婴儿肝炎综合征脑干听觉诱发电位的分析

【目的】探讨婴儿肝炎综合征（infan thepatitis syndrome，IHS）脑干听觉诱发电位（brainstem auditory eyoked potential，BAEP）的变化及其对听觉传导通路的影响。【方法】将67例IHS患儿分为巨细胞病毒（cytomegalovirus,CMV）感染组和非CMV感染组，人院后进行BAEP的检测，并在治疗后5～6个月复查BAEP。【结果】CMV组36例表现为Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波绝对潜伏期（PL）及Ⅲ-V、Ⅰ—Ⅴ波峰间期（IPL）延长为主;而非CMV组31例表现为Ⅴ波PL及Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅰ—Ⅴ波IPL延长为主，二者参数有明显变化。CMV组Ⅴ波反应阈值明显增高。两组患儿经治疗后听力损害均有不同程度的恢复。【结论】IHS患儿尤其是CMV感染者的听觉传导通路有一定程度的损害，BAEP的早期监测有重要意义。     

脑干听觉诱发电位对于巨细胞病毒感染婴儿听力异常的诊断价值

目的 探讨脑干听觉诱发电位(brainstem auditory evoked potential,BAEP)对于巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus,CMV)感染所致的听力异常的早期诊断价值。 方法 选取了200例在中国医科大学附属盛京医院2010年10月-2012年6月间经病原学诊断为CMV感染的婴幼儿进行BAEP的测定。 结果 1)Ⅴ波反应阈异常者68例,共122耳,其中轻度异常100耳(占82%),中度异常17耳(占13.9%),重度异常5耳(占4.1%);2)BAEP异常表现:Ⅰ波消失20耳(占16.4%),Ⅲ波潜伏期延长24耳(占19.7%),Ⅲ~Ⅴ峰间潜伏期延长34耳(27.9%),Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波同时消失6耳(占4.9%);3)Ⅴ波反应阈异常患儿中男性有40例(占20%),女性28例(占14%)。Ⅴ波反应阈异常无性别差异;4)≤3月患儿236耳,听反应阈异常者87耳(36.9%);3~5月患儿86耳,异常者16耳(18.6%);＞5月患儿78耳,异常者19耳(24.4%)。月龄越小,BAEP异常率越高。 结论 CMV感染患儿应常规行BAEP检查,可早期发现是否有听力异常及听力异常的程度和性质。     

腮腺炎脑膜脑炎患儿脑干听觉诱发电位的检测意义

【目的】通过对腮腺炎合并脑膜脑炎(简称腮脑)患儿进行脑干听觉诱发电位(brainstem auditory evoked potential，BAEP)的检测，探讨BAEP在评价腮脑患儿脑损伤及听力状况中的应用价值。【方法】对164例临床诊断为腮腺炎脑膜脑炎的患儿入院后进行BAEP的测定。【结果】164例腮脑患儿中异常BAEP发生率为15．8％(26／164)，表现为：Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ各波潜伏期(PL)延长(74．5％)；Ⅰ—Ⅲ、Ⅲ—Ⅴ、Ⅰ—Ⅴ峰间期延长(18％)；听阈值提高(3．66％)。11例BAEP检测异常的患儿随访复查显示：2例波形恢复正常；其中5例听力障碍者未能恢复(100％)。【结论】BAEP是检测腮脑患儿脑损害及听力状态的重要手段之一，由于耳蜗及听神经损害导致的耳聋为不可逆性，腮脑患儿应做BAEP的筛查。     

华南地区788例孤独症谱系障碍儿童脑干听觉诱发电位的研究

目的 研究华南地区患孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)且听力阈值正常儿童的脑干听觉诱发电位的特征。方法 回顾性分析2013—2018年在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心确诊为ASD儿童的脑干听觉诱发电位结果。将其与年龄及性别分布相匹配(P>0.05)的健康儿童诱发电位的听阈值、波潜伏期、波间期、Ⅰ-Ⅲ/Ⅲ-Ⅴ波间期比值及Ⅴ/Ⅰ波幅比值的异常率进行比较分析。如受试者一侧耳的听阈超过30 dBnHL,则该侧耳BAEP数据将被排除在两组之外。结果 总共纳入符合入组标准的788例患儿及150例健康对照组儿童。ASD组共有1 530耳以及对照组300耳的BAEP资料纳入最终分析。两组入选受试者在90 dB声刺激下均能分化出良好波形。1)ASD儿童的Ⅰ波潜伏期、Ⅲ波、V波潜伏期以及Ⅰ-Ⅲ波间期均较同龄儿童延长,且差异具有统计学意义(Z=-2.006、-3.986、-2.552、-2.405,P＜0.05);2)ASD儿童Ⅰ-Ⅲ/Ⅲ-Ⅴ波间期比值异常率(3.14%)明显高于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001)。结论 ASD儿童脑干听觉诱发电位存在特异性改变,尤其脑干传导时间的异常延长,提示ASD患儿存在脑干功能的障碍,可能导致相关信息传递的损害。     

