Colorectal metastasis (liver and lung)

Distant metastases are the major cause of death for colorectal carcinoma patients. Depending on the primary tumor's stage, liver metastases occur in 20% to 70% of patients and lung metastases in 10% to 20%. Unlike many other cancers, the presence of distant metastases from colorectal cancer does not preclude curative treatment. Surgical resection remains the only treatment that can ensure long-term survival and cure in some patients, but only a minority of liver metastases are amenable to surgery. New treatment modalities including portal vein embolization, perioperative chemotherapy and local destruction with cryotherapy or radiofrequency ablation may make more patients suitable for surgical resection of hepatic metastases and may prolong survival in cases of nonresectabilitv. The availability of new active drugs has changed the treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer.     

同种异体原位肝移植一例报告

为一肝脏巨大平滑肌肉瘤患者进行原位肝移植术。供者为一２５岁的男性脑死亡者。供肝用４℃ＵＷ液自腹主动脉灌注，快速切取肝脏，热缺血时间为８分钟。受者用＂Ｙ＂形管建立左侧股静脉、门静脉和左侧腋静脉的体外循环后切除病肝，供肝的肝上下腔静脉、肝下下腔静脉和门静脉与受者的相应血管行端端吻合。术后并发腹腔内出血、急性肾功能衰竭、肺部感染和黄疸等，于术后４７天死于脑溢血。该例移植肝功能良好，未出现排斥反应。应用ＵＷ液灌洗和保存肝脏，快速切取肝脏，能提高供肝质量。术后早期应测定血中环孢素Ａ的浓度，慎用广谱抗生素。     

Dialysis in non-renal organ (liver) transplantation

The renal management of acute hepatic failure and liver transplantation requires an understanding of the features of liver failure and the causes of liver graft dysfunction. The management of any underlying pathology in addition to supportive care is fundamental to successful management and a return to independent renal function. These issues are discussed particularly in relationship to a case history involving a patient presenting with acute fulminant liver failure secondary to a paracetamol overdose who was successfully treated by liver transplantation and continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration. The liver can be successfully transplanted but acute renal failure is a severe complication post-transplantation. Its appearance can be predicted in patients with pre-transplant renal dysfunction, severe graft dysfunction, or both. It may be avoided through careful selection of transplant recipients and correct timing of transplantation. Prevention of renal failure, appropriate patient selection for transplantation and timely procurement of a donor organ are vital for best use of limited donor resources. Treatment success depends on patient and donor selection, skilled surgeons, careful post-operative care, and successful immunosuppression.     

HTK-solution (Bretschneider) for human liver transplantation

Summary The cardioplegic HTK-solution (Bretschneider) has not been used in human liver transplantation as yet. Herein the first results obtained from 14 patients with HTK-preserved liver grafts are presented. The suitability of HTK-solution could be shown. All grafts functioned primarily except one, where initial non-function was obviously due to donor reasons. The early postoperative peak values of transaminases as a sign of ischemic damage were average and similar to the values of other flushout solutions. Using HTK primary function could be achieved even in livers prospectively assessed as only of fair quality, and livers with poor donor function tests (MegX) functioned from the beginning. HTK-solution therefore seems to allow widening of the acceptance criteria for donor livers. It was not the aim of this trial to extend cold ischemic time, but 3 livers with 11 h and 12 h 25 showed immediate function. How far cold ischemic time can be extended is a still open question. All livers were rapidly cooled and homogeneously flushed out due to the low viscosity of HTK-solution. All livers had a soft consistency after perfusion indicating a low degree of cell edema. HTK therefore is an effective solution for liver preservation.

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HTK-Lösung (Bretschneider) und Lebertransplantation —erste klinische Erfahrungen

Zusammenfassung Die kardioplegische Lösung HTK nach Bretschneider ist bisher noch nicht im Bereich der klinischen Lebertransplantation verwendet worden. Hier werden die ersten Ergebnisse von 14 Patienten vorgestellt, denen eine mit HTK-Lösung protektionierte Leber transplantiert wurde. Die Eignung der HTK-Lösung konnte gezeigt werden. Alle Transplantate zeigten eine Primärfunktion mit Ausnahme eines Transplantates, bei dem die initiale Nichtfunktion zweifelsfrei spenderbedingt war. Die höchsten friihpostoperativen Werte der Transaminasen, die als Zeichen des Ischämieschadens herangezogen wurden, waren durchschnittlich und vergleichbar mit den Transaminasenausschüttungen nach anderen Lösungen. Unter Verwendung der HTK-Lösung konnte eine Primarfunktion selbst bei solchen Transplantaten erzielt werden, die prospektiv als solche von problematischer oder geringer Qualität eingeschätzt worden waren, and Lebern mit schlechten Funktionstesten (MegX) funktionierten von Beginn an. Deshalb scheint die HTK-L6sung die Ausweitung der Akzeptanzkriterien für Spenderlebern zu ermöglichen. Es war nicht das Ziel dieser Studie, die kalte Ischämiezeit zu verlängern, aber drei Transplantate mit 11 h and 12 h 25 min nahmen unmittelbar nach Reperfusion ihre Funktion auf. Wie weft die kalte Ischämiezeit ausgedehnt werden kann, ist noch eine offene Frage. Alle Spenderlebern wurden aufgrund der geringen Viskosität der HTK-Lösung schlagartig gekühlt und homogen perfundiert. Alle Lebern hatten eine weiche Konsistenz nach der Perfusion, was kein oder nur ein geringes Zellödem bedeutet. Aus diesen Gründen ist HTK eine effektive Lösung für die Leberkonservierung.

This study was kindly supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

人体原位肝移植一例报告

报告１例人体同种异体原位肝移植手术及术后经过。受者为晚期肝硬化合并门静脉高压症的患者。采用同血型供肝，４℃ＵＷ液行肝脏冷灌注和保存，冷缺血时间１５小时。移植术中无肝期采用体外静脉转流技术，血流动力学变化和肾功能影响甚微。术后无外科手术并发症发生。应用二联免疫抑制治疗方案，中、西医结合有效地控制和逆转了急性排斥反应。受者存活８６天。     

Non-invasive liver elastography (Fibroscan) for detection of cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease

BackgroundCystic fibrosis-associated liver disease (CFLD) is the second cause of mortality in CF. The prevalence is estimated to be 26–45%, but sensitive diagnostic tools are lacking.We investigated whether non-invasive liver elastography (Fibroscan) could serve as a screening tool.MethodsFibroscan measurements were performed in 66 CF patients. Age-specific cutoff values were determined in a control population (n = 59). The measurements were compared to clinical data, biyearly biochemistry and ultrasound.ResultsFibroscan was easy to perform in this patient population. There were 14 patients (21%) with abnormal liver stiffness measurements.Liver stiffness was significantly increased in patients with clinical CFLD (11.2 kPa versus 5.1 kPa), biochemical CFLD (7.4 kPa versus 5.4 kPa) or ultrasonographical CFLD (8.2 versus 4.3 kPa) (p < 0.02 for all).ConclusionsFibroscan is an objective measure and is easy to perform in CF patients, even in children and could provide a valuable tool to detect, and quantify CFLD.     

Peroperative cholangiography in liver trauma (author's transl)

Peroperative cholangiography is the simplest means of assessing pedicular lesions situated in the depth of a traumatic breach in the liver. Its interest is illustrated by a series of 13 cholangiographies which greatly facilitated the therapeutic indications, conservative operation or partial liver removal depending on the lesions encountered. Its use should be more widespread and should reduce the frequency of reoperations following initially inadequate surgical exploration.