Exercise and vasorelaxing effects of CO-releasing molecules in hypertensive rats

PURPOSE: Because carbon monoxide (CO) has been reported able to induce relaxation, we aimed to investigate the effects of exercise training on the rat thoracic aorta responsiveness to a CO-releasing molecule (CORM), tricarbonyldichlororuthenium ([Ru(CO)3Cl2]2). METHODS: Male Wistar rats (N = 32) were divided in hypertensive and normotensive groups using the two-kidney, one-clip model of Goldblatt or SHAM surgery. Hypertensive and normotensive groups were assigned to an exercise training protocol on a level treadmill over a 10-wk period or were assigned to remain sedentary. After the exercise training protocol, blood pressure and cardiac tissue weight were assessed. The responsiveness of endothelium-denuded thoracic aortic rings to [Ru(CO)3Cl2]2 was evaluated by isometric contractions recordings. RESULTS: Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures were significantly increased in hypertensive rats compared with control rats. Exercise training did not significantly alter blood pressure but decreased pulse pressure in hypertensive animals compared with sedentary hypertensive rats. In all groups, application of [Ru(CO)3Cl2]2 induced relaxation in precontracted aortic rings. Compared with normotensive rats, CO-induced relaxation was significantly decreased in hypertensive rats. Nevertheless, training exercise increased relaxation markedly in response to [Ru(CO)3Cl2]2 application in hypertensive rats, whereas it remained without effect in control rings. Pretreatment with TEA, a nonselective K+ channel inhibitor, decreased [Ru(CO)3Cl2]2-induced relaxation in all groups that became similar. In trained hypertensive rats, iberiotoxin had effects similar to those of TEA. CONCLUSIONS: This finding supports the concept that the CORM [Ru(CO)3Cl2]2 can induce relaxation in both normotensive and hypertensive rats with an impairment of the CO-induced relaxation during hypertension. However, exercise training improves the aorta's ability to relax in response to [Ru(CO)3Cl2]2 during hypertension, probably by increasing K+ channel activity.     

Does diabetes mellitus influence the efficacy of FDG-PET in the diagnosis of cervical cancer?

Purpose Compared with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) may have additional value in the assessment of primary and recurrent cervical cancer. However, the degree of tumour uptake of ¹⁸F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) uptake is sometimes influenced by diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, we conducted this prospective study to compare the diagnostic ability of FDG-PET in patients with cervical cancer complicated by DM and those without DM.Methods Patients with untreated locally advanced primary or clinically curable recurrent cervical carcinoma were enrolled. Both FDG-PET and MRI/CT scans were performed within 2 weeks. Patients were categorised into the following groups: hyperglycaemic DM (fasting blood sugar >126 mg/dl), euglycaemic DM and non-DM. The lesions were confirmed histologically or by clinical follow-up. The receiver operating characteristic curve method, with calculation of the area under the curve (AUC), was used to evaluate the discriminative power.Results From February 2001 to January 2003, 219 patients (75 with primary and 144 with recurrent cervical cancer) were eligible for analysis. Sixteen had hyperglycaemic DM, 12 had euglycaemic DM and 191 were in the non-DM group. The diagnostic power of PET in the hyperglycaemic DM, euglycaemic DM and non-DM groups did not differ significantly with regard to the identification of either metastatic lesions (AUC, 0.967/0.947/0.925, P>0.05) or primary tumours/local recurrence (AUC, 0.950/0.938/0.979, P>0.05). Considering all DM patients, PET showed a significantly higher detection power than MRI/CT scans in respect of metastatic lesions (AUC=0.956 vs 0.824, P=0.012).Conclusion In comparison with its accuracy in non-DM patients, the accuracy of PET in cervical cancer patients with mild to moderate DM was not significantly reduced.     

Effets d'un entraînement isométrique sur la fonction endothéliale de la rate ovariectomisée

IntroductionOvariectomy in animals reduces endothelium-dependent relaxation. On the other hand, endurance training improves the endothelial function. The purpose of this in vivo study was to investigate, in female Sprague–Dawley rats, the effects of a 14-week progressive strength isometric training on endothelium dysfunction induced by estrogen deficiency.SynthesisRats were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) sham operated; 2) ovariectomized sedentary group; 3) ovariectomized sedentary group receiving daily injection of 17β-estradiol; 4) ovariectomized exercised group. Vascular reactivity of aortic rings has been evaluated by increasing doses of acetylcholine. The acetylcholine-induced relaxation was enhanced in trained rats.ConclusionsOur data indicate that isometric strength training improves endothelial function in ovariectomized female rats.     

