局部晚期贲门癌三维适形放疗与调强放疗的剂量学比较

目的:比较局部晚期贲门癌三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)与调强放疗(IMRT)对靶区剂量分布及周围正常组织的影响,为临床应用提供参考.方法:选择晚期贲门癌患者11例,每例患者分别设计3D-CRT计划及IMRT计划,IMRT计划采用7个共面等间距射野.以54 Gy为PTV的处方剂量,用等剂量曲线和剂量体积直方图(DVH)评价两种治疗计划对靶区剂量分布及周围正常组织的影响.结果:两种计划相比,IMRT计划靶区的适形指数和均匀性指数分别为0.762±0.045和1.113±0.017,3D-CRT计划靶区的适形指数和均匀性指数分别为0.663±0.043和1.142±0.029,P＜0.05,IMRT计划优于3D-CRT计划.3D-CRT计划与IMRT计划PTV的V100分别为(95.85±2.07)％和(96.72±1.48)％,P=0.024;D100分别为(51.08±0.65)和(51.83±0.44) Gy,P=0.000,IMRT计划优于3D-CRT计划.而PTV的V95及D95两种计划相比差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.IMRT计划的左肾V15、肝脏V20、肝脏平均受量和脊髓最大受量分别为(19.05±3.66)、(29.79±4.70)、(12.65±1.71)和(37.54±1.66) Gy,3D-CRT计划的分别为(22.99±4.14)、(38.14±5.91)、(15.09±2.06)和(41.19±1.72) Gy,IMRT计划明显低于3D-CRT计划,P＜0.05;而右肾V15、心脏平均受量IMRT计划略高于3D-CRT计划,差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.结论:对于局部晚期贲门癌,IMRT计划较3D-CRT计划有明显的靶区剂量分布优势,同时可以减少脊髓、肝脏和左肾的器官受照剂量.     

胃癌术后IMRT与常规对穿及适形照射剂量学的比较

目的比较胃癌术后常规放射治疗与适形及调强（IMRT）治疗技术在同一处方剂量（45 Gy）时的剂量分布特点,为临床提供参考。方法选取9例胃癌术后患者,在CT图像序列上勾画出临床靶区（CTV）,CTV外放1 cm定义为计划靶区PTV,对PTV分别用常规两野对穿、适形5野及5野调强照射技术进行计划设计。所有方案处方剂量均为45 Gy,要求95%体积PTV接受45 Gy剂量,IMRT与适形计划采用优化以保证≥95%的PTV接受45 Gy的处方剂量,99%的PTV接受42.75 Gy。根据剂量体积直方图（DVH）比较PTV受量和正常器官的受量差异和剂量分布,并计算正常组织并发症概率（NTCP）。结果IMRT能够产生优于常规及适形的靶区剂量分布,均匀性及适形度明显优于常规对穿照射。IMRT的左肾受23 Gy剂量的体积百分比（V23）明显低于常规及适形技术,从脊髓剂量来看,IMRT的脊髓最大剂量为（39.3＋2.3）,小于40 Gy,明显优于常规前后对穿及适形照射技术,并相应减少脊髓的NTCP值。结论IMRT相对于常规对穿照射及适形照射具有明显的靶区剂量分布优势,可以减少肾脏、脊髓等正常组织器官的照射体积百分比及NTCP值。     

胃癌术后辅助放疗不同照射技术的剂量学对比研究

目的:比较胃癌术后常规放疗(CRT)、三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)和调强适形放疗(IMRT)对靶区剂量分布及周围正常组织的影响,探讨胃癌术后放疗较理想的治疗模式.方法: 选择15例胃癌术后患者,每例各设计3种放射治疗计划:CRT、3D-CRT及IMRT.规定临床靶体积(PTV)接受≥95%处方剂量(45 Gy).比较靶区相关参数D95、V95、适形指数(CI)及肾脏、肝脏和脊髓受照射剂量-体积和正常组织并发症概率(NTCP)的差异.结果: 1)3种照射模式的D95、V95及CI的均值分别为44.5、44.9和44.5 Gy;98.3%、98.7%和98.2%;0.84、0.85和0.83,三者差异均无统计学意义,P>0.05;2)比较双肾在低剂量区(5～10 Gy)受照射体积,CRT明显低于3D-CRT及IMRT(P<0.05).采用IMRT后明显降低中高剂量区(15～47.5 Gy)肾脏体积,P<0.05;3)IMRT明显降低肝脏 30～47.5 Gy剂量区受照射体积(P<0.05),但在低剂量区(V5～V25)稍高于CRT和3D-CRT(P>0.05);4)3种计划中脊髓低剂量区(5～25 Gy)受照射体积差异无统计学意义,P>0.05,而在V30～V45区域CRT明显偏低,P<0.05;5)比较肝脏和双肾并发症概率,IMRT<3D-CRT相似文献   

