无喉患者的言语重建——介绍微型口内式电子喉

根据国际无喉人协会和美国癌瘤学会估计美国行全喉切除术的患者每年约5,000例,累计至今存活的无喉人在3万名以上。根据我国康复医学会无喉人研究协会估计,至今存活的无喉人约在4万名左右。 无喉人言语重建可归纳为以下三种: (一)食管声:食管发声需一定量空气进入食管,有两种方式:一种是吸入,即在肺吸气时食管内产生-10至-15mmHg负压将空气吸入;一种是注气,即用吞咽动作舌根后压注入食管;经萤光电影照相可观察到食管发声良好者系二种方式并用。全喉切除患者50～75％能发食管声,余因手术范围过大,如作颈部廓清术者,放疗后局部形成厚密疤痕者皆不能发声。     

运动饮料“冠力”已批量投产

“冠力”是一种碱性电解质饮料与滋补性饮料相结合的运动饮料,是由广东省体委体育科研所,广东省体育运动技术学院、广东体育医院和广州亚洲汽水厂联合研制成功的。该产品采用了广东体科所自1979年以来     

祛风利咽法治疗慢性喉痒咳嗽临床观察

慢性喉痒咳嗽属于中医内伤咳嗽、久咳、久嗽,因病程较长,故病因复杂,往往是内外合邪,互为因果,造成慢性迂延,反复发作。本研究选取我院460例慢性喉痒咳嗽患者为研究对象,以探讨祛风利咽法治疗慢性喉痒咳嗽的临床疗效和安全性,现报道如下。     

“强力”饮料对大鼠心肌组织化学的影响

“强力”饮料是增强体质的强壮饮料,内含多种氨基酸、微量元素和维生素。临床观察和动物试验已证明可改善人和动物的运动能力。30支Wistar雄性大鼠随机地分为三组:实验Ⅰ组、实验Ⅱ组和对照组。实验Ⅰ组每日服“强力”饮料,实验Ⅱ组每日服水。观察10天后,实验组Ⅰ和Ⅱ配对进行最大游泳试验。左心肌进行了下述组化反应:糖原:Akpase,ACPase ATPase和SDH。结果说明实验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的糖原,AKPase和ACPase之间存在明显的差异。结论为强力饮料可能改善或延缓大鼠运动时心肌缺血。     

抗晕新药“飞赛乐”批量生产

军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所的科研人员研制出一种新型抗晕药——飞赛乐，前不久获得国家一类化学合成新药文号。最近该药交由北京四环制药厂投入批量生产。 该药曾在海军 5个基地舰艇部队值勤作业和 2个舰队出访美国和东南亚的官兵中试服，防晕船总有效率达 88.8％。在南京军区某集团军组织的两次军事演习中， 5万名官兵试用该药后，晕船率由 43.5％下降到 5.5％。在空军飞行学员中进行的抗晕机训练中，“飞赛乐”优于美国空军使用的东莨菪碱。该药不仅药效好、有效期长，而且副作用小、服用简单、成本低廉，深受部队官兵的欢迎。抗晕新…     

新型中药运动饮料“健体灵”在武汉通过鉴定

<正> 由武汉体育学院和湖北中医学院联合研制的新型中药运动饮料“健体灵”(原名“7.24”运动饮料),于1986年3月8日在武汉市通过鉴定。参加鉴定会的有湖北省卫生厅,湖北省卫生防疫站,省体委,武汉市职工医院、湖北中医学院、武汉体育学院、武汉市一轻局,武汉食品工业公司、武汉市饮料三厂的专家、教授近40人。专家们一致认为:该饮料配方科学,检验方法严格可靠,实验与饮用观察效果显著。     