Endothelial role in the thoracic aorta response to hindlimb unloading in rats

BACKGROUND: Hindlimb unloading (HLU) is used to simulate microgravity in rats and has been shown to decrease contractile response in the abdominal aorta. The thoracic aorta has not been studied as thoroughly. METHODS: Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to HLU for 20 d and the thoracic aortas were isolated and sectioned into 3-mm rings for the measurement of isometric force development. Concentration response curves (CRCs) to phenylephrine (PHE) were obtained in endothelium-intact and -denuded rings from both strains of rats. Acetylcholine, methylfurmethide (MFM), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) CRCs were obtained in the Wistar rats. RESULTS: HLU had no effect on the contractions of endothelium-intact Wistar aortas to PHE, but decreased the maximal PHE-induced contraction (2.82 +/- 0.16 g Control vs. 2.18 +/- 0.11 g HLU) in intact Sprague-Dawley aortas. After endothelium removal, HLU increased the contractions of Wistar, but not Sprague-Dawley, aortas to PHE (1.91 +/- 0.12 g Control vs. 2.95 +/- 0.13 g HLU). HLU had no effect on the relaxation to acetylcholine, but increased the sensitivity to the relaxing effects of MFM (LOG EC50 -6.96 +/- 0.12 Control vs.-7.31 +/- 0.17 HLU) and SNP (LOG EC50 -7.90 +/- 0.15 Control vs.-8.35 +/- 0.10 HLU) in the Wistar rats. SUMMARY: It is concluded that HLU increased smooth muscle contracting and endothelium-dependent relaxing capacities equally in the Wistar aortas, and had no effect on smooth muscle, but increased endothelium-dependent relaxation, in the Sprague-Dawley aortas.     

脉冲电磁场对大鼠垂体超微结构的影响

目的 探讨脉冲电磁场(PEMF)对大鼠垂体前叶内分泌细胞超微结构的影响。方法SD雄性大鼠30只，随机分为5组，每组6只。其中l组为对照组，其余4组为辐照组。以场强200kV／m的PEMF对辐照组大鼠进行200次脉冲的全身辐照。于照后6、12、24和48h活杀动物，取出垂体，制作常规电镜标本，观察垂体前叶内分泌细胞超微结构的改变。结果辐照后6h大鼠垂体前叶内分泌细胞超微结构即表现为变化，其中催乳素细胞及生长激素细胞变化明显，表现为线粒体肿胀、嵴断裂、包涵体形成，高尔基复合体扩张及散在的各级溶酶体；至照后48h变化呈逐渐加重趋势，包括线粒体空泡化及其内部髓鞘样结构形成，内质网高度扩张，大量的次级溶酶体出现，细胞核内异染色质边集等。结论PEMF辐照可对大鼠垂体前叶内分泌细胞结构造成损伤，其主要受损细胞器为线粒体和内质网。     

糖尿病患者根管治疗术后临床疗效观察

目的对糖尿病与非糖尿病患者根管治疗后的术后反应及疗效进行对照观察和评估。方法 160例需做根管治疗的患者,两次法完成根管治疗,观察糖尿病患者与非糖尿病患者术后疼痛情况及1年后疗效。结果对于牙髓炎组,糖尿病患者与非糖尿病患者术后疼痛两组比较无统计学差异。对于根尖周炎组,糖尿病患者术后疼痛发生率较非糖尿病患者高(P<0.01);根管治疗后1年疗效,糖尿病患者较非糖尿病患者低(P<0.01)。结论对于根尖周炎,糖尿病患者根管治疗术后疼痛要比非糖尿病患者重。     