三维适形与调强放疗技术在胃癌术后放疗中的剂量学比较

目的比较胃癌放疗中三维适形放疗(3DCRT)和调强放疗(IMRT)技术的剂量学差异,为临床应用提供参考。方法采用3DCRT治疗的5例胃癌术后患者,放疗时使用了主动呼吸门控技术,以减少呼吸引起的器官运动。IMRT计划采用7个共面等间距野,仅用于剂量学比较。患者靶区设定的处方剂量为至少95%计划靶体积(PTV)接受45.00 Gy,至少99%PTV接受42.75 Gy。根据积分剂量体积直方图(DVH)比较PTV受量和相关正常器官的受量差异和剂量分布。结果与IMRT相比3DCRT的剂量均匀性和适形度略差,但两者在PTV受量上剂量相似。对左、右肾受15 Gy剂量的体积百分比(V_(15))而言,3DCRT好于IMRT;从正常肝的平均受量及V_(30)上看,IMRT稍优于优势;在脊髓的受量上两者相似。结论3DCRT技术在主动呼吸门控辅助下,PTV和部分正常器官的受量上可接近或者达到采用相等野数的IMRT的结果。     

单发脑转移性癌IMRT与3D-CRT剂量学对比分析

目的 探讨调强放疗(IMRT)用于单发脑转移性癌治疗的可行性,并评价其相较于三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)是否具有剂量学优势.方法 取10例单发脑转移性癌患者行体位固定、CT扫描及靶区勾画,分别对每例患者行三维适形放疗(全脑2野对穿+3野局部加量)及5野调强放疗(IMRT)计划设计,分析两种放疗计划的剂量体积直方图,比较两种放疗计划的靶区适形度、均匀指数,靶区剂量、靶区覆盖情况及各个危及器官的受照射剂量.结果 IMRT计划与3D-CRT计划相比显著提高了PTV-G和PTV-C的适形指数(P＜0.05),而在靶区均匀指数(HI)方面,IMRT计划与3D-CRT计划未表现出统计学差异(P＞0.05).对于危及器官,IMRT计划显著降低了脑干、视交叉和脑垂体的最大受照射剂量(P＜0.05).结论 对于单发脑转移性癌,IMRT和3D-CRT两种计划均能满足合适的靶区覆盖率,均能达到放射治疗的要求,IMRT计划相对于3D-CRT计划有更好的靶区适形性.IMRT计划还可以降低脑干、视交叉和脑垂体的受照射剂量.     

左侧乳腺癌改良根治术后胸壁调强放疗和三维适形放疗临床剂量学研究

目的探讨左侧乳腺癌改良根治术后胸壁调强放疗(IMRT)和三维适形放疗(3D-CRT的剂量学研究。方法选取2013年1月至2018年10月间梧州市人民医院和桂东人民医院收治的Ⅲ、Ⅳ期左侧乳腺癌改良根治术后需胸壁照射的18例患者,采用CT定位和Eclipse6. 5治疗计划系统对患者进行IMRT和3D-CRT放疗计划设计和剂量计算,处方剂量均为5000cGy/25次,比较两种计划的靶区剂量学分布及危及器官(心脏、肺健侧乳腺、脊髓等)受照剂量分布。结果 IMRT计划中PTV的Dmin、Dmean、D95和V95优于3D-CRT计划,Dmax、D5、V105和V110均低于3D-CRT计划,CI和HI优于3D-CRT计划,两者比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。IMRT计划中,PTV低剂量照射体积左肺V5、V10和右肺Dmean均高于3D-CRTPTV,而高剂量照射体积IMRT计划中PTV左肺V20、左肺Dmean和全肺Dmean均低于3D-CRT的PTV,IMRT计划中PTV的心脏V10、心脏V30、心脏Dmean、右乳Dmean和脊髓Dmax均低于3D-CRT的PTV,两者比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。结论左侧乳腺癌改良根治术后胸壁照射患者IMRT放疗计划在靶区剂量分布上较3DCRT有优势,能明显降低危及器官受照剂量与体积。     

