HO-1/CO在大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤中的保护作用及硝普钠对其的影响

目的 :研究HO 1/CO系统在内毒素 (LPS)致急性肺损伤 (ALI)中的作用 ,并探讨外源性NO供体硝普钠的保护作用机制。方法 :采用LPS气管内滴入建立大鼠ALI模型 ,32只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组 (S组 )、内毒素组 (LPS组 )、HO 1诱导剂hemin预处理组 (HM组 )、硝普钠治疗组 (SNP组 )。 8h后取材 ,半定量分析肺组织HO 1表达 ,检测肺湿 /干重比、支气管灌洗液 (BALF)蛋白含量、肺组织MDA含量 ,并观察肺组织病理变化。结果 :与S组比较 ,LPS组HO 1蛋白表达显著增强 (P <0 .0 1) ;hemin预处理和硝普钠治疗后HO 1蛋白表达较LPS组增高 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 )。LPS组肺湿 /干重比、BALF中蛋白含量以及组织匀浆MDA含量显著高于S组 (均P <0 .0 1) ,而HM组和SNP组均显著低于LPS组 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。病理形态学 :SNP及HM组病理损伤程度明显轻于LPS组。结论 :HO 1/CO系统参与了LPS致ALI时的肺保护 ;气管内滴注SNP对急性肺损伤的保护作用可能与增强HO 1/CO效应有关。     

缺血预处理对大鼠肠缺血再灌注诱发肺损伤的保护作用

目的探讨肠缺血预处理对大鼠肠缺血再灌注（intestinal ischemia-reperfusion group,IIR）诱发肺损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法雄性SD大鼠24只,体重210~260g,随机分为4组,每组6只：正常对照组（Sham组）、肠缺血再灌注组（IIR组）、肠缺血预处理组（ischemic preconditioning,IPC组）和锌原卟啉（zinc protoporphyrin,ZnPP）＋肠缺血预处理组（ZnPP组）。通过结扎/放松肠系膜上动脉的方法建立大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤模型。再灌注结束后,检测肺组织血红素加氧酶1（heme oxygenase-1,HO-1）的活性、肺组织湿干重比、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性,检测血清肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α）和白细胞介素6（interleukin-6,IL-6）水平的变化,光镜下观察肺组织的结构变化。结果与IIR组比较,IPC组肺组织HO-1活性增强,肺组织湿干重比、MDA含量和细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6水平降低,SOD活性增加,肺组织损伤较轻（P〈0.01）,ZnPP组HO-1活性降低,肺组织湿干重比、MDA含量和细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6水平增加,肺组织损伤较重（P〈0.05或0.01）,SOD活性差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;与IPC组比较,ZnPP组肺组织HO-1活性降低,肺组织湿干重比、MDA含量和细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6水平增加,SOD活性降低,肺组织损伤较重（P〈0.01）。结论缺血预处理对肠缺血再灌注诱发肺损伤的保护作用是通过诱导HO-1活性增加实现的。     