高压氧对急性下肢缺血再灌注大鼠血小板膜糖蛋白CD31、CD61和CD62p表达的影响

目的　探讨高压氧 (HBO)对急性下肢缺血再灌注大鼠血小板膜糖蛋白 CD31、CD6 1和CD6 2 p表达的影响。方法　大鼠随机分为下肢缺血再灌注组 (再灌注组 )、下肢缺血再灌注 HBO处理组 (HBO组 )、假手术组。夹闭大鼠腹主动脉 ,建立急性下肢缺血再灌注大鼠模型。观察急性下肢缺血再灌注大鼠经 HBO治疗后大鼠的血小板膜糖蛋白 CD31、CD6 1和 CD6 2 p表达的变化。结果　再灌注组大鼠血小板膜糖蛋白 CD31和 CD6 2 p表达均高于假手术组 ,差异具有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而 HBO组 CD31和 CD6 2 p表达均低于再灌注组 ,差异具有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。假手术组、再灌注组和 HBO组 3组之间CD6 1表达差异无显著性。结论　急性下肢缺血再灌注可以导致大鼠血小板膜糖蛋白 CD31和 CD6 2 p的表达量增加 ,而早期 HBO治疗可有效抑制这些血小板膜糖蛋白的表达 ,可能有助于减轻缺血再灌注损伤。     

Continuous 900-megahertz electromagnetic field applied in middle and late-adolescence causes qualitative and quantitative changes in the ovarian morphology,tissue and blood biochemistry of the rat

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use histological and biochemical methods in order to evaluate changes taking place in the ovarian of rats exposed to the effect of a 900-megahertz (MHz) electromagnetic field (EMF) in middle and late adolescence.

Materials and methods: Twenty-four 34-d-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned equally to control, sham and EMF groups. EMF group rats were exposed to the effect of a 900-MHz EMF for 1?h a day, at the same time every day between postnatal days 35 and 59, while inside an EMF cage. Sham group rats were kept inside the EMF cage for the same time between postnatal days 35 and 59 without being exposed to any EMF effect. At the end of the study, rats’ ovarian were removed and blood specimens were taken. Right ovarium tissues were subjected to routine histological procedures and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid shift and Masson’s trichrome. Follicles were counted in ovarian sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The TUNEL method was used to evaluate apoptosis. Left ovarian tissue and blood specimens were investigated biochemically.

Results: Histopathological examination of EMF group ovarian tissue revealed thinning in the zona granulosa and theca layers, shrinking in granulosa cells, reduced mitotic activity and leukocyte infiltration in the follicles and stroma. Secondary follicle numbers in the EMF group were significantly lower than in the other groups. In terms of biochemistry, EMF and sham group superoxide dismutase, catalase and anti-Mullerian hormone levels and EMF group 3-nitrotyrosine values increased significantly compared to the control group. EMF and sham group serum catalase and 8-hydroxy-deoxiguanosine values increased significantly compared to the control group, and EMF group total oxidant status and oxidative stress index values were significantly higher compared to the sham and control groups.

Conclusions: A total of 900-MHz EMF applied in middle and late adolescence may cause changes in the morphology and biochemistry of the rat ovarium.     

有氧运动和膳食控制对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨有氧运动联合膳食控制对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响及其机制。方法:选用6周龄雄性SD大鼠62只,随机抽取8只大鼠作为正常对照组(C组),喂以标准饲料;其余54只在喂饲高脂高糖膳食的基础上,腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ),建立2型糖尿病动物模型。然后将2型糖尿病大鼠随机分成4组:DM对照组(DM组,n=9)、DM+运动锻炼组(DME组,n=10)、DM+膳食控制组(DMD组,n=10)和DM+运动锻炼+膳食控制组(DMED组,n=10)。DM组大鼠继续喂饲高脂高糖饲料,不进行运动锻炼;运动锻炼采用每天60 min、每周6天的无负重游泳运动;膳食控制采用与DM组等量的标准饲料。12周后,检测各组大鼠空腹血糖(FPG)水平、心肌细胞凋亡指数、心肌组织Bcl-2和Fas含量。结果:①DM组心肌细胞凋亡指数和Fas含量显著高于C组(P<0.01),Bcl-2含量显著低于C组(P<0.05)。②通过双因素方差分析,有氧运动或膳食控制可以显著降低糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡指数和Fas含量(P<0.01),升高Bcl-2含量但无统计学意义(P>0.05),而有氧运动联合膳食控制对降低糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡指数和Fas含量、升高心肌组织bcl-2含量具有显著的交互作用(P<0.01)。结论:①糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡增加,而心肌组织Bcl-2含量降低和Fas含量升高可能是心肌细胞凋亡增加的重要机制。②长期有氧运动或膳食控制可以显著降低糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡,且有氧运动联合膳食控制对减少糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡具有显著交互作用。同时,升高心肌组织Bcl-2含量、降低心肌组织Fas含量可能是长期有氧运动联合膳食控制减少心肌细胞凋亡发生的重要机制。     

