每只动物取3块,锇酸固定,常规脱水包理.经超薄切片机切片,醋酸铀和枸橼酸铅双染后,在电镜     

糖皮质激素对内分泌器官的广泛影响

目的：探讨大剂量糖皮质激素（Glucocorticoid,GC)对多种内分泌器官的影响,为临床减轻GC的副作用提供一些依据。方法：以大量醋酸可的松对大鼠进行注射,取其垂体、肾上腺、甲状腺、睾丸进行电镜样品制备及观察。结果：大量醋酸可的松可引起大鼠垂体、肾上腺、甲状腺、睾丸细胞内质网扩张,线粒体肿胀、空泡化,核固缩,细胞萎缩,脂滴分布的改变等超微结构的损伤。结论：大剂量GC对内分泌系统具有广泛的影响。     

大白鼠颈丛皮神经对脊髓胶状质投射的节段及区域定位—ACP法研究

本实验按照超节溃变机理,切除颈丛皮神经5～9天后,利用Gomori酸性磷酸酶改良法(AcP法),研究颈丛皮神经纤维对脊髓胶状质的节段(纵向)和区域(横向)投射。结果如下:1.切除耳大、枕小神经,见投射到脊髓C_1～C_4节段,AcP最大消失区在C_2及C_3节段胶状质的中外侧部,分两处存在,在C_3上段占41.5％±4.7。2.切除颈前皮神经,见投射到脊髓C_2～C_5节段。AcP最大消失区在C_3及C_4节段胶状质的中外侧部,在C_3中段占46.3％±4.98。3.切除锁骨上神经,见投射到脊髓C_1～C_5节段,AcP最大消失区在C_3及C_4节段胶状质的中外侧部,在C_3下段占40.0％±7.74。     

量子点体外对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞细胞化学的影响

目的 探讨量子点(QDs)体外对巨噬细胞细胞化学及酶活性的影响.方法 用倒置相差显微镜、荧光显微镜、细胞化学方法,在细胞水平观察QDs对巨噬细胞的生物相容性及对PAS反应、Feulgen反应、ATP酶、酸性磷酸酶(AcP)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、α-醋酸萘酚酯酶(ANAE)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性的影响.结果 3.125mg/L剂量的QDs对巨噬细胞的结构没有影响,但细胞内的细胞化学及酶活性发生了不同的变化,即PAS反应、Feulgen反应、AcP、ALP、ANAE和Mg2 -ATP酶表现为阳性,而SDH、LDH则为阴性.阳性结果中,Feulgen反应、ANAE、ALP和Mg2 -ATP组中QDs组与空白组比较,有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而PAS反应、AcP组中QDs组与空白组比较,无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 在细胞学水平上,QDs虽然可以使巨噬细胞内的某些酶发生变化,但不影响其结构及吞噬功能.3.125mg/L剂量的QDs可以很好地应用于生物医学领域标记活细胞,对细胞没有明显的影响.     

白细胞介素2和黄芪多糖对小鼠NK细胞作用的细胞化学和超微结构观察

本文报道在白细胞介素2(IL-2)及黄芪多糖(PA)作用下,小鼠NK细胞的细胞化学和超微结构变化。实验表明,NK细胞酸性磷酸酶、酸性醋酸酯酶及氯醋酸AS-D酯酶均为阳性。经IL-2和PA的处理,前两种酶的活性增加,阳性细胞百分率增高,并与NK活性相关。IL-2培养后的NK细胞超微结构表现为胞体变大,表面不规则,胞质丰富,细胞器增多等特点。     

Enzyme histochemistry in plastic-embedded sections of normal and diseased kidneys

Interest in the role of mononuclear phagocytes in glomerulonephritis (GN) and in defining markers of renal neoplasms led the authors to study alpha-naphthyl acetate/butyrate esterase (ANAE/ANBE), alkaline phosphatase (AlkP), acid phosphatase (AcP), 5'-nucleotidase (5'N), and ATPase (ATP) activity in paraformaldehyde-fixed, plastic-embedded renal tissue from patients with a variety of pathologic conditions. These conditions included GN, renal tumors, and transplant rejection. Enzymatic staining for ANAE, ANBE, AcP, AlkP, and ATP was generally confined to tubules and collecting ducts in normal kidney. Nine of 10 cases of renal carcinoma had weakly to strongly positive reactions with AlkP, AcP, and ANAE; 9 of 10 cases of Wilms' tumor showed weakly positive reactions with AcP and ANAE, particularly in tubular structures. Severely damaged kidney allografts showed surprising retention of normal histochemical features. In all cases 5'N stained both glomerular capillaries and interstitial vasculature; ATPase and AlkP stained interstitial vessels only. Plastic embedding provides superb preservation of both microscopic anatomy and enzymatic activity, which may allow utilization of enzyme histochemistry for diagnostic and research purposes.     

