鼻内镜手术治疗真菌性鼻窦炎

我科1998年7月至2005年6月经鼻内镜手术治疗真菌性鼻窦炎32例,报道如下. 1 资料与方法 1.1 临床资料.患者32例,其中男18例,女14例,年龄24～67 岁,病程3个月至18年.     

真菌性鼻及鼻窦炎的诊断和治疗

真菌性鼻及鼻窦炎（fungal rhinosinusitis,FRS）的治疗随着鼻内镜技术的发展日益趋于早期、微创、综合并具针对性。但由于临床医师对其认识匮乏,加之受诊治条件制约。所以还存在漏诊、误诊、误治以及诊断不准确、分类模糊甚至错误的问题。我们回顾性分析1998年5月至2003年4月收治的25例FRS的诊断治疗资料,报告如下。     

爆发型真菌性鼻窦炎2例

爆发型真菌性鼻窦炎,临床极为少见.现将1998年至2003年间我们经治的2例爆发型真菌性鼻窦炎报告如下.1临床资料例1,男,51岁.十余天来左面部肿胀,左眼周疼痛,左视力下降,高热（38.5℃）.血糖18.9 mmol/L,就诊内科治疗,经抗炎、降糖治疗无好转,患者持续高热,左眼失明.体格检查：左鼻腔大量黑色干痂,鼻窦CT提示左侧全组鼻窦炎,密度均匀增高,有骨质破坏（图1）.     

100例真菌性鼻窦炎的病原菌分析

目的 :探讨引起真菌性鼻窦炎的致病真菌及与临床的关系 ,为临床医师提供诊断依据 ,指导治疗。方法 :对 10 0例真菌性鼻窦炎患者 ,通过行鼻内窥镜手术所取的窦腔内容物送病理诊断的同时 ,行标本直接涂片镜检 ,接种培养 ,菌种鉴定。结果 :直接镜检霉菌阳性 98例 ;接种培养霉菌阳性 37株 ,其中曲霉菌属 31株 ,包括烟曲霉 14株 ,黄曲霉 10株 ,构巢曲霉 3株 ,灰绿曲霉 1株 ,并发现 3株曲霉新种被分别命名为北京曲霉 ,齐祖同曲霉 ,王端礼曲霉。其它种霉菌有少根根霉 1株 ,尖端足分支菌 3株 ,波氏假性霉样真菌 1株 ,链格孢子菌 1株。结论 :真菌性鼻窦炎的致病真菌以曲霉菌属为主 ,其预后与致病菌种和感染类型有一定关系     

侵袭性真菌性鼻及鼻窦炎

近年来越来越多广谱抗菌药物的使用,使免疫功能受抑制的人群增多,导致正常菌群的改变使得鼻腔鼻窦的真菌过度生长.随着临床及实验室诊断技术的发展提高,侵袭性真菌性鼻及鼻窦炎的发病率有增加的趋势.本文就侵袭性真菌性鼻及鼻窦炎的分类、诊断、治疗及预后等方面的研究做一综述.     

改良Gomori六胺银染色法诊断慢性侵袭性真菌性鼻及鼻窦炎

为了能对真菌性鼻及鼻窦炎(fungal rhinosinusitis,FRS)患者进行准确分类和分型,我们采用改良Gomori六胺银染色(Gomori's methenamine silver staining,GMS)法检测了53例FRS患者的鼻腔、鼻窦黏膜及内容物中的真菌,同时进行常规HE染色和高碘酸-希夫(periodic acid-Schiff,PAS)染色,结果报道如下.     

变应性真菌性鼻窦炎研究进展

变应性真菌性鼻窦炎(allergic fungal sinusitis,AFS)是真菌性鼻窦炎的一种类型,有其独特的免疫、病理及临床特点,本文从其命名、流行病学、免疫学和发病机理、诊断和治疗几个方面进行综述.     

侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎及其分型

真菌性鼻窦炎已成为常见病,研究其临床分型对制定治疗方案和评估预后具有重要意义.现就侵袭性鼻窦炎的分型依据、病理学特征、临床表现及治疗原则进行综述.     

鼻内镜手术治疗慢性侵袭性真菌性鼻及鼻窦炎

随着抗生素和激素的广泛应用,真菌性鼻及鼻窦炎有逐年增多的趋势,而慢性侵袭性真菌性鼻及鼻窦炎(chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis,CIFRS)临床上又有其特殊表现,我们对2000～2006年曾行鼻内镜下手术治疗23例CIFRS患者的疗效分析,报道如下.     

鼻内镜手术治疗鼻窦真菌病

鼻腔、鼻窦真菌病以往发病率较低,近年由于诊疗技术的不断提高,其病例报告逐渐增多。各种类型的鼻窦真菌病均缺乏特征性的临床表现,早期诊断和治疗仍存在一定的困难。对1996年2月-2002年12月收治的27例鼻窦真菌病进行分析,以探讨该类疾病的临床特征、诊断和治疗。     

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis is a phenotype of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, characterized by type 1 hypersensitivity to fungi, eosinophilic mucin with fungal hyphae in sinus secretions, and propensity for mucocele formation and bone erosion. Although its differentiation from other forms of chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis with eosinophilic mucin is sometimes problematic, type 1 hypersensitivity is a component of the disease process. Medical and surgical management can be augmented by immunotherapy directed toward the patient's specific allergen sensitivities. The primary rationale for immunotherapy is to control the allergic diathesis that may be contributing to the patient's chronic sinus inflammation.     

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: surgical management

Allergic fungal sinusitis is a newly characterized disease entity that has commanded a great deal of interest over the past 2 decades. As more information is gathered about its underlying etiology, clinical presentation, and response to therapy, the treatment of allergic fungal sinusitis is becoming more refined. Most current treatment protocols for allergic fungal sinusitis are based upon a combined surgical and medical approach. This article addresses pertinent surgical aspects as related to the management of allergic fungal sinusitis.     