肝细胞癌患者伴发糖尿病行肝动脉化疗栓塞术的预后因素分析

目的 分析糖尿病(DM)对不可切除肝细胞癌(HCC)患者TACE术后预后的影响.方法 选取2010年1月-2015年6月就诊于上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院行TACE术的HCC患者858例,其中合并DM患者175例(DM组),HCC未合并DM患者683例(非DM组),分析两组患者一般临床资料及总体生存的差异.生存率用Kaplan-Meier法计算,组间差异采用Log-Rank方法,采用Cox比例风险回归分析不可切除HCC患者TACE术预后的影响因素.结果 两组性别、年龄、血清总胆红素、白蛋白、凝血酶原时间、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、Child-Pugh分级、肿瘤最大直径和数目、肝硬化、TACE治疗次数以及BCLC分期比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);DM组空腹血糖(FPG)水平高于非DM组(P＜0.05).DM组患者1、3、5年生存率为60.9％、27.5％和10.7％,非DM组为70.9％、36.0％和17.6％,经Log-rank检验,差异存在统计学意义(P=0.008).将上述变量进行多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,肿瘤最大直径＞5 cm、肿瘤数目多发、AFP＞20 ng/ml、BCLC分期、以及合并DM是影响HCC患者TACE预后的独立危险因素.结论 DM是影响不可切除HCC患者TACE后独立危险因素.     

Effects of high‐impact exercise on the physical properties of bones of ovariectomized rats fed to a high‐protein diet

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high‐impact physical exercise as a prophylactic and therapeutic means in osteopenic bones of rats submitted to ovariectomy and protein diet intake. A total of 64 Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 8 each), being: OVX , ovx, standard diet and sedentary; OVXE , ovx, standard diet and jump; OVXP , ovx, high‐protein diet and sedentary; and OVXEP , ovx, high‐protein diet and jump; SH , sham, standard diet and sedentary; SHE , sham, standard diet and jump; SHP , sham, high‐protein diet and sedentary; and SHEP , sham, high‐protein diet and jump. OVX surgery consists of ovariectomy, and sham was the control surgery. The jumping protocol consisted of 20 jumps/day, 5 days/week. The bone structure was evaluated by densitometry, mechanical tests, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. A high‐protein diet resulted in increased bone mineral density (P  =  .049), but decreased maximal load (P  =  .026) and bone volume fraction (P  =  .023). The benefits of physical exercise were demonstrated by higher values of the maximal load in the trained groups compared to the sedentary groups (P  <  .001). The sham groups had decreased immunostaining of osteocalcin (P  =  .004) and osteopontin (P  =  .010) compared to ovx groups. However, the high‐protein diet (P  =  .005) and jump exercise (P  =  .017) resulted in lower immunostaining of osteopontin compared to the standard diet and sedentary groups, respectively. In this experimental model, it was concluded that ovariectomy and a high‐fat diet can negatively affect bone tissue and the high‐impact exercise was not enough to suppress the deleterious effects caused by the protein diet and ovariectomy.     

