农村初中学生患龋与刷牙及进食零食关系的调查

对 175名农村初中学生患龋与刷牙习惯及进食零食关系的流行病学调查。结果患龋率为 70 .2 9% ,龋面均为 2 .63 ,龋均为1.83。刷牙频率低、同时进食零食频率高组的龋均明显高于刷牙频率高且进食零食低组 (P <0 .0 1)。提示口腔卫生保健意识及口腔卫生宣教工作的重要性 ,同时也指出了口腔护理工作的重点所在。     

家长口腔保健知识与儿童患龋情况调查分析

龋齿足影响儿童健康的主要疾病之一.世界卫生组织口腔流行病学资料表明,世界不同地区的龋齿患病率有很大差别.在多数发展中国家呈上升趋势,而在发达国家则逐步下降[1].     

伊通满族自治县中小学生口腔卫生习惯调查分析

随着社会经济的发展，人民生活水平的提高，中小学生口腔卫生健康教育势在必行。2007年5月对本县中小学生口腔卫生习惯进行调查，旨在加强口腔卫生健康教育工作，培养学生从小养成良好的口腔卫生习惯，预防龋齿和牙周病的发生。     

口腔卫生习惯与口臭关系的调查研究

目的 探讨口腔卫生习惯与口臭的关系,了解患者口腔卫生认知的状况,为护士对口臭患者进行个性化口腔卫生宣教提供指导依据,提高口臭的预防和治疗效果,从而提高国民在国际上卫生文明的形象.方法 对牙周科202例患者进行口腔卫生习惯问卷调查,并用感官法(鼻闻)评价口臭程度,将202例患者分为口臭组112例和无口臭组90例,比较口臭组和无口臭组在口腔卫生认知上的差别.结果 2组患者在每日的刷牙次数、时间及是否使用牙缝刷方面比较差异明显.结论 良好的口腔卫生习惯可以减少口臭的发生.

Abstract：

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the oral health habit and halitosis. It can provide an advisory basis for nurse giving individualized oral health instruction to patients of halitosis and can improve the result of prevention and treatment for halitosis accordingly. Methods 202 patients with periodontal disease were chosen to participate in this study. The study included the questionnaire of oral health habit and the halitosis diagnosis by organoleptic assessment.Comparisons of difference in the knowledge of oral health habit between the subjects with and without halitosis were conducted. Results Brushing times in subjects without halitosis were significantly more than that in subjects with halitosis. Brushing teeth in evening and interproximal brush usage were much better in subjects without halitosis than that in subjects with halitosis,respectively. Conclusions Good oral health habits could decrease the incidence of halitosis.     

社区学龄前儿童患龋状况调查

为了解本社区内学龄前儿童龋病发生情况，做好社区内儿童龋病的防治工作，我院1996年4月至1997年4月对本社区1568各学龄前儿童进行了患龋状况调查．现将结果报告如下。     

口腔干预对混合牙列期儿童口腔卫生习惯的影响

[目的]评价口腔干预措施对儿童口腔卫生习惯改善的效果,并为防治儿童龋病提供科学依据.[方法]采用分层随机抽样的方法抽取小学生180名,由口腔卫生干预小团队对其进行口腔卫生干预,调查其干预前后口腔卫生习惯改善情况.[结果]通过口腔干预,180名儿童的各种口腔卫生习惯均有改善（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.[结论]儿童的口腔卫生习惯较差,通过口腔卫生干预小团队对其及其父母进行口腔干预,能改善儿童及其父母的口腔卫生习惯.     

西安市学龄前儿童口腔卫生和龋病关系的调查

目的了解西安市学龄前儿童龋病流行情况以及龋病与口腔卫生的关系,以指导今后乳牙龋病防治工作。方法随机在西安市抽取5所幼儿园,按统一标准对2307名4～6岁学龄前儿童进行龋病检查及口腔卫生评估。结果被调查者乳牙患龋率为56．4％,龋均（2．35±3．049）,口腔卫生良好者患龋率明显低于口腔卫生差者。结论学龄前儿童仍为龋病高发年龄,口腔卫生和龋齿发病密切相关,需要增强儿童口腔保健意识以达到促进儿童健康成长。     

替牙期儿童龋齿与饮食及口腔卫生习惯关系分析

目的：研究替牙期乳恒牙的龋坏情况和饮食习惯、口腔卫生习惯的关系。方法选择盐城市亭湖区某小学8～11岁学生212名进行口腔龋齿检查和学生甜食摄入习惯、口腔卫生保健习惯问卷调查。分析儿童龋齿指数与饮食习惯、口腔卫生习惯的关系。结果212名学生乳牙龋失补牙面数（dmft）为（6．21±0．52）颗,恒牙龋失补牙面数（DMFT）为（2．21±0．27）颗。进食糖果、巧克力、含糖软饮料、冷饮、水果的学生乳牙dmft分别为（5．98±0．62）,（6．12±0．68）,（5．64±0．57）,（6．78±0．71）,（4．68±0．51）颗,差异有统计学意义（F＝154．71,P＜0．05）;恒牙DMFT比较差异有统计学意义（F＝314．99,P＜0．05）;进行甜食频率高的学生乳牙dmft、恒牙DMFT高于进食水果和进食频率低的学生,差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为37．62,125．15;P＜0．05）。每日刷牙3次和进食甜食后刷牙的学生的乳牙dmft、恒牙DMFT均低于刷牙次数少、漱口或者无口腔保健措施的学生,差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论饮食中甜食摄入量和频率、口腔卫生习惯均与替牙期儿童龋齿的发生有一定的影响。     