神经垂体内儿茶酚胺能神经与肽能神经相互关系的电镜研究

为了探明神经垂体内神经激素释放的调节机制,本文采用免疫组织化学和化学损毁相结合的方法,在电镜水平分别显示神经垂体内的后叶加压素(VP)能神经和儿茶酚胺(CA)能神经,观察它们的分布和相互关系。结果发现:大鼠神经垂体内不仅有广泛的VP神经终末分布,而且存在着因6-OHDA损毁所致溃变的CA能神经终末。CA能神经终末与垂体细胞和小胶质细胞之间存在着密切关系,甚至可建立突触样连接。CA能终扣与VP能终扣可建立轴-轴突触。在这种情况下,含CA的神经终末为突触前成分,含VP的神经终末为突触后成分。上述结果为神经垂体内神经激素释放的调节机制首次提供了超微结构证据。     

神经垂体内5-羟色胺的免疫电镜研究

本文用免疫电镜方法研究了大鼠神经垂体内5-HT的超微结构分布。结果表明:神经垂体内的5-HT免疫反应产物定位于神经末梢的大颗粒囊泡内、小透亮囊泡表面和线粒体外膜。有时,垂体细胞胞浆也呈5-HT免疫反应阳性。5-HT免疫反应阳性的神经末梢分布于毛细血管周围和垂体细胞附迈。本文首次报道含5-HT的神经末梢可与非5-HT神经末梢形成对称性轴-轴突触。其中,5-HT末梢为突触前成分。本文结果提示:神经垂体内的5-HT不仅可通过非突触方式而且可通过突触方式释放,参与神经内分泌功能的调节。     

ELECTRON-HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE LYSOSOME SYSTEM IN ASCITES HEPATOMA AH 13 CELLS

Yoshida ascites hepatoma AH 13 cells were investigated by electron-microscopy and by electron-histochemistry combined with the metal precipitation technique for acid phosphatase, especially giving attention to the changes of lysosome system associated with enzyme activity.
Abundant deposition of intracellular glycogen appeared not only in form of rosettes, but also more frequently in monoparticulate fashion. Acid phosphatase activity was detectable in vacuolated lysosomes, but their intracellular distribution was a little more random in contrast with that of pericanalicular lysosomes of normal liver cells. In addition, the tumor cell lysosomes appeared slightly irregular in size compared with those of hepatocytes. So-called myelin figures which were occasionally encountered In the tumor cell cytoplasm were also stainable for acid phosphatase. It is worth mentioning that the Golgi apparatus of AH 13 cells was also acid phosphatase positive contrary to the negative finding in Golgi apparatus of normal liver cells.
Glycogen-containing lysosomes (glycogenosomes) were often found within or in the vicinity of cytoplasmic glycogen areas. The engulfed glycogen particles sometimes lost their granularity and high density, and became amorphous in appearance suggesting their lytic process within the organelle. In quite rare cases, glycogenosome membranes were stained for acid phosphatase.
The metabolism in lysosome system of AH 13 cells seems to be considerably different from that of normal liver cells.     

Placentation in the alpaca Lama pacos

Reproduction in South American camelids is poorly studied. To extend our knowledge of the development and cellular physiology of the placenta in the alpaca Lama pacos, we have examined specimens from day 150 of pregnancy to term. Morphological investigations using light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the histochemical localization of iron, alkaline and acid phosphatase activity, and the immunodetection of placental lactogen hormone were performed. Throughout pregnancy there was a progressive increase in the depths of folds on the uterine mucosa surface together with a thickening of the endometrium. Glandular cells exhibited PAS and acid phosphatase (AcP) positive secretion granules. In the chorion, giant trophoblast polyploid cells gradually became more numerous and larger. Non-giant cells exhibited positive granules for PAS, alkaline phosphatase (AkP) reaction and immunostaining for bovine placental lactogen hormone (PLH). SDS -PAGE electrophoresis and Western blotting procedures also confirmed the presence of a bovine PLH-like glycoprotein in the fetal alpaca placenta. Over the glandular openings, the chorion formed typical areolae, where the trophoblast exhibited AcP and PAS positive reactions. At these sites, the fetal endothelial cells contained iron-storage granules in their cytoplasm. The trophoblast-epithelial interface exhibited a complex microvillous interdigitation, in which an AkP reaction was very prominent. The chorionic capillaries progressively indented adjacent trophoblast cells. These data suggest that although the epitheliochorial alpaca placenta is diffuse, various trophoblast cell types and specialized areas of the maternofetal interface give the placenta micro-regional functions where histiotrophic nutrition, hormone production and molecular exchange are prevalent.     