运动与复方丹参合剂联合应用对去卵巢大鼠骨体积和骨量的影响

目的:观察运动和复方丹参合剂(CDM)联合应用对去卵巢大鼠骨体积和骨量的影响。方法:健康4月龄雌性SD大鼠48只随机分成6组:正常对照组,假去卵巢组,去卵巢组,去卵巢+复方丹参合剂组,去卵巢+运动组,去卵巢+复方丹参合剂+运动组。去卵巢+复方丹参合剂组和去卵巢+复方丹参合剂+运动组大鼠于去卵巢手术后第2天开始给予复方丹参合剂溶液(10 ml.kg-1.d-1)灌胃,持续11周。去卵巢+运动组和去卵巢+复方丹参合剂+运动组大鼠于去卵巢术后第7天开始给予中等强度的运动训练,每周5天,每天以16 m/min速度跑45 min,跑道倾角0,持续10周。第11周末,麻醉状态下动脉放血处死各组大鼠,观察左股骨骨直径、骨体积、骨湿重、骨干重、骨灰重变化。结果:去卵巢组大鼠骨直径、骨体积、骨湿重、骨干重、骨灰重等指标均低于假去卵巢组(P<0.01);去卵巢+复方丹参合剂组和去卵巢+运动组大鼠骨直径、骨体积、骨湿重、骨干重、骨灰重等指标虽较去卵巢组显著增加(P<0.01),但仍显著低于假去卵巢组(P<0.01);去卵巢+复方丹参合剂+运动组大鼠骨直径、骨体积、骨湿重、骨干重、骨灰重等指标均显著高于去卵巢+复方丹参合剂组和去卵巢+运动组(P<0.01)。结论:运动可加强复方丹参合剂改善去卵巢大鼠骨体积和骨量的作用。     

Can safe and long-term exposure to extremely low frequency (50 Hz) magnetic fields affect apoptosis,reproduction, and oxidative stress?

Abstract

Purpose: To determine whether 50 Hz extremely low frequency-magnetic fields (ELF-MF) affects apoptotic processes, oxidative damage, and reproductive characteristics such as sperm count and morphology in rat testes.

Materials and methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the present study, which were divided into three groups (sham group, n = 10, and two experimental groups, n = 10 for each group). Rats in the experimental group were exposed to 100 and 500 μT ELF-MF (2 h/day, 7 days/week, for 10 months) corresponding to exposure levels that are considered safe for humans. The same experimental procedures were applied to the sham group, but the ELF generator was turned off. Tissues from the testes were immunohistochemically stained for active (cleaved) caspase-3 in order to measure the apoptotic index by a semi-quantitative scoring system. The levels of catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total antioxidative capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were also measured. Additionally, epididymal sperm count and sperm morphology was evaluated.

Results: There were no significant differences in the reproductive and oxidative stress parameters between the sham group and the exposed groups (p > 0.05). While no difference was observed between the final apoptosis score of the sham and the 100 μT ELF-MF group (p > 0.05), the final apoptosis score was higher in the 500 μT ELF-MF exposure group than in the sham group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Long-term exposure to 100 μT and 500 μT ELF-MF did not affect oxidative or antioxidative processes, lipid peroxidation, or reproductive components such as sperm count and morphology in testes tissue of rats. However, long-term exposure to 500 μT ELF-MF did affect active-caspase-3 activity, which is a well-known apoptotic indicator.     

多次低剂量照射对雄性糖尿病大鼠脾细胞凋亡和免疫因子的影响

目的 观察多次低剂量辐射(LDR)对糖尿病(DM)大鼠脾细胞凋亡和免疫因子的影响。方法 大鼠随机分为对照组、DM组和DM+LDR组;剂量分别为25、50和75 mGy,共照射15次;照射后4周,采用流式细胞术检测脾细胞凋亡和TCRα β百分数的变化,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清和脾细胞培养上清IL-2含量的变化。结果 与对照组相比,DM和DM + LDR两组大鼠体重均下降,尤以DM组明显。DM+LDR组大鼠血糖水平虽明显高于对照组(t₂₅=23.321、 t₅₀=18.329、 t₇₅=9.23,P<0.01),但显著低于DM组(t₂₅=3.574、 t₅₀=4.593、 t₇₅=5.577,P< 0.01)。同时发现:与对照组相比,DM+LDR各组脾细胞凋亡增加,其中DM+50 mGy组增加明显(t₅₀=4.102,P<0.01)。血清IL-2含量也增加,但是差异均无统计学意义。脾细胞培养上清IL-2含量明显下降(t₂₅=7.778、 t₅₀=7.411、 t₇₅=8.325,P<0.01)。与DM组相比,DM+LDR各组脾细胞凋亡和TCRα β百分数均明显降低(凋亡:t₂₅=4.772、 t₅₀=3.346、 t₇₅=6.778;TCRα β:t₂₅=3.381、 t₅₀=5.807、 t₇₅=2.356,P<0.05～P<0.01)。血清IL-2含量呈下降趋势;脾细胞培养上清IL-2含量均有升高趋势。结论 多次LDR能够削弱糖尿病造成的大鼠体重减轻和血糖升高,降低糖尿病所致的脾细胞凋亡,并能调节脾脏免疫因子,改善其失衡状态。     