巨细胞病毒感染婴儿脑干听觉诱发电位124例分析

目的总结分析婴儿巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染对脑干诱发电位（BAEP）的影响。方法回顾性分析124例3月以下CMV感染婴儿BAEP特征,并与86例诱发电位筛查同龄健康婴儿比较。结果感染组Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ潜伏期和Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-V、Ⅰ—Ⅴ峰间期较对照组延长,CMV感染组BAEP异常率明显高于正常对照组（26．6％VS5．8％,P〈0．01）。结论CMV感染可能导致婴幼儿听力障碍,BAEP检测有助于早期发现听觉神经通路受损。     

57例危重症手足口病听觉诱发电位变化及随访

目的检测脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）在手足口病危重病例中的变化,并对异常病例进行随访。方法选择57例手足口病危重症患儿为观察组,进行BAEP检测,并与30例健康对照组进行比较分析。结果观察组BAEP异常率为63.2%（脑干型为主、内耳型次之、混合型最少）,对照组异常率为3.3%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。观察组BAEP除了Ⅰ波外,Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期（PL）及Ⅰ~Ⅲ、Ⅲ~Ⅴ、Ⅰ~Ⅴ波峰间期（IPL）较对照组显著延长,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。BAEP异常病例出院2周后大部分恢复正常。结论BAEP对评估手足口病危重患儿脑功能受损有重要价值,可作为诊断、判断预后及随访指标。     

注意缺陷多动障碍和孤独症谱系障碍患者脑干听觉诱发电位比较

目的 探究注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)和孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患者脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)是否存在异常,及二者之间BAEP的差异。方法 2018年10月—2019年4月于厦门市仙岳医院采用方便抽样法分别抽取年龄6～16岁的ADHD 27例(53只耳)和ASD 26例(52只耳)首诊患儿为ADHD组和ASD组,招募50例(100只耳)健康志愿者作为对照组。使用诱发电位仪对ADHD组和ASD组行BAEP检测,分析两组Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期,Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期及Ⅰ、Ⅴ波波幅异常情况并进行比较。结果 ADHD组和ASD组与对照组相比,异常表现为Ⅰ波潜伏期缩短,Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期缩短和Ⅰ、Ⅴ波波幅升高,其中ADHD组和ASD组的Ⅰ波潜伏期缩短率分别为5.66%和25.00%,Ⅰ波波幅升高率分别为24.53%和50.00%,差异均有统计学意义(χ²=7.601、7.294,P<0.05)。ADHD组与ASD组相比,Ⅰ波波幅显著降低,Ⅴ波波幅与Ⅴ/Ⅰ波幅比值均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.491、-2.205、-3.140,P<0.05)。结论 ADHD和ASD患儿的听觉传导通路存在差异,且Ⅴ/Ⅰ波幅比值差异可作为二者诊断时参考的重要客观指标。     

言语和语言障碍儿童脑干听觉诱发电位分析

【目的】分析脑干听觉诱发电位(brainstern auditory evoked potential，BAEP)在言语和语言障碍儿童中的变化规律及应用价值。【方法】对265例患儿进行BAEP描记，与各年龄组正常标准值比较。【结果】患儿BAEP总异常率为84．5％，其中29．1％为双侧BAEP各波消失：3．4％为单侧BAEP各波消失，伴另侧BAEP各波异常；52．0％为各波潜伏期(PL)、波间期(IPL)异常。【结论】BAEP对于言语和语言障碍儿童的听力损害及传导路径的异常可以提供有用的客观指标。     

智力障碍儿童的脑干听觉诱发电位特点分析

[目的]了解智力障碍儿童脑干及大脑发育,探讨不同类型智力障碍儿童的脑干听觉诱发电位(brainstemauditory evoked potential,BAEP)变化特点,帮助提高智力障碍儿童康复能力及生命质量. [方法]采用儿心量表及韦氏智力量表测试智商,按ICD标准分度.采用美国Nicolet Sprit型诱发电位测试BAEP. [结果] 311名智障儿童,轻度133人、中度145人,重度24人、极重度4人.72.67%的智障儿童BAEP异常,其变化特点Ⅲ、Ⅳ、VPL延长,Ⅴ波振幅降低,IPL各波均延长. [结论]智力障碍儿童BAEP Ⅰ、Ⅴ波幅比及Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ波间潜伏期较正常儿童均有不同程度的延长和降低,不同病种智障儿童的BAEP变化亦不同.     

浅析脑干听觉诱发电位在脑干梗死诊断中的应用

目的研究分析脑干梗死诊断使用脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)检测的临床价值。方法选取2014年1月—2015年1月我院的30例脑干梗死患者作为观察组,为患者提供头颅CT、MRI、BAEP检查,对三种检查方式的阳性率进行分析。选取30例健康体检者作为对照组,对两组的BAEP检测情况进行比较分析。结果此次研究中,BAEP检测的阳性率为83.33%,MRI检测的阳性率为56.67%,CT检测的阳性率为46.67%,BAEP阳性率要比其他两项检测方式高,三组结果对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者Ⅲ波及Ⅴ波潜伏期(PL),Ⅰ~Ⅲ波及Ⅲ~Ⅴ波峰间潜伏期(IPL)延长同对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论脑干听觉诱发电位检查能够应用于脑干梗死患者的检查,其敏感性高,为早期诊断提供了良好的参考信息。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.