血吸虫病化学治疗的研究 ⅩⅩⅩⅥ.4-苯基(或烯丙基)-5-(吡嗪-2)-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮衍生物的合成

本文报导28个4-苯基(或烯丙基)-5-(吡嗪-2)-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮衍生物的合成。这类化合物的合成是以吡嗪甲酸乙酯与水合肼反应得2-吡嗪甲酰肼,再与不同的异硫氰酸酯作用后,在2N氢氧化钠溶液中环合而得Ⅱ或Ⅲ,然后经烷化、酰化及Mannich反应,分别制得相应的化合物。其中Ⅲ_1和Ⅲ_2对感染日本血吸虫小白鼠有明显肝移作用。     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究——ⅩⅩⅩⅦ.β-(5-硝基-4-溴-2-呋喃)-及β-(4,5-二溴-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺及其酯类的合成

本文报道β-(4,5-二溴-2-呋喃)-及β-(5-硝基-4-溴-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺及其酯类衍生物26个的合成。动物筛选结果表明;化合物Ⅲ₆,Ⅲ₈和Ⅲ₁₃对感染日本血吸虫小白鼠有明显的治疗作用。化合物Ⅱ₆有较明显的预防作用。     

(E)-1-芳基-2-咪唑乙酮和(E)-1-芳基-2-苯并咪唑乙酮取代苯腙衍生物的合成及其抗真菌活性

根据抗真菌药物的作用机理和构效关系,本文设计合成了61个(E)-1-芳基-2-咪唑乙酮和(E)-1-芳基-2-苯并咪唑乙酮取代苯腙衍生物,其中57个化合物是未知的。初步抑菌试验结果表明,大多数化合物对深部致病真菌具有不同程度的抑菌作用。当苯环上有2,6-Cl₂,2,4-Cl₂,p-Cl,p-NO₂,p-OCH₃,p-SCH₃取代时,抗真菌活性较强,特别是有p-OCH₃取代的化合物(如:13,29,45)抗真菌活性优于或相似于克霉唑,抗菌谱也较广。     

N-酰基-N′-(2-吲哚甲酰基)肼的合成及其生理活性

2-吲哚甲酰肼与取代基为H,CH₃,ClCH₂,C₂H₅,CH₃(CH₂)₃,4-Br-C₆H₄和3-吡啶基的甲酰氯在DMF中反应时均得双酰肼化合物。但在乙腈中与乙酰氯或丙酰氯反应时,分别得到两种失水产物,经¹³C核磁共振仪分析表明其为吲哚2位(口恶)二唑取代的化合物,其余仍为双酰肼化合物。体外试验显示;N-甲酰基,N-氯代乙酰基-2-吲哚甲酰肼(Ⅰ,Ⅲ)和2-[2-(5-乙基)-1,3,4-(口恶)二唑]-吲哚(Ⅸ)对强毒人型结核菌H₃₇RV有抑制作用。     

3-苯基-4(1H)喹啉酮羟基衍生物的合成及其抗骨质疏松活性

目的设计并合成7-羟基-3-(取代)苯基-4(1H)喹啉酮化合物及其相应的5-羟基-3-(取代)苯基-4(1H)喹啉酮化合物并考察其抗骨质疏松活性。方法以间氨基酚为原料,选择改良的Gould-Jacobs反应路线同时合成7-羟基-3-(取代)苯基-4(1H)喹啉酮4个(A_1～4)及其相应的5-羟基-3-(取代)苯基-4(1H)喹啉酮4个(B_1～4),通过骨细胞筛选实验以及羟磷灰石吸附实验分别考察其促骨形成作用和趋骨性。结果共合成了新化合物8个(A_1～4,B_1～4),其结构经IR,MS,1HNMR和元素分析确证。骨细胞筛选实验结果表明,B₃有促骨形成作用,但作用弱于芒柄花黄素;羟磷灰石吸附实验结果表明,羟磷灰石对B₁,B₂和B₄有一定的吸附,其中对B₁和B₂的吸附作用强于四环素。结论 5-羟基-3-(取代)苯基-4(1H)喹啉酮化合物有促骨形成作用并具有一定的趋骨活性。     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究——Ⅳ.β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙酰胺类及其α,β-二溴取代衍生物的合成