中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠肝脏脂类水平的影响

目的:观察中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠肝脏脂类水平的影响。方法:80只雌性3月龄SD大鼠按体重随机分为假手术组、去卵巢静止组、去卵巢运动组和雌激素组,每组20只。除假手术组外,其它三组均切除双侧卵巢,假手术组行相同手术操作,但不切除卵巢,只切除与卵巢等大的脂肪。去卵巢运动组进行每周5次、每次45min、速度18m/min、坡度5°的跑台训练;雌激素组每周颈部皮下注射两次17β-雌二醇,剂量为25μg/kg体重。各组于去卵巢后7周和14周时分别取材,称体重和腹腔内脂肪重量,乙醇/氯仿提取肝脏总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)。结果:(1)去卵巢后7周时,去卵巢静止组肝脏TG含量显著高于假手术组,TC无显著变化;去卵巢运动组肝脏TC和TG以及雌激素组肝脏TG含量均显著低于去卵巢静止组,而雌激素组肝脏TC无显著变化。(2)去卵巢后14周时,去卵巢静止组肝脏TC和TG含量均显著高于假手术组,而去卵巢运动组和雌激素组肝脏TC和TG均极显著低于去卵巢静止组。结论:中等强度跑台运动能显著降低去卵巢大鼠肝脏脂类水平。     

Aortic wall shear stress in Marfan syndrome

The aim of this study was to quantify changes in thoracic aortic wall shear stress (WSS) in asymptomatic patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) compared with healthy controls. WSS in the thoracic aorta was quantified based on time‐resolved 3D phase contrast MRI with three‐directional velocity encoding (4D flow MRI, temporal resolution ～44 ms, spatial resolution ～2.5 mm) in 24 patients with confirmed MFS (age = 18 ± 12 years) and in 12 older healthy volunteers (age = 25 ± 3 years). Diameters of the thoracic aorta normalized to body surface area were similar for both groups. Peak systolic velocity, absolute WSS, time‐averaged WSS, circumferential WSS, peak systolic WSS, and WSS eccentricity were calculated in eight analysis planes distributed along the thoracic aorta. Plane‐wise comparison revealed significant differences between MFS patients and volunteers in the proximal ascending aorta for peak systolic velocities (1.11 ± 0.23 m/s vs. 1.34 ± 0.18 m/s, P = 0.004) and circumferential WSS (0.14 ± 0.03 N/m² vs. 0.11 ± 0.02 N/m², P = 0.007). WSS eccentricity was altered in most of the ascending aorta and proximal arch (P = 0.009–0.020). MFS patients demonstrated segmental differences in peak systolic WSS with a significantly higher WSS at the inner curvature in the proximal ascending aorta and at the anterior part in the more distal ascending aorta (P < 0.01). These findings indicate differences in WSS associated with MFS despite similar aortic dimensions compared to controls. Magn Reson Med, 70:1137–1144, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Endovascular Repair of Localized Pathological Lesions of the Descending Thoracic Aorta: Midterm Results