雷帕霉素对脂多糖诱导小鼠急性肺损伤后脾γδT淋巴细胞与肺巨噬细胞相互作用的影响

目的 探讨雷帕霉素(RAPA)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤后脾γδT淋巴细胞与肺巨噬细胞相互作用的影响.方法 6～8周龄健康雄性C57BL/6小鼠24只,随机分为磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)组、LPS组、RAPA组及LPS+RAPA组.气管内注射LPS构建小鼠急性肺损伤模型,采用免疫磁珠法提纯给药1 d后处死的小鼠脾γδT淋巴细胞和肺巨噬细胞,调整细胞浓度为106 个/ml;24孔板分成PBS、LPS、RAPA及LPS+RAPA共4组,每组又分为以下3个复孔:单独培养的脾γδT淋巴细胞、单独培养的肺巨噬细胞及按1:1混合培养的脾γδT淋巴细胞和肺巨噬细胞.24 h后采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定培养上清液中干扰素γ(IFN-γ),肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的浓度;采用实时定量聚合酶链反应法测定培养的细胞中IFN-γ及TNF-α mRNA的表达.结果 LPS组支气管肺泡灌洗液的总细胞和淋巴细胞浓度明显大于PBS组和LPS+RAPA组(P＜0.05).脾脏γδT淋巴细胞与肺组织巨噬细胞按1:1昆合培养时,LPS组上清液IFN-γ高于其他3组(P＜0.05),而TNF-α只高于RAPA组和LPS+RAPA组(P＜0.05).混合培养时LPS组IFN-γmRNA的表达明显高于PBS组和RAPA组(P＜0.05).结论 RAPA能显著抑制小鼠LPS诱导急性肺损伤后脾脏γδT淋巴细胞和肺组织巨噬细胞混合培养时IFN-γ和TNF-α的分泌.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the influences of rapamycin (RAPA) upon the cytokine changes of activated spleen γδT lymphocytes and lung tissue macrophages in acute lung injury of mice induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods A total of 24 healthy male C57BL/6 mice,6 -8 weeks old,were randomly divided into phosphate buffered saline (PBS),LPS,RAPA and LPS + RAPA groups.Acute lung injury was induced by a single intratracheal instillation of LPS in mice.And spleen γδT lymphocytes and lung macrophages were purified by immunomagnetic beads at Day 1.The purified spleen γδT lymphocytes and lung macrophages were adjusted to 106 cell/ml.And 24-well plates were used for 4 groups.Each group were further separated with spleen γδT lymphocytes alone,lung tissue macrophages alone and co-culturing.Supernatant fluid was collected after 24 hours.The expressions of IFN-γ and TNF-o were analyzed by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).And the expressions of mRNA were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction).Results The total cells numbers and lymphocytes numbers of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly higher in LPS group than those in PBS and LPS + RAPA groups (P＜0.05).And the level of IFN-γwas significantly higher in LPS group than that in PBS,RAPA and LPS + RAPA groups by co-culture (P ＜ 0.05).The level of TNF-α was significantly higher in LPS group than that in RAPA gaud LPS + RAPA groups by co-culture (P ＜ 0.05).However,the mRNA of IFN-γ was higher in LPS group than that in PBS and RAPA groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion RAPA inhibits the secretion levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in spleen γδT lymphocytes and lung tissue macrophages in acute lung injury of mice induced by LPS.     

血红素加氧酶-1重组乳酸乳球菌灌胃对内毒素诱导大鼠急性肺损伤的作用

目的:利用基因工程原理合成携带血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)基因的乳酸乳球菌,给正常大鼠灌胃后,观察其对内毒素诱导大鼠急性肺损伤的保护效应。方法:随机将30只健康清洁级SD大鼠分为对照组(LPS组,n=10)、携带HO-1的乳酸乳球菌灌胃组(HO组,n=10,LPS模型建立前24 h灌胃)、拮抗剂组[锌原卟啉(ZnPP)组,n=10,HO灌胃24 h后,LPS模型建立前1 h腹腔注射ZnPP 10μmol/kg];LPS模型建立后4 h取材,比较各组动物支气管灌洗液(BALF)中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性、中性粒细胞(PMN)计数、肺组织湿干重比(W/D)、肺组织MPO活性,并在光镜下观察肺组织病理学改变。结果:与LPS组比较,HO组BALF中MPO、PMN计数和肺组织W/D均降低(P<0.05),肺组织病理学损伤减轻;与HO组比较,ZnPP组BALF中MPO、PMN计数和肺组织W/D均升高(P<0.05),肺组织病理学损伤加重;ZnPP组与LPS组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:预先给大鼠用携带HO-1基因的乳酸乳球菌灌胃,可对内毒素诱导急性肺损伤大鼠产生一定的保护作用。     