本文报道38个β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙酰胺及其α,β-二溴取代衍生物的合成。这类化合物的制备是以相应的β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺类化合物(Ⅰ)进行催化氢化或与溴加成而得。经动物筛选发现β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺类的丙烯双键以氢饱和以后生成丙酰胺类化合物(Ⅱ),对感染日本血吸虫病的小白鼠完全失去治疗或预防作用。而以溴饱和双键的α,β-二溴化合物(Ⅲ)则仍然有较显著的杀虫作用。其中尤以β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)-α,β-二溴丙酰异丙胺(Ⅲ₁₁)和β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)-α,β-二溴丙酰甘氨酸乙酯(Ⅲ₂₄)最为显著,后者曾试用于临床,证明有一定疗效。     

(Z)-2-(5-氨基-1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基)-2-甲氧亚氨基乙酸的合成

目的 合成头孢唑兰中间体(Z)-2-(5-氨基-1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基)-2-甲氧亚氨基乙酸。方法 以氰乙酰胺为起始原料,依次经甲氧亚氨化、加成、酯化、与硫氰化钾反应、构型转换和水解共6步反应制得目标化合物。结果和结论 目标化合物的结构经¹H-NMR和MS谱确证。该工艺路线原料易得,操作简便,总收率为29.8%,具有一定的工业化价值。     

7-酰氨基-3-(1,2,3-三唑甲基)头孢菌素衍生物的合成及其抗菌活性

本文以青霉素G扩环而得的7-苯乙酰氨基-3-甲基-3-头孢烯-4-羧酸(Ⅰ)为原料,合成了12个C₃位上有1,2,3-三唑甲基取代的新头孢菌素衍生物(Ⅷ_1～12),并经分析确证了各化合物的结构。体外抑菌试验结果表明,其中6个化合物,即Ⅶ_2～4,9～11,不仅对革兰氏阳性菌有较高的抑制作用。而且对革兰氏阴性菌也有高度敏感性。     

氧杂蒽-2-羧酸及氧杂蒽酮-2-羧酸类衍生物的合成

本文合成了一系列7位拉电子基团取代的氧杂蒽-2-羧酸及氧杂蒽酮-2-羧酸化合物。经大鼠被动皮肤过敏试验(PCA),显示化合物(Ⅷ),(Ⅻ_b)和(Ⅻ_e)有50～60%的抑制率(PO,200mg/kg),(Ⅻ_d)有54%的抑制率(ⅳ,10mg/kg)。氧杂蒽酮-2-羧酸(Ⅷ)经黄鸣龙还原反应生成(Ⅸ),但收率低,推测副产物2,2′-二羟基二苯基-甲烷(Ⅹ)的生成机理,改变反应条件,从而提高了(Ⅸ)的收率。化合物(Ⅻ_d)的元素分析和质谱均证明其结构为(Ⅻ_d),但核磁共振谱(溶剂为三氟醋酸)出现异常,而与(Ⅻ_d)在醋酐中回流所得产物(Ⅻ_d)的图谱相同。表明(Ⅻ_d)在三氟醋酸中环合、脱水产生了(Ⅻ_d)。     

6-取代苯基哒嗪的3位γ-氨基丁酸衍生物的合成及抗惊活性

GABA的合成类似物是开发新型抗惊剂和抗癫痫药物的新领域。由芳香醛与吗啉、氰化钾反应形成的α-芳基-α-(4-吗啉)乙腈,可对α,β-不饱和腈或酯进行1,4-加成,生成1,4-酮酸型化合物。此物与肼缩合,再经芳构化即得6-芳基-3(2H)哒嗪酮。后者再经氯化后。与GABA缩合,制备3-(N-GABA)-6-芳基哒嗪类及其分子内脱水产物3-(N-丁内酰胺)-6-芳基哒嗪类化合物。本文应用此法合成了17个上述苯代哒嗪的GABA衍生物,并初步测验了它们的抗惊(MES)活性。活性最强的是3-(N-GABA)-6-(2′,4′-二氯苯基)哒嗪(ED₅₀=21.05mg/kg)。     

