冠状动脉心肌桥的临床和预后分析

冠脉造影2871例中,检出心肌桥35,检出率为1.22％。心肌桥前段血管粥样硬化组的肌桥收缩期狭窄程度为(68±15)％,无粥样硬化组为(54±14)％(P<0.01),心电图异常组的肌桥收缩期狭窄程度(63％±13％)重于心电图正常组(49％±13％,P<0.05),但与心绞痛的典型(58％±15％)与否(54％±15％)关系不大,左室肥厚者的肌桥收缩期狭窄程     

肺炎衣原体抗体IgA和CRP与冠状动脉粥样硬化及再狭窄的相关性研究

目的探讨肺炎衣原体感染和炎症对冠状动脉粥样硬化和支架内再狭窄的影响.方法628例接受冠状动脉造影检查的患者根据造影结果分为冠状动脉粥样硬化组(n=433)和非冠状动脉粥样硬化组(n=195),记录两组基线临床资料、检测血清肺炎衣原体抗体IgA及C-反应蛋白(CRP).92例放置冠状动脉内支架的患者分感染组(n=49)和非感染组(n=53),随访0.5年,再次冠状动脉造影检查,测量支架内管腔丢失率.结果冠状动脉粥样硬化组肺炎衣原体抗体IgA的阳性率及滴度均高于非动脉粥样硬化组(48.32%,26.1%,P=0.000;1.31±1.19,0.92±1.12,P=0.000);血清CRP水平明显升高(34.67±3.24,23.22±3.27,P=0.008),且随着病变程度加重而增加.肺炎衣原体感染组和非感染组内膜增厚发生率分别为(64.7%,63.3%,P=0.909),差别无显著性.但有内膜增厚者血清CRP水平明显高于无内膜增厚者(36.13±4.04,16.51±3.92,P=0.042).结论肺炎衣原体感染与冠状动脉粥样硬化相关,但不能预示支架内再狭窄的发生;而炎症标志物与冠状动脉粥样硬化和再狭窄的发生均相关,提示炎症反应不仅在动脉粥样硬化而且在支架内再狭窄的发生中扮演重要角色.     

心肌桥对冠脉支架内再狭窄的影响

目的 探讨心肌桥对冠脉支架内再狭窄及主要不良心脏事件发生的影响.方法 选择近3年来72例在我院因冠脉粥样硬化狭窄而行择期植入雷帕霉素洗脱冠脉支架(CypherTM)的冠心病患者,其中合并心肌桥组患者23例,无心肌桥组患者49例.两组患者术后均正规治疗并随访记录主要不良心脏事件,术后6～8个月内复查冠脉造影.结果 合并心肌桥组患者支架内再狭窄发生率为30.4%(7例),而无心肌桥组发生率为10.2%(5例),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Logistic回归分析表明心肌桥是支架内再狭窄的强影响因素,其比值比是1.955,95%可信区间为1.154～3.314,P=0.0127.合并心肌桥组患者主要不良心脏事件发生率明显高于无心肌桥组患者(65.2%和18.4%,P＜0.01).结论 合并心肌桥的冠心病的患者支架内再狭窄及主要不良心脏事件发生率较高,心肌桥可增加支架内再狭窄发生率.     

心肌桥对冠状动脉粥样硬化的作用

目的:探讨心肌桥与冠状动脉粥样硬化病变之间的关系。方法:回顾性分析冠脉造影术中检出的心肌桥患者92例的冠脉病变与临床资料。结果:1500例冠脉造影患者检出心肌桥92例,检出率6.1%;心肌桥近段冠状动脉粥样硬化病变发生率71.7%,远段冠状动脉粥样硬化病变发生率10.9%,两者差异有显著性（P<0.01）。结论:心肌桥可能导致冠状动脉心肌桥近段冠脉粥样硬化病变。     

冠状动脉内支架置入治疗心肌桥

目的　探讨冠状动脉内支架置入治疗心肌桥的方法及疗效。方法　 4例心肌桥患者都有胸闷症状及发作性心电图的缺血性ST T改变 ,冠状动脉造影示病变血管均于前降支 ,心脏收缩时血管狭窄 75 %～ 90 % ,2例舒张期血管完全正常 ,2例舒张期血管仍分别有 2 5 %～ 40 %的狭窄 ,病变长度为 10～ 18mm。患者均于心肌桥处直接置入支架 ,1例为Crossflex支架 ,3例为Nir支架。结果　支架置入后即刻造影示心肌桥压迫影像消失 ,术后患者无胸闷发作 ,随访 6～ 18个月症状未复发 ,2例患者分别于术后 12个月及 14个月复查冠状动脉造影无再狭窄。结论　对药物治疗无效、受压血管节段不长的心肌桥患者支架置入治疗是一可选的治疗方法 ,尤其对同时伴有动脉粥样硬化的心肌桥患者更为适用。其远期疗效仍需更多的病例研究证实。     

介入治疗心肌桥和心肌桥并发严重冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的疗效观察

目的：观察介入治疗心肌桥和心肌桥并发严重冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的疗效。方法选择2009年4月-2012年4月来我院经双源 CT 冠状动脉成像（CTA）证实的心肌桥和心肌桥并发严重冠状动脉粥样硬化病变患者120例,将其分为观察组（64例）和对照组（56例）,两组患者应用雷帕霉素涂层冠状动脉支架,行介入治疗,观察两组患者疗效。结果两组患者均成功实施了支架治疗,两组患者在手术结束9个月内,观察组发生再狭窄5例（7.81％）,对照组发生再狭窄19例（33.93％）,观察组再狭窄发生率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;在造影复查中两组的相关管腔内径差异无统计学意义,但是最小管腔内径观察组（2．26 mm±0．58 mm）要大于对照组（1.45 mm±0.37 mm）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。随访期间所有患者均无不良心血管事件发生。结论对于单纯肌桥病变的患者行介入治疗,再狭窄发生率较高,但对于心肌桥并发严重冠状动脉粥样硬化病变,应用支架置入术治疗心肌桥近端的血管严重病变,其疗效不受心肌桥影响,再狭窄发生率较低。     