喉全切除术后应用电子喉发音的X线研究

讨论喉全切除术后患者应用电子喉发音的Ｘ线表现，并探讨用电子喉发音的“假声门”。材料与方法：在Ｘ线吞钡透视下动态观察９例无喉者应用电子喉发音时的舌，咽，食管等部位的表现，并摄片分析。结果：发电子喉音时：（１）咽－食管段水平椎体前软组织隆起，增厚明显；（２）下咽腔明显增宽；（３）舌根部与咽后壁粘膜之间的形成一狭窄区；（４）该狭窄区与电子喉最佳放置部位基本在同一水平，在Ｃ２－Ｃ４之间，以Ｃ３为主。     

狗全喉切除后拱式新喉再造的实验研究

全喉切除术后喉功能重建的手术方法有数种，尤其发音功能的重建已有施工成功报道，但在一期重建喉的发音，呼吸，吞咽功能，三者同时达到满意效果方面皆存在一定问题。我科在１９９３年９－１１月进行了一种新喉再造手术方法的实验研究。即切除狗喉后利用颈段气管１－５环，剖开其２、３、４环制成扇状拱形作为新喉的支架，支架背面用甲状软骨膜及多舌骨肌瓣包绕，新喉口设在舌根下呈“一”形。再造的新喉能一期恢复三大功能，效果满     

利凡诺注射液稳定性的研究

对利凡诺注射液处方中的抗氧剂和灭菌时间进行了探讨 ,并采用紫外分光光度法进行稳定性考察。结果表明 :配制时加入抗氧剂焦亚硫酸钠优于硫代硫酸钠 ,放置半年后 ,制剂质量稳定 ,澄明度合格率达 96 .8%     

狗全喉切除后拱式新喉再造的实验研究

对11只实验狗行喉切除,利用颈段气管1～5环、环间剖开2、3、4环至膜部,分开制成扇状拱形作为新喉的支架,支架背面用甲状软骨膜及胸舌骨肌瓣包绕,重建喉腔不须衬垫移植粘膜,不须放置扩张喉模。新喉口设在舌根下,呈横的“一”形,加大了喉口与食道口的间距。术后16天直达喉镜及纤维镜检查见新喉口隐藏在舌根下,随呼吸有开闭动作。术后3周拔除气管套管,再造新喉一期恢复了喉的三大功能,为临床全喉切除后重建新喉开拓了一种有实用价值的手术方法。     

“多耐”运动保健饮料对动物和人体的影响研究

以刺五加、麦冬等为主要成分的多耐运动保健饮料对动物和人体的实验研究结果表明,对改善心肺功能,增强运动能力,活跃细胞代谢和增强免疫功能,均有一定的效果。     

梅参运动饮料对小鼠及竞走运动员抗疲劳作用的研究

本文观察了梅参运动饮料对游泳小鼠及竞走运动员的抗疲劳效果。结果表明：实验小鼠游泳至力竭的时间比运动对照组明显延长，且骨骼肌ＬＰＯ含量也明显降低。实验组运动员服用饮料后血乳酸为４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时的功率明显高于饮用前及对照组，且有氧运动后１５分钟心率恢复比对照组快。     

Optimal fluid replacement during long-lasting exercise in 18°C and 32°C ambient temperature

Seven elite marathon runners ran 60 min at 90–96% of their average competition speed, and 4 triathletes and one cyclist bicycled for 2.5 h at 55–65% of their max V₀₂ at 18°C and at 32°C in a climatic room. They drank 400 ml of either redistilled water or a 9% glucose polymer solution before start and every 15 min during exercise. The gastric emptying rate, sweat loss and metabolites in venous blood were measured. The gastric emptying rate limited the replacement of sweat loss. Despite an optimal fluid intake, the resulting dehydration for a whole marathon at 32°C would correspond to about 3% of body weight when drinking water (and 4.5% with glucose polymer) in the elite marathoner. Impaired performance and increased susceptibility to heat illness can be predicted in warm environments.     