可逆性胆碱酯酶抑制剂:二甲氨基甲酸-[2-(2-二甲氨基)乙氧基-4(或5)-特丁基]苯酯的合成

前报报道在“催醒安”的对位异构体的苯环上引入烷基,可以增强对胆碱酯酶的抑制作用。为了探索在邻位异构体(Ⅰ)的苯环上引入烷基对生理活性的影响,合成了二甲氨基甲酸-[2-(2-二甲氨基)乙氧基-4(或5)-特丁基]苯酯(Ⅱ)。     

4-(2-酰胺基-2-乙氧羰基)乙硫基-4-脱氧-4′-去甲表鬼臼毒素衍生物的合成与抗肿瘤活性

为考察4′-去甲基表鬼臼毒素4位上取代基结构变化与抗肿瘤活性的关系,设计并合成了23个标题化合物。体外L₁₂₁₀白血病细胞与KB细胞生长抑制试验的结果表明,化合物11,16和18的抗肿瘤活性超过依托泊甙,化合物8的活性与依托泊甙相当。     

1-(3-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)-1-propyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-piperidinol,a novel subtype selective inhibitor of the mouse type II GABA-transporter

The selectivity of new derivatives of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-uptake inhibitor, tiagabine was characterized at the four cloned mouse GABA transporters (mGAT1 through mGAT4) by measuring [³H]-GABA uptake into stably transfected baby hamster kidney cells. While tiagabine is a highly selective inhibitor of mGAT1 (K_i=0.11±0.02 μM), these derivatives exhibited low potencies at mGAT1 but differential activities at mGAT2, mGAT3 and mGAT4. In particular, 1-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-1-propyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-piperidinol (NNC 05-2090) was a potent inhibitor of mGAT2 (K_i=1.4±0.3 μM) showing at least 10 fold selectivity over mGAT1, mGAT3 and mGAT4. NNC 05-2090 is the first subtype selective inhibitor of mGAT2 and may represent a novel useful tool for investigating the physiological roles of GAT2 in the brain and periphery.     

4-[(5-甲基-2-芳基噁唑-4-基)甲氧基]-芳亚甲(苄)基取代的杂环类化合物的设计、合成与生物活性

目的 设计合成具有 PPARγ激动剂活性的4-[(5-甲基-2-芳基噁唑-4-基)甲氧基]-芳亚甲(苄)基取代的杂环类化合物。方法 以丁二酮单肟为原料，经与（取代）苯甲醛环合、氯化得到氯甲基噁唑衍生物，再与对羟基苯甲醛或香兰醛缩合，最后与各种杂环进行Knoevenagel反应得到目标化合物。结果 合成了12个未见文献报道的新化合物，并利用元素分析、IR和¹H-NMR确证了结构。结论 化合物13和16初步活性试验显示与PPARγ具有一定的结合活性，但是其抑制率均略小于50%，表明其IC₅₀值可能略大于10 umol·L^-1。     

二氢叶酸还原酶抑制剂:5-取代苯硫基(硒基)-2,4-二氨基嘧啶类化合物的合成和抑酶活性

According to the principle of isosterism the-CH₂-group of 5-(substituted benzyl)-2, 4-diaminopyrimidine was modified by—S—and—Se—and some 5-(substituted phenyl)thio-2, 4-diaminopyrimidines and 5-(substituted phenyl)seleno-2,4-diaminopyrimidines were synthesized. Their inhibitory activities on L. casei and chicken liver dihydrofolate reductase were determined. Preliminary data showed that the inhibitory activities of these compounds were less than those of the corresponding 5-(substituted benzyl)-2, 4-diaminopyrimidines. Their selectivities are also decreased.     