The endoluminal stent-graft represents an attractive and a less invasive technique for treatment of various diseases of the descending thoracic aorta. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Talent endovascular stent-graft for the treatment of various localized diseases of the descending thoracic aorta. Over a 3-year period, Talent thoracic endografts were placed in 40 patients with a high surgical risk, presenting a localized lesion of the descending thoracic aorta: degenerative aneurysm (n = 13), acute traumatic rupture (n = 11), acute Stanford type B aortic dissection (n = 6), false aneurysm (n = 7), and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (n = 3). Fifteen patients (37.5%) were treated as emergencies. The feasibility of endovascular treatment and sizing of the aorta and stent-grafts were determined preoperatively by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and intraoperative angiography. Immediate and mid-term technical and clinical success was assessed by clinical and MRA follow-up. Endovascular treatment was completed successfully in all 40 patients, with no conversion to open repair or intraoperative mortality. The mean operative time was 37.5 ± 7 min. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 10% (n = 4), all in emergency cases, for causes not related to the endograft. The primary technical success was 92.5%. The mean follow-up period was 15 ± 5 months. The survival rate was 95% (n = 35). Diminution of the aneurismal size was observed in 47.5% (n = 19). We conclude that endovascular treatment of the various localized diseases of the descending thoracic aorta is a promising, feasible, alternative technique to open surgery in well-selected patients.     

盐酸小檗碱对血管内皮M胆碱受体作用的研究

盐酸小檗碱在≤０．１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度时，对乙酰胆碱松弛带内皮血管环的作用有剂量依赖性的增强；当浓度≥２０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，则对带内皮血管环具浓度依赖性的直接舒张作用，而去内皮或阻断Ｍ受体后均完全被抑制。本品还引起离体气管条的浓度依赖性收缩，而阿托品可竞争性地抑制此作用。放射配基一受体结合实验显示，Ｂｅｒ对大鼠唾液腺、大脑皮质和心脏的Ｍ受体均有中度亲和力     

Short-term 2.1 GHz radiofrequency radiation treatment induces significant changes on the auditory evoked potentials in adult rats

Purpose: There is a growing interest in the usage of radiofrequency radiation (RF) as a noninvasive brain stimulation method. Previously reported data demonstrated that RF exposure caused a change in brain oscillations. Therefore, we aimed to investigate effects of RF on brain oscillation by measuring the auditory response of different brain regions in rats.

Materials and methods: Rats were randomly divided into three groups (n?=?12 per each group): Cage control (C), sham rats (Sh), and rats exposed to 2.1?GHz RF for 2?h/day for 7 days. At the end of the exposure, auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were recorded at different locations in rats. Latencies and amplitudes of AEPs, evoked power, inter-trial phase synchronization, and auditory evoked gamma responses were obtained in response to an auditory stimulus. Furthermore, TBARS levels and 4-HNE, GFAP, iNOS, and nNOS expressions were evaluated in all groups.

Results: Peak-to-peak amplitudes of AEPs were significantly higher in the RF group compared with the Sh group. There is no significant difference in peak latencies of AEPs between groups. Beside, evoked power, inter-trial phase synchronization, and auditory evoked gamma responses were significantly higher in the RF group compared with the Sh group. In addition, the RF group had significantly lower TBARS and 4-HNE levels than the Sh group. There were no significant differences between groups for GFAP, nNOS, and iNOS levels, and between the C and RF groups for all parameters.

Conclusions: Our present findings suggest that short-term RF treatment under chosen experimental conditions have statistically significant effect on neuronal networks of rats by probably reducing oxidative damage. However, this effect must be further studied for possible noninvasive brain stimulation.     

开搏通、氯沙坦对大鼠腹主动脉缩窄后纤溶活性变化的影响

目的：探讨压力对纤溶活性的影响及纤溶活性与肾素血管紧张素系统的可能关系，探寻ACEI及AT1拮抗剂减少心肌梗塞再发生的机理。方法：用发热底物法测定大鼠腹主动脉缩窄后血浆纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1(PAI-1)和组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA）的活性变化以及肼苯达嗪、开搏通、氯沙坦应用后其活性变化。结果：发现腹主动脉缩窄后，随颈动脉压力升高，PAI-1活性升高，t-PA活性降低，纤溶活性降低；应用肼苯达嗪、开搏通、氯沙坦在有效降低压力同时，PAI-1活性降低，t-PA活性提高，纤溶活性提高，且开搏通及氯沙坦改善纤溶活性的作用更明显，此作用二者之间无显著差别；由此推论压力与纤溶活性密切相关，有效降低压力，提高纤溶活性。结论：肾素血管紧张素系统与纤溶系统有潜在的内在联系，ACEI及ATI拮抗剂均能提高纤溶活性。