高浓度富氢生理盐水对脂多糖诱导大鼠急性肺损伤的作用

［摘要］ 目的探讨高浓度富氢生理盐水对腹腔注射脂多糖诱导急性肺损伤的影响。 方法选取60只清洁级SD雄性大鼠,随机分为空白组、高浓度富氢生理盐水组、脂多糖组、脂多糖+高浓度富氢生理盐水组各15只。脂多糖组、脂多糖+富氢生理盐水组腹腔内注射脂多糖10 mg/kg制备大鼠脓毒症模型。富氢生理盐水组、脂多糖+富氢生理盐水组治疗组在术后即刻、3 h、6 h、12 h、18 h,以5 mL/kg高浓度富氢生理盐水腹腔注射。空白组、脂多糖组给予等量生理盐水腹腔注射。取支气管肺泡灌洗液检测中性粒细胞计数,取肺组织检测丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）活性,Western blot检测肺组织中核因子E-2-相关因子2（nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2,Nrf2）和血红素加氧酶1（hemeoxygenase-1,HO-1）的表达,比较组间差异。 结果与脂多糖组比较,脂多糖+富氢生理盐水组大鼠7 d平均生存时间延长（P＜0.05）;与空白组比较,脂多糖组中性粒细胞计数、MDA含量均明显升高,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性均下降（P＜0.05）,肺组织中Nrf2和HO-1的蛋白表达上升（P＜0.05）;与脂多糖组比较,脂多糖+富氢生理盐水组中性粒细胞计数、MDA含量均减少,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性以及Nrf2和HO-1的蛋白表达均明显增加（P＜0.05）。 结论高浓度富氢生理盐水可延长脂多糖所致脓毒症大鼠平均生存时间,减少肺部炎症细胞、氧化应激,可能通过Nrf2/HO-1通路控制急性肺损伤。     

Heme oxygenase-1 regulates the major route involved in formation of immune hepatic fibrosis in rats

Background Heme oxygenase （HO） plays roles in some liver diseases, but what it does in immune liver fibrosis is rarely reported. We investigated the regulation mechanisms of HO-1 in rat immune liver fibrosis to find routes for intervention. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group （N, n=-12）, fibrosis group （F, n=20）, cobalt protoporphyrin （CoPP） inducing group （Co, n=20） and zinc protoporphyrin （ZnPP） inhibiting group （Zn, n=20）. In groups F, Co and Zn, immune liver fibrosis was established with human serum albumin. At the attacked stage, CoPP （5 mg/kg） and ZnPP （5 mg/kg） were intraperitoneally injected in groups Co and Zn, respectively. After establishment of rat models, the numbers of rats reduced to 11, 15, 17 and 12 in groups N, F, Co and Zn respectively, because of death during the process. HO-1 in liver was detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The indexes of fibrosis were assessed by radioimmunoassay. Concentrations of serum transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinses （TIMP-1） were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatic stellate cell （HSC） and proliferation degree of fibrosis were assessed by pathological examination. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 10.0 software. Results The expression of HO-1 in group F was significantly higher than that in group N, but lower than that in group Co （P 〈0.05）; while that in group Zn was lower than in group F （P 〈0.05）, but still higher than that in group N （P 〈0.01）. Compared with group N, liver functional and liver fibrosis indicators were increased in group F （P 〈0.01）, while comparing to group F, they were decreased in group Co （P 〈0.05） and increased in group Zn （P 〈0.05）. CoPP reduced the extent of hepatocellular injury and hepatic fibrosis in comparison with group F （P 〈0.01）, being the opposite effect of ZnPP （P 〈0.01）. HSC was observed using indirect method and the result showed that the number of HSC in group F increased more than that in groups N and Co, while much less than in group Zn. The concentration of TGF-β1 decreased when HO-1 expressed increasingly （group Co： （3.5±1.0） ng/ml, group F： （7.8±1.3） ng/ml, P 〈0.01） and enhanced （group Zn： （9.6±13.6） ng/ml） when HO-1 presented less （P 〈0.01）. The concentrations of TIMP-1 were （151.1±32.0）, （472.0±34.8）, （232.3±41.3） and （533.2±37.2） ng/g liver wet weight in groups N, F, Co, and Zn, respectively. It was reduced in group Co （P 〈0.01） and increased in group Zn compared with group F （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions Inducing HO-1 expression appropriately may lighten hepatic fibrosis, and in contrast, inhibiting it strengthens the lesion. HO-1 interferes with the main ways to form liver fibrosis.     