Studies of the antagonist actions of (RS)-2-amino-3-[5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl]propionic acid (ATPO) on non-NMDA receptors in cultured rat neurones

1. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from single cultured cortical neurones have been used to study the action of (RS)-2-amino-3-[5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl]propionic acid (ATPO), which has previously been proposed to be a potent selective antagonist of 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptors.
2. ATPO competitively reduced peak responses evoked by semi-rapid applications of AMPA (K_i=16 μM) but had variable effects on plateau responses, which were on average unchanged. Following blockade of AMPA receptor desensitization by cyclothiazide (CTZ, 100 μM), the plateau responses were reduced by ATPO to a similar extent as the peak responses, indicating that ATPO reduces desensitization of AMPA receptors.
3. Semi-rapid application of kainic acid (KA) and the KA receptor-selective agonist, (2S,4R)-4-methylglutamic acid (MeGlu) evoked non-desensitizing responses which were competitively antagonized by ATPO (K_i values: 27 and 23 μM, respectively).
4. Responses to MeGlu were unaffected by CTZ (100 μM), but potentiated 3 fold following blockade of KA receptor desensitization by concanavalin A (Con A, 300 μg ml⁻¹). Responses of spinal cord neurones to MeGlu were blocked by ATPO to a similar extent before and after blockade of KA receptor desensitization by Con A.
5. Although selectively potentiated by Con A, plateau responses to MeGlu were reduced by 69.6% by the AMPA selective antagonist, GYKI 53655 (10 μM). The remaining component was further reduced by ATPO with a K_i of 36 μM, which was not significantly different from that in the absence of GYKI 53655, but was greater than that on responses to AMPA.
6. It is concluded that ATPO is a moderate-potency competitive inhibitor of naturally expressed non-NMDA receptors.

     

抗心肌缺血药3-{4-[(2-羟基-3-烷氨基)丙氧基]苯基(苄基)}-取代4(3H)-喹唑酮的合成

In order to search for effective antimyocardial ischemic agents, fourteen new 3 4-[(3-alkylamino-2-hydroxy)propoxy] phenyl(benzyl)]-substituted 4(3H)-quin zolinones (Ⅱ) were synthesized. Substituted o-aminobenzoic acids used as the starting materials were allowed to react with acetic anhydride and then p-aminophenol (method A), or with N- (4- hydroxyphenyl)formamide (method B), or with thionyl chloride and then N - (4 - hydroxybenzyl) formamide (methode C) to form 3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl(benzyl)]-substituted 4(3H)-quinazolinones (Ⅲ). The intermediate Ⅲ reacted with epichiorohydrin to form the epoxides (Ⅳ). The reaction of Ⅳ with an excess of isopropylamine or tert-butylamine in boiling chloroform gave the desired products. Of all the compounds synthesized, Compounds Ⅱ_3～5 and Ⅱ₁₃ were found to increase the tolerance of mice to hypoxia. Further evaluation is in progress.     

Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of 3-((5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(quinoxalin-6-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)benzamide; a novel ALK5 inhibitor and a potential anti-fibrosis drug

The authors investigated the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 3-((5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(quinoxalin-6-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)benzamide (IN-1130), a novel ALK5 inhibitor, which suppresses renal and hepatic fibrosis, and also exerts anti-metastatic effects on breast cancer-bearing MMTV-cNeu mice model. Plasma half-lives of orally administered IN-1130 were 62.6 min in mice, 76.6?±?10.6 min in dogs, 156.1?±?19.3 min in rats, and 159.9?±?59.9 min in monkeys. IN-1130 showed a high apparent permeability coefficient (P_app) of (45.0?±?2.3)?×?10^?6 cm s^?1 in in vitro permeability tests in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model. The bioavailability of orally administered IN-1130 was 84.9% in dogs and 34.4% in monkeys (oral dose, 5.5 mg kg^?1), 11.4% in rats and 8.95% in mice (oral dose, 50.3 mg kg^?1), respectively. Orally given IN-1130 was readily distributed into liver, kidneys and lungs. The major metabolite of IN-1130 (M1) was detected in the systemic circulation of rat and mouse and was purified and tentatively identified as 3-((4-(3-hydroxyquinoxaline-6-yl)-5-(6-methylpyridine-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)benzamide or 3-((4-(2-hydroxyquinoxalin-6-yl)-5-(6-methylpyridine-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)benzamide. The highest levels of M1 were found in liver. The results of this study suggest that IN-1130 has the potential to serve as an effective oral anti-fibrotic drug.