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: diagnosis and management

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The proper diagnosis and treatment of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis remain controversial. We discuss recent additions to the literature regarding diagnosis and treatment of this condition. RECENT FINDINGS: There is considerable overlap in the clinical features of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and other forms of eosinophilic mucin chronic rhinosinusitis. Type 1 hypersensitivity and characteristic computed tomographic findings may have predictive value for a final diagnosis of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, patients with which are more likely to have bony erosion than patients with other forms of chronic rhinosinusitis. The decreases in orbital volume associated with expansive allergic fungal rhinosinusitis disease may spontaneously improve after successful treatment. Most patients have detectable fungal-specific IgE in their so-called allergic mucin. Elevated levels of fungal-specific IgG3 are a consistent finding in patients with allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and eosinophilic mucin chronic rhinosinusitis. Antifungal treatment is still considered a treatment option, but further study is needed. SUMMARY: Type 1 hypersensitivity to fungal antigens helps to distinguish allergic fungal rhinosinusitis from other forms of eosinophilic mucin chronic rhinosinusitis. Bony erosion and orbital expansion giving rise to proptosis are prominent features of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Advances in medical treatment will require prospective and controlled trials.     

变应性真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎1例并文献复习

目的:探讨变应性真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎(AFRS)的临床特点与治疗.方法:结合文献复习报告1例AFRS.鼻窦CT表现为云雾状高密度影,鼻窦分泌物涂片可见Charcot-Leyden结晶及真菌菌丝.结果:AFRS患者经鼻内镜手术及激素、局部抗真菌药物治疗痊愈.结论:AFRS的诊断主要依靠病史、特征性的CT表现、病理学、真菌学及免疫学检查.手术、全身的免疫治疗、局部抗真菌药物以及长期随诊在AFRS 治疗过程中十分重要.     

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis infiltrating anterior skull base and clivus

Bone erosion and skull base invasion are often suggestive of a malignant mass in paranasal and nasal cavities. Nevertheless, forms of chronic rhinosinusitis, such as allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS), could mimic malignant features. Here, we report AFRS patient with orbital, anterior cranial fossa, Turkish saddle and clivus erosion. A 48-year-old Caucasian female with history of drug-resistant headache, nasal obstruction and anosmia was referred to our institution. Imaging showed hyperdense featureless tissue with signs of medial orbital wall, cribiform lamina and clivus erosions and encasement of right internal carotid artery. Massive amounts of thick and grayish mucoid material were evacuated during surgery. In case of bony erosion, malignancy should always be excluded. Often the correct diagnosis will be obtained only by operative specimens. AFRS could usually be managed endoscopically. Appropriate medical management of the AFRS should be administered in order to prevent relapses.     

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: current theories and management strategies

The combination of nasal polyposis, crust formation, and sinus cultures yielding Aspergillus was first noted in 1976 by Safirstein,1 who observed the clinical similarity that this constellation of findings shared with allergic bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA). Eventually this disease came to be known as allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFS). As clinical evidence of AFS accumulated, controversy regarding its etiology, pathogenesis, natural history, and appropriate treatment naturally emerged. Despite past and current efforts, many of these controversies remain incompletely resolved, but continuing clinical study has illuminated some aspects of the disease and has led to an improved understanding of AFS and its treatment. Fungi associated with the development of AFS are ubiquitous and predominantly of the dematiaceous family. The eosinophilic host response to the presence of these fungi within the nose and paranasal sinuses gives rise to those clinical manifestations of the disease (nasal polyps, expansile mucocele formation, allergic fungal mucin, etc.). Exposure alone to these fungi, however, appears to be insufficient to initiate the disease. At the present time it is likely that initiation of the inflammatory cascade leading to AFS is a multifactorial event, requiring the simultaneous occurrence of such things as IgE-mediated sensitivity (atopy), specific T-cell HLA receptor expression, exposure to specific fungi, and aberration of local mucosal defense mechanisms. A variety of treatment plans for AFS have emerged, but the potential for recidivism remains well recognized, ranging from 10% to nearly 100%, suggesting the need for continued study of this disease and fueling present controversy. This article is intended to review current data and theories regarding the pathophysiology of AFS, as well as the role of various surgical and nonsurgical forms of therapy.     

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: a report of 8 cases

Eight patients presented with clinical manifestations such as polyps and mucin were reported to have allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFS). Histopathologic sections from tissue samples containing mucin from the paranasal sinuses obtained by endoscopic operation showed scattered hyphal elements within the allergic mucin but no tissue invasion. Associated fungi were 4 cases of Aspergillus flavus; a case each of Aspergillus niger and Bipolaris hawaiiensis, mixed colonization with B. hawaiiensis, and Curvularia lunata; and 1 case of Bipolaris species. Elevated immunoglobulin E level was reported in some patients ranging from (706 to 1969 IU/mL). All patients underwent endoscopic surgery; polypectomy and clearance of all affected sinuses were performed. Medical treatment involved the use of local and systemic corticosteroids. The patients have done well, with no evidence of recurrent disease.     

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: pathophysiology, epidemiology, and diagnosis

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is believed to have a cause similar to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Both are thought to be mediated by both type I (IgE) and type III (IgE-antigen immune complexes) Gell and Coombs reactions. ABPA patients also exhibit unique characteristics, such as HLA-DR2 or HLA-DR5 genotypes, and elevated suppressor T cell activity. While the pathophysiology of AFRS is similar histopathologically, similar immunologic studies have not been as well documented. Most cases of AFRS involve dematiaceous fungi, rather than Aspergillus. A suggested laboratory work-up for the disease is presented.