七氟烷后处理对脂多糖致急性肺损伤大鼠iNOS/NO通路的影响

目的: 探讨七氟烷后处理对脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）致急性肺损伤大鼠诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）/NO通路的影响及作用机制。方法： 将30只大鼠随机均分为5组,生理盐水组和脂多糖组分别于气管内滴注生理盐水(1 mL/kg)或脂多糖(5 mg/kg);七氟烷0.5,1,2 h组于气管内滴注脂多糖4 h后,即急性肺损伤发生,分别吸入2.4%七氟烷0.5,1,2 h,模拟“后处理”方案。6 h后处死大鼠,取肺组织,行HE染色,观察病理变化;免疫组织化学法测iNOS表达;硝酸还原酶法测NO含量。结果： 与生理盐水组相比,脂多糖组肺泡腔内有大量炎性细胞浸润,肺间质及肺泡腔有严重的水肿、出血,肺泡结构破坏严重。七氟烷组肺组织损伤较脂多糖组明显减轻。脂多糖组肺组织内iNOS蛋白表达和NO含量较生理盐水组明显升高(P均<0.01);七氟烷组iNOS蛋白表达和NO含量较脂多糖组明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),以七氟烷1 h组和七氟烷2 h组下降更明显(P<0.05)。结论： 七氟烷后处理可减轻脂多糖所致大鼠急性肺损伤,其机制可能与抑制iNOS/NO信号通路的激活,减轻炎症反应有关。     

血红素氧合酶-1的诱导对肺缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨血红素氧合酶-1的诱导对肺缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法将40只健康Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为4组：假手术对照（sham）组、肺缺血再灌注（I／R）组（阻断左肺门30min再灌注2h）、氯化血红素（Hemin）组（给予血红素氧合酶-1的诱导剂）与锌原卟啉（ZnPP）组（给予血红素氧合酶-1的抑制剂）。检测各组肺组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,血浆肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）含量,观察肺组织湿干重比（W／D）以及电镜下肺组织超微结构变化。结果Hemin组肺湿／干重比（5．92±0．66）低于I／R组（7．55±0．66）（P〈0．01）,SOD活性（9．2±0．5）高于I／R组（2．8±0．4）（P〈0．01）,TNF-α含量（60．37±8．25）低于I／R组（452．26±22．59）（P〈0．01）,电镜下肺组织超微结构损伤改变明显减轻;而给予ZnPP（ZnPP组）后使上述改变发生逆转。结论血红素氧合酶-1的诱导可有效保护肺缺血再灌注损伤。     

静脉注射全氟化碳预处理与后处理对急性肺损伤大鼠的影响

目的 探讨静脉注射全氟化碳(PFC)预处理与后处理对脂多糖(LPS)致急性肺损伤大鼠的保护作用及相关作用机制.方法 选取24只雄性Wistar大鼠分为对照组(NS组)、LPS组、PFC预处理组(Pre组)和PFC后处理组(Post组).NS组均以等量生理盐水作对照,LPS组经气管内滴注LPS;Pre组于气管内滴注LPS前经股静脉注射PFC;Post组于气管内滴注LPS后经股静脉注射PFC.NS组于气管内滴注生理盐水后6h,LPS组、Pre组与Post组分别于滴注LPS后6h处死动物.比较各组大鼠肺病理学变化,PaO2,肺湿干比(W/D),肺髓过氧化物酶(MPO)及细胞黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)表达情况.结果 应用PFC明显升高PaO2,降低肺W/D比值、MPO活性及ICAM-1表达水平(P＜0.05),而且Pre组较Post组作用更显著.结论 静脉注射PFC对ALI具有保护作用,以PFC预处理效果更为显著,其机制可能与下调ICAM-1表达有关.     

异丙酚对大鼠心肌细胞氧化损伤时血红素加氧酶-1表达的影响

目的 探讨异丙酚对大鼠心肌细胞氧化损伤时血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)表达的影响.方法 培养1周的乳鼠心肌细胞按9×10~4/ml接种在96孔培养板上,每孔0.1 ml,随机分为8组,每组6孔:对照组(C组)、H_2O_2组(H组)、低剂量异丙酚组(LP组)、中剂量异丙酚组(MP组)、高剂量异丙酚组(HP)、低剂量异丙酚+抑制剂组(LP+I组)、中剂量异丙酚+抑制剂组(MP+I组)、高剂量异丙酚+抑制剂组(HP+I组).抑制剂采用ZnPP IX.各组于孵育6 h后,测定心肌细胞丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、线粒体、Caspase-3的活性及HO-1 mRNA表达.结果 与C组比较.其余各组心肌细胞MDA含量上升、SOD含量及线粒体活性降低;H组心肌细胞Caspase-3活性升高、HO-1 mR-NA表达上调;不同剂量异丙酚组心肌细胞HO-1 mRNA表达上调;不同剂量异丙酚组经ZnPP Ⅸ处理后心肌细胞Caspase-3活性升高,均P<0.05或P<0.01.与H组比较,不同剂量异丙酚组心肌细胞MDA含量降低、SOD活性升高、线粒体活性升高,MP组和HP组心肌细胞Caspase-3活性降低、细胞HO-1 mRNA表达上调(P<0.05或P<0.01).与相应剂量异丙酚组比较,经ZnPP IX处理后心肌细胞MDA含量升高、SOD活性降低、线粒体活性降低、HO-1 mRNA 表达下调,MP+I、HP+I组心肌细胞Caspase-3活性增高(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 异丙酚可通过上调HO-1的表-达而减轻H_2O_2导致的心肌细胞损伤.     