Morphological plasticity and rearrangement of cytoskeletons in pituicytes cultured from adult rat neurohypophysis.

The adult rat neurohypophysis reveals drastic morphological plasticity of neuron-glial organization during chronic physiological stimulation. Pituicytes are modified astrocytes in the neurohypophysis, and shape conversion of them largely contributes to the morphological plasticity. The present study aimed to investigate the receptor-mediated mechanism for shape conversion of the pituicyte morphology, particularly in relation with changes of cytoskeletal organization. The cultured pituicytes from adult rat neurohypophysis were mostly flat amorphous shape in normal salt solution. Histochemical experiments showed that thick bundle of microfilament (stress fibers) and fine fibers of microtubule distributed evenly within the pituicyte. When pituicytes were treated with adenosine (more than 1 microM), isoproterenol (IPR); beta-agonist, more than 10 nM), and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dBcAMP, 1 mM), the pituicyte morphology changed from flat to stellate shape. Upon treatment with dBcAMP, stress fibers within pituicyte cytoplasm disappeared, and microtubule assembled in the cellular processes and cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. Pretreatment with colchicine (microtubule-disrupting agent, 25 microM) and orthovanadate (tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, 1 mM) prevented dBcAMP-induced stellation of the pituicyte morphology. Treatment with sphingosine (protein kinase C inhibitor, 10 microM), W-7 (calmodulin dependent protein kinase inhibitor, 40 microM), ML-9 (myosin light chain kinase inhibitor, 20 microM), and cytochalasinB (CytB; microfilament disrupting agent, 5 microM), induced stellation of the pituicyte morphology. Treatment of endothelin-1 (more than 0.1 nM) and endotheline-3 (more than 0.1 nM) reverted dBcAMP-induced stellation of the pituicyte morphology to original flat one and also reverted arrangement of cytoskeletons of stress fiber and microtubules as seen in control one. The present results reveal that pituicyte shape conversion is mediated via beta-adrenergic, adenosine and endotheline and depend on rearrangement of stress fibers and microtubules. In addition, the mechanism of shape conversion of pituicytes cultured from adult neurohypophysis is quite similar to that of astrocytes cultured from neonatal brains and possibly is useful for understanding morphological plasticity of adult brains.     

Placentation in the alpaca<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Lama pacos</Emphasis>

Reproduction in South American camelids is poorly studied. To extend our knowledge of the development and cellular physiology of the placenta in the alpaca Lama pacos, we have examined specimens from day 150 of pregnancy to term. Morphological investigations using light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the histochemical localization of iron, alkaline and acid phosphatase activity, and the immunodetection of placental lactogen hormone were performed. Throughout pregnancy there was a progressive increase in the depths of folds on the uterine mucosa surface together with a thickening of the endometrium. Glandular cells exhibited PAS and acid phosphatase (AcP) positive secretion granules. In the chorion, giant trophoblast polyploid cells gradually became more numerous and larger. Non-giant cells exhibited positive granules for PAS, alkaline phosphatase (AkP) reaction and immunostaining for bovine placental lactogen hormone (PLH). SDS -PAGE electrophoresis and Western blotting procedures also confirmed the presence of a bovine PLH-like glycoprotein in the fetal alpaca placenta. Over the glandular openings, the chorion formed typical areolae, where the trophoblast exhibited AcP and PAS positive reactions. At these sites, the fetal endothelial cells contained iron-storage granules in their cytoplasm. The trophoblast-epithelial interface exhibited a complex microvillous interdigitation, in which an AkP reaction was very prominent. The chorionic capillaries progressively indented adjacent trophoblast cells. These data suggest that although the epitheliochorial alpaca placenta is diffuse, various trophoblast cell types and specialized areas of the maternofetal interface give the placenta micro-regional functions where histiotrophic nutrition, hormone production and molecular exchange are prevalent.