急性心肌梗死冠状动脉内长支架置入术临床疗效

目的评价急性心肌梗死相关动脉弥漫或长病变置入长支架的临床疗效.方法对105例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行原发冠状动脉内支架术.将57例AMI患者梗死相关动脉弥漫或长病变置入冠状动脉内支架长度≥20mm为长支架组(A组),另48例梗死相关动脉病变相对较短,置入支架长度<20mm作为对照组(短支架组,B组).比较两组之间的临床特征、冠状动脉造影情况及置入支架后的临床效果.结果A组与B组之间有关年龄、性别、发病开始至心导管室时间、心肌梗死部位、心功能Killip分级、冠状动脉病变支数、具体梗死相关动脉病变血管和支架置入前梗死相关动脉血流TIMI分级,两组之间无统计学差异.A组患者侧支循环形成及经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PT-CA)后严重夹层形成明显多于B组.A组患者支架置入长度明显长于B组[(26.02±4.77)mm比(16.02±2.40)mm,P<0.001].两组之间置入支架直径无统计学差异.A组支架置入成功率为96.5%,与B组95.7%相似.支架置入后A组TIMI血流3级为93.3%,与B组的91.7%相比,差异无显著性.A组中有1例患者术后3 d支架处血栓形成.A组中51例和B组中41例患者术后随访1～39个月,其中A组中3例及B组中4例因心绞痛再次入院行冠状动脉造影检查,A组1例为再狭窄,2例为非梗死相关动脉严重狭窄;B组1例再狭窄,3例为非梗死相关动脉严重狭窄,其余85例无死亡及心肌梗死等心脏事件.结论 AMI梗死相关动脉弥漫或长病变置入长支架与梗死相关动脉短病变置入短支架一样,具有成功率高、并发症低,临床疗效确切.     

心肌桥与心血管危险因素和冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系研究

目的分析冠状动脉心肌桥的临床特点。方法回顾性分析1657例冠状动脉造影检出的306例前降支心肌桥患者的临床特点。根据冠状动脉心肌桥段收缩期压迫程度分为两组:A组(166例):收缩期压迫50%;B组(140例):收缩期压迫≥50%。对比两组患者心血管危险因素以及冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生率。结果306例前降支心肌桥近段血管动脉粥样硬化发生率为43.46%,远段血管动脉粥样硬化发生率为1.96%,两者差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者年龄、性别、高血压、高脂血症、家族史、吸烟史方面比较均无统计学意义(P0.05);A组糖尿病的发生率高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);B组与A组相比,心肌桥近段血管动脉粥样硬化发生率明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论糖尿病作为冠心病的危险因素在心肌桥收缩期压迫50%的患者中发生率显著增高,可能与其加重了壁冠状动脉的内皮功能不全有关。心肌桥近段冠状动脉更易发生动脉粥样硬化;心肌桥的压迫程度较严重的患者,心肌桥近段动脉硬化的发生率较高。     

冠状动脉支架5毫米以外近端与远端再狭窄的比较研究

目的:探究支架通畅情况对支架近远端5mm以外的节段血管节段的动脉粥样硬化进展的影响。方法:回顾性分析支架置入术后行冠状动脉血管造影(coronary angiography,CAG)的患者78例,分为支架无狭窄组与支架再狭窄组,收集两组支架两端5mm以外血管节段的粥样硬化进展情况。结果:支架无狭窄组,支架近端5mm以外血管节段的Gensini积分小于远端血管节段[53.2(27.6,75.1)vs.70.1(32.1,83.1)分,P<0.01];而在支架再狭窄组,两者无明显差异[54.7(23.1,74.2)vs.59.3(24.6,80.1)分,P>0.05]。同时支架无狭窄组,支架近远端5mm以外血管节段粥样硬化发生率高于支架再狭窄组(50.6%vs.23.1%;P<0.05)。结论:支架远端5mm以外血管节段粥样硬化较易出现于无狭窄时,且远端狭窄程度多大于其近端。     

心肌桥与无心肌桥者在冠状动脉粥样硬化过程中危险因素的差异

目的:探讨冠状动脉(冠脉)粥样硬化的危险因素对心肌桥和无心肌桥患者在冠脉粥样硬化形成过程中影响的差异。方法:回顾性分析心肌桥合并冠脉粥样硬化患者78例(A组),无心肌桥的冠脉粥样硬化者73例(B组),再进一步将A组根据心肌桥在收缩期的狭窄程度分为A1组和A2组,比较A组与B组、A1组与A2组的冠脉粥样硬化危险因素的差异。结果:A与B组、A1与A2组在年龄、胸痛、BMI等方面差异无统计学意义。A与B组在餐后2h血糖、低密度脂蛋白等方面差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A1与A2组在收缩压、低密度脂蛋白等方面差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:心肌桥者因其特殊结构而较无心肌桥者更易受危险因素的影响而形成冠脉粥样硬化,更早干预和更严格控制心肌桥者的危险因素可能有利于预防和延缓冠脉粥样硬化的形成和进展。收缩期狭窄率越重其所需形成粥样硬化的危险因素越少,心肌桥收缩期狭窄程度可能是粥样硬化过程中重要的影响因素。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.