大肠杆菌气管注入致急性肺损伤的实验研究

目的：建立气管注入细菌致兔急性肺损伤（ALI）模型,为研究细菌致ALI的致病机制及其治疗提供理论依据.方法：兔分为：细菌注入组（Ⅰ组）,生理盐水注入组（Ⅱ组）,正常对照组（Ⅲ组）.对比观察3组以下指标：血流动力学、呼吸力学、血气分析、支气管灌洗液中的细胞数、蛋白含量、肺组织湿重/干重比及病理检查.结果：Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组比较,上述指标,均有明显差异（P均＜0.05）.结论：通过直接气管注入细菌可建立ALI模型.     

肺泡表面活性物质肺灌洗时机对兔急性肺损伤后动脉氧分压影响

目的:研究盐酸诱导的弥漫性肺损伤后不同时间肺表面活性物质肺灌洗对动脉氧分压的影响。方法:新西兰大白兔麻醉后纯氧机械通气15 min,经气管导管注入0.0 225mol/L的盐酸12 ml/kg,造成急性肺损伤。注入盐酸1 h后,动脉氧分压(PaO2)低于150 mmHg的动物随机分为两个实验组和两个对照组,每组5只,实验组分别在盐酸注入后1 h(T1组)2、h(T2组)采用天然肺泡表面活性物质肺灌洗,对照组在盐酸注入后1 h(C1组)、2 h(C2组)采用生理盐水肺灌洗。注入盐酸前、肺灌洗前、灌洗30 min、灌洗60 min、灌洗90 min、灌洗120 min测动脉血气值、其余时间每1 h监测一次。结果:肺灌洗30 min后T1组PaO2升高至300mmHg以上,随后逐渐下降;T2组PaO2升高到200 mmHg以上,随后呈下降趋势;两组对照组PaO2没有改善。结论:早期采用肺表面活性物质肺灌洗可改善盐酸诱导的肺损伤兔的动脉氧分压。     

苦胆草对博来霉素致大鼠肺纤维化的防治作用

［摘要］目的　探讨苦胆草对博莱霉素致大鼠肺纤维化的防治作用．方法　健康成年SD大鼠40只（200±20）g随机分为4组:正常对照组（未做处理）、生理盐水组（气管滴入生理盐水）、模型组（气管滴入博莱霉素5 mg/kg）和苦胆草干预组［灌胃给予苦胆草片混悬液0.705 g/(100 g.d),2次/d、共5次,末次给药1 h,气管滴入博莱霉素5 mg/kg］．分别于气管内滴注后14 d和28 d处死动物,检测各项指标．采用碱水解法测定肺组织中羟脯氨酸（HYP）含量,HE染色和银染观察肺组织病理变化．结果　与正常对照组和生理盐水组比较,模型组大鼠肺组织HYP含量明显升高（P＜0.01）;与模型组比较,苦胆草干预组大鼠肺组织HYP含量明显降低（P＜0.01）;病理检查发现,模型组大鼠肺组织有明显肺纤维化样改变,苦胆草干预组可明显减轻肺纤维化程度．结论　苦胆草能降低博莱霉素致肺纤维化大鼠肺组织羟脯氨酸含量,减轻肺纤维化程度,有望成为防治肺纤维化的候选药物．     