Exercise-associated hyponatremic encephalopathy and exertional heatstroke in a soldier: High rates of fluid intake during exercise caused rather than prevented a fatal outcome

Athletes are often advised to drink in order to “fully replace bodyweight losses” in order to prevent exertional heatstroke (EHS) during exercise in the heat. There is little evidence that “dehydration” in the range experienced by athletes adversely affects thermoregulation or is the exclusive cause of EHS. In contrast it is established that excess fluid intake can cause exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) sometimes associated with encephalopathy (EAHE). As part of a series of experiments to determine optimal fluid replacement during exercise in the heat, we studied a group of exceptionally well-conditioned and heat-adapted members of the South African National Defence Force. A 20 year old male started a time restricted 50 km route-march in a dry bulb temperature that reached 37.5°C (WBGT of 33.6°C, relative humidity of 85%). Pre-march plasma osmolality, serum [Na⁺] and total body water measures indicated euhydration. Fluid was available ad libitum and isotonic sports drinks at 5 km intervals. Fluid intake and core body temperature (Tc) were recorded throughout while he was tracked by a global positioning system measuring distance travelled, position and speed. Comparing the total fluid intake of the soldier (12930 mL) to the rest of the participants (mean intake of 9 038 mL) up to 40 km, it is evident that his intake was 3892 mL (approximately 300 mL h^-1) more than the mean for group. At approximately 17h14 the soldier was found lying by himself at the side of the route, 2.24 km from the finish point. He passed away the next day in a medical care facility. This tragic event provides the valuable opportunity to present data on the pacing, temperature regulation and fluid consumption of an exceptional athlete during the development of a fatal case of combined EAHE and EHS. Pacing, fluid intake, Tc and environmental condition data are presented for 5km intervals throughout the march. We propose a novel hypothesis on the possible contribution of EAHE to the development of EHS.     

Importance of oral fluid intake after coronary computed tomography angiography: An observational study

Background

The prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) after coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is important because patients referred for CCTA often need further contrast exposure such as an invasive coronary angiography. We aimed to examine the effects of oral volume intake on renal function in patients with preserved renal function referred for CCTA.

Methods

We enrolled 180 patients who were referred for CCTA. The serum creatinine (SCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels were measured before, 24 h, and a mean of 4.8 days after CCTA. The amount of unrestricted oral fluid intake for 24 h was checked. The patients were divided into two groups: 106 subjects with a rise in SCr after CCTA (group A); and 74 without (group B).

Results

Significant correlations were observed between the amount of oral fluid intake and the percentage changes in SCr (%SCr) (r = −0.66, p < 0.0001) as well as the absolute changes in eGFR (ΔeGFR) (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001). The percentage of patients showing hemoglobin-A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5% was greater in group A than in group B (29% vs. 18%, p < 0.001). Patients with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% showed higher %SCr and lower ΔeGFR compared to those without it. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the amount of oral fluid intake was the only independent predictor for a rise in SCr (β = −0.731, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Oral volume intake after CCTA is a very simple but important prophylactic procedure for contrast-induced AKI especially in diabetic patients.     

Office-Based Treatment of Adult Obesity

Treatment for obesity often entails frustration for both physician and patient because of the great difficulty of maintaining weight loss over the long term. This article follows the history and treatment of a 40-year-old woman who was surprised when she was diagnosed as obese. The authors describe the terminology, etiology, and physiology of obesity and recommend a combination of diet, nutrition education, exercise, behavior modification, and social support. Though few physicians can offer this comprehensive approach in their office, they can guide patients in choosing an individualized combination of office-based services and community resources.     

壮阳春口服液抗衰老效果的观察

壮阳春口服液在0.75%～1.5%剂量范围内对果蝇的寿命有延长作用。每天口服0.7～2.8ml三个剂量组的大鼠均见老龄大鼠(24月龄)全血超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力有所增高,血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量有所下降,以每天每鼠口服2.8ml组作用最好,而且有增加老龄大鼠卵巢重量的功效。此结果提示壮阳春口服液具有某些抗衰老作用。