Hand hygiene education of Greek medical and nursing students: A cross-sectional study

AimTo investigate medical and nursing students’ education on hand hygiene, their attitude on hand hygiene education and how this education influences their hand hygiene knowledge and practices.BackgroundHospital-acquired infections are associated with prolonged hospitalisation and mortality. The most effective measure for their control is healthcare workers’ hand hygiene compliance. Since medical and nursing students constitute the future healthcare workers, our study focuses on them.DesignCross-sectional studyMethodsThis study was conducted during the academic year 2016–2017, using a modified World Health Organisation questionnaire. Our sample consisted of 132 medical and 111 nursing students from National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece. In data analysis, the Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s exact tests were applied to compare differences in continuous variables and proportions in categorical variables, respectively. Knowledge and practices overall scores were calculated per student group. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the influence of potential confounders on these scores.ResultsWe found that 73.1% of medical and 98.2% of nursing students had received relevant education, which was reported as “only theoretical” by 77.4% of the former and as “hands-on and theoretical” by 88.1% of the latter group. Besides the risk of infection, knowledge acquired in lectures and trainer’s behaviour were also considered very influential factors shaping hand hygiene attitude in both groups. Overall, medical students reported better hand hygiene practices than nursing ones (69.9% and 59.7%, respectively; p < 0.001). The opposite finding was observed regarding their overall knowledge on hand hygiene (57.2% of medical versus 60.4% of nursing students, p = 0.04). The majority of students (86.6% of all participants; p < 0.001) supported the inclusion of compulsory hand hygiene education in their curriculum. Compulsory education and seminars were assessed as the most effective measures to increase hand hygiene compliance (71.4% of all students).ConclusionIn our study, medical students scored better in practices questions than nursing students; this did not apply for the knowledge score. The majority of students supported the inclusion of compulsory education on hand hygiene principles in their Departments’ curricula, highlighting compulsory education and seminars as the most effective measures to increase compliance with hand hygiene.     

台州市中小学生龋齿流行病学调查分析

目的了解台州地区中小学生龋齿患病情况,为制定口腔保健规划提供依据。方法抽取台州市2所中小学2502名学生,其中男生1501名,女生1001名;年龄7～17岁。口腔检查按照《全国学生常见病综合防治方案技术规范》进行;龋齿诊断采用世界卫生组织(WHO)龋病诊断标准。结果中小学生总患龋率为37．41%,初中生(25．51%)低于小学生(53．63%)和高中生 (31．01%),P＜0．05。患龋率最高的是9岁年龄组,达68．18%,后随年龄增加而逐渐下降,14岁以后略有回升。受检者龋均为0．86颗,患者龋均2．29颗。男女生息龋差异无统计学意义(P＜0．05)。龋齿总充填率为22．70%,小学生(7．00%)＜初中生(37．31%)＜高中生(48．00%),P＜0．05;女生 (26．23%)明显高于男生(20．30%),P＜0．01。结论学生龋齿患病率较高,龋齿充填率较低;口腔卫生知识的宣传教育和防治措施的落实需大力加强。应在学生中定期开展龋齿普查,做到早检查、早发现、早预防、早治疗。     

Nomogram prediction of caries risk among schoolchildren age 7 years based on a cohort study in Shanghai

ObjectiveCaries risk assessment tools are essential for identifying and providing treatment for individuals at high risk of developing caries. We aimed to develop a nomogram for the assessment and evaluation of caries risk among Chinese children.MethodsWe enrolled schoolchildren age 7 years from a primary school in Shanghai. Baseline information of participants was collected using a questionnaire completed by children’s caregivers. A nomogram of a novel prediction scoring model was established based on predictors detected in univariate and multivariate analyses. Predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were calculated using the concordance index (C index). The bootstrap method (1000 samples) was used to decrease overfitting. The net benefit of the model was validated using decision curve analysis.ResultsOverall, 406 children with complete information and two completed dental examinations were included in the final analysis. The nomogram based on logistic regression model coefficients demonstrated a C index of 0.766 (95% confidence interval: 0.761–0.771) for caries risk. The net benefit of the decision curve analysis was 38.6% at 55% threshold probability.ConclusionThis nomogram model, derived using dietary habits, oral hygiene status, and caries experience, showed promising predictive ability to assess the caries risk among Chinese children.     

乳磨牙深龋和牙髓炎的早期根管治疗

目的探讨乳磨牙深龋和牙髓炎早期根管治疗术的可行性,以便更好地保持乳牙列完整和恒牙的正常萌出。方法挑选门诊5岁左右儿童59颗第二乳磨牙深龋和牙髓炎早期行根管治疗术,随访1～3年,了解成功率,并对样本进行χ2检验分析。结果对第二乳磨牙深龋和牙髓炎早期根管治疗成功与失败病例的对比分析发现,乳磨牙深龋和牙髓炎早期根管治疗术是有效的。3年随访显示治疗成功48例(81.4%),失败11例。结论为更好地预防儿童龋病,保存乳牙,维持完整的乳牙列,可对乳磨牙深龋和牙髓炎早期行根管治疗。