滴注空气在脂多糖诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤模型建立过程中的作用

目的：研究滴注空气对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤（ALI）模型的影响,为建立更加有效的气管滴注方法提供依据。方法：45只健康雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组、LPS组和LPS+空气组,每组15只。以LPS作为刺激物,LPS组和LPS+空气组小鼠采用暴露式气管滴注方法建立ALI模型,LPS+空气组小鼠行气管滴注前1 mL注射器内预先吸入100 μL空气,对照组小鼠不进行任何处理。气管滴注后24 h进行支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中生化指标检测、细胞分类计数、肺湿/干重（W/D）比值测定和肺组织形态学观察。结果：与对照组比较,LPS组和LPS+空气组小鼠BALF中碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性、总蛋白浓度、总细胞和中性粒细胞数量以及肺W/D比值显著升高（P<0.05）;与LPS组比较,LPS+空气组小鼠BALF中ALP和LDH活性、总蛋白浓度、总细胞和中性粒细胞数量以及肺W/D比值显著升高（P<0.05）。肺组织学观察,与对照组比较,LPS组和LPS+空气组小鼠肺组织均有不同程度的液体积聚、中性粒细胞浸润、充血和出血;与LPS组小鼠比较,LPS+空气组小鼠肺泡腔内积聚了更多富含蛋白的液体、中性粒细胞和红细胞。结论：滴注空气可以用于改进气管滴注方法,建立更加可靠的ALI动物模型。     

Hyperoxygenated solution for improved oxygen supply in patients undergoing lung lavage for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Background At present, the most effective treatment for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis （PAP） remains whole-lung lavage in spite of the usually accompanying severe hypoxemia, which is expected to be prevented by hyperoxygenated solution improving oxygen supply during lavage. In this study, the efficacy and safety of the effect of hyperoxygenated solution were evaluated. Methods Five patients underwent whole-lung lavage over a 28-month period. Each lung was lavaged with hyperoxygenated （HO） and normal saline solution （plain lactated Ringer＇s solution, NO） randomly and alternatively until the reclaimed fluid was clear. Random number was generated by computer before every cycle of lavage. If the number was odd, the patient was assigned to receive a lavage cycle with hyperoxygenated solution （HO group, n=-109）; if the number was even, normal saline solution was used （NO group, n=-115）. Data of saturation of peripheral oxygen （SPO2）, mean arterial pressure （MAP）, central venous pressure （CVP）, heart rate （HR） and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension （PETCO2） were taken down at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240 seconds from the beginning of the instillation of solution, and frequency and volume of unilateral lung lavage were also recorded. Time interval between the leR and the right lung lavage was 1 week. Results No patient was withdrawn from the study due to low SPO2 or leakage. Oxygen pressure was （730.21±7.43） mmHg in the hyperoxygenated solution against （175.73±5.92） mmHg in the normal saline solution （P 〈0.01）. Compared with baseline, 8PO2 increased significantly as the instillation of solution began （P〈0.01）, leveled for about 30 seconds （P 〉0.05）, and then decreased significantly to the lowest at the time of drainage （compared with 120 seconds or peak, P 〈0.01）. SPO2 was higher in HO group than in NO group （P 〈0.01）. There were no significant differences in MAP, HR, CVP and PETCO2 between HO group and NO group （P 〉0.05） and also among different time points （P 〉0.05）. Conclusion During the lung lavage for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, hyperoxygenated solution could significantly improve oxygen supply in comparison with normal saline solution without obvious side effects.     

Heme oxygenase-1 expression in rats with acute lung rejection and implication

This study investigated the expression of hemeoxygenase-1 （HO-1） in rats with acute lung rejection and its implication. A valid rat orthotopic left lung transplantation model （SD rat→Wistar rat） was established by using an improved three-cuff anastomosis technique. The rats were divided into control group, CoPP （HO-1 inducer）-treated group and ZnPP （HO-1 inhibitor）-treated group. The severity of acute rejection was graded on the basis of the morphologic changes of the lung samples stained with HE. The expression of HO-1 protein in lung tissue was detected by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot, and HO-1 mRNA activity was assayed by RT-PCR. The results showed that the expression of HO-1 protein was significantly increased with the acute rejection grading in rats （P〈0.01）. As compared with control and ZnPP-treated groups, the severity of acute rejection was not alleviated and the grade not reduced significantly in CoPP-treated group （P〉0.05）. It was concluded that HO-1 protein might be involved in the pathological process of post-graft acute rejection. The expression of HO-1 protein was increased gradually with aggravation of acute rejection, and HO-1 protein might be used as an index to monitor acute rejection after lung transplantation.     

HO-1在缺血后处理抗肺缺血再灌注损伤中的作用及其对STAT-3表达的影响

目的 研究血红素加氧酶-1（hemeoxygenase-1,HO-1）在缺血后处理（ischemic postconditioning,IPO）抗肺缺血再灌注损伤中的作用机制及其对STAT-3蛋白表达的影响。方法 40只SD雄性大鼠（250-280 g）随机分为假手术组（S）、缺血再灌注组（IR）、缺血后处理组（IPO）及缺血后处理 HO-1抑制剂组（IPO ZnPP）。称重法计算缺血肺组织干/湿比（W/D）,试剂盒检测缺血肺组织MDA水平及MPO与HO-1活性,Western Blot检测HO-1,p-STAT-3蛋白表达水平。结果 与S组比较,IR组大鼠W/D、MDA、MPO、HO-1活性及蛋白表达水平均显著增加,而p-STAT-3蛋白表达水平显著降低,IPO可以逆转上述变化,而HO-1特异性抑制剂可以取消IPO对上述指标的影响。结论 IPO可以通 过促进HO-1活性及蛋白表达的增加从而激活STAT-3信号通路而发挥抗肺缺血再灌注损伤作用。     

脂多糖诱导急性肺损伤小鼠肺脏蛋白质电泳图谱分析

目的 蛋白质双向电泳技术观察气管滴注脂多糖诱导急性肺损伤后小鼠肺组织在蛋白质水平上的改变.方法 小鼠气管内滴注脂多糖制备小鼠急性肺损伤模型,48 h后做小鼠肺CT、肺病理切片及测肺湿/干重比用于观察肺损伤程度;并提取总蛋白,进行双向电泳测定,对获取的蛋白图谱进行分析,寻找差异表达的蛋白质.结果 实验组肺CT显示明显炎症表现;病理切片显示小鼠肺组织水肿充血改变明显,肺泡中有大量红细胞和中性粒细胞浸润,肺损伤评分和肺湿/干重比正常组增加;双向电泳结果显示实验组小鼠比正常组小鼠的肺组织总蛋白数增加,蛋白质点数为(100±2),其中有21个表达的蛋白差异点,通过蛋白质谱鉴定和生物信息检索结果显示蛋白质过氧化物酶6在实验组和正常组中有明显差异, 其可能与急性肺损伤的发生相关.结论 通过向小鼠气管内滴注脂多糖可以诱发急性肺损伤,蛋白质双向电泳结果显示实验组小鼠肺组织中蛋白质过氧化物酶6表达的增加,机制还待进一步研究.     

Pro-apoptotic role of NF-κB pathway inhibition in lipopolysaccharide stimulated polymorphonuclear neutrophils

Objective To investigate the role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway inhibition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated apoptosis of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs).Methods Rats with acute lung injury induced by LPS intratracheal instillation and cultured human venous PMNs were studied. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and gliotoxin were used as NF-κB inhibitors. Additionally, to explore the role of extracellularly regulated protein kinase as an upstream signal in NF-κB pathway on regulating LPS-stimulated PMN apoptosis, PD098059, the specific inhibitor of extracellularly regulated protein kinase, was also applied. The lung injury was determined by protein content and PMN numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. PMN apoptosis was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) end labeling and DNA fragmentation. IκBα degradation was analyzed by Western blot. NF-κB DNA binding activity was detected by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Results (1) The increase of protein content and PMN numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid induced by LPS (100μg per rat) intratracheal instillation were alleviated by PDTC (50, 100, or 200mg/kg, i. p. ) in a dose-dependent manner. (2) PMNs apoptosis in vivo or in vitro was delayed by LPS, and accelerated by PDTC, gliotoxin or PD098059 pretreatment. (3) IκBα degradation and increased NF-KB DNA binding activity mediated by LPS were inhibited by PDTC, gliotoxin or PD098059 pretreatment.Conclusion Inhibition of either NF-κB itself or the upstream signals in NF-κB pathway such as extracellularly regulated protein kinases has therapeutic effect on LPS-induced acute lung injury, in which the dysregulation of PMN apoptosis plays an important role.