乳腺癌保乳术后三种放疗技术剂量学评价

目的：比较乳腺癌保乳术后常规放疗（CR）、三维适形（3D-CRT）放疗、调强适形（IMRT）放疗靶区剂量均匀性、危及器官受照体积等方面的差异。方法：随机选择10例乳腺癌患者,为每例患者设计上述三种照射技术的治疗计划。处方剂量为50Gy/25次。所有计划都使95%靶区体积达到处方剂量要求。根据积分剂量体积直方图（DVH）比较靶区受量和相关正常器官受量的差异和剂量分布。结果：CR、3D-CRT、IMRT靶区均匀性指数分别为1.16±0.03、1.15±0.03和1.14±0.02（P=0.279）,适形度指数分别为0.61±0.05、0.65±0.06和0.69±0.06（P=0.025）;三种放疗技术中患侧肺V30分别为19.39±3.09、15.53.±3.98、15.68±4.38（P=0.057）,V20分别为22.26±3.52、18.87±4.24、20.68±4.52（P=0.202）,V10分别为26.68±3.72、23.96±4.76、34.27±14.02（P=0.039）,V5分别为33.71±3.70、31.66±5.49、49.81±24.25（P=0.018）;对侧乳腺V3分别为3.31±3.74、2.37±3.11、14.24±3.81（P=0.007）;心脏V5分别为19.99±17.22、13.77±11.10、38.42±29.95（P=0.037）。结论：与CR相比,3D-CRT和IMRT能够改善靶区均匀性和适形度,并降低患侧肺的高剂量受照体积,但IMRT同时增加了患侧肺、对侧乳腺、心脏低剂量受照体积。     

直肠癌术后共面等分设野调强放疗和三维适形放疗计划的比较研究

目的:比较直肠癌术后三维适形(3D-CRT)计划和共面等分设野调强技术(IMRT)计划靶区及其周围危及器官受照剂量的区别和其他经济指标。方法:回顾性分析16例直肠癌患者术后辅助放疗的放疗资料,其中男女各8例。在每位患者的模拟定位CT上分别勾画治疗靶区及小肠、膀胱和股骨头等危及器官(OAR),处方剂量50 Gy。分别进行3D-CRT和共面等分设野IMRT计划设计,计算靶区和危及器官照射体积、子野数量、治疗时间和治疗费用等并对结果进行比较分析。结果:5F-IMRT、7F-IM-RT和9F-IMRT计划与3D-CRT相比,PTV95、PTV100、PTV105和PTVDmean以及靶区剂量均匀度指数(HI)均优于3D-CRT,差异具有统计学意义,P<0.05。各IMRT计划,较3D-CRT计划,膀胱的V40、小肠的V40和股骨头V25均有所下降,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05,而各IMRT计划之间差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。结论:直肠癌术后辅助放疗共面等分IMRT计划无论在靶区均匀性还是正常组织保护方面均优于3D-CRT,同时也证实7野或9野IMRT未必较5野获益更多。和7~9野的IM-RT比较,5野治疗时间及费用明显减少,最为经济性。     

顶枕叶胶质瘤非共面三维适形放疗与调强放疗的剂量学对比研究

目的比较顶枕叶脑胶质瘤非共面三维适形放疗(three-dimensional conformal therapy,3D-CRT)与调强放疗(intensity modulated radiation therapy,IMRT)对靶区剂量分布及周围正常组织的影响,为临床应用提供参考。方法选择2010-07-01-2012-08-01广东药学院附属第一医院肿瘤科顶枕叶脑胶质瘤患者8例,每例患者分别设计非共面3D-CRT及IMRT计划。比较两种放疗计划的靶区剂量学特点以及脑干、视交叉和视神经等正常组织的受照射剂量及体积。结果 IMRT计划中靶区覆盖V95(98.40±1.04)优于3D-CRT(96.27±0.64),差异有统计学意义,P<0.001。两组计划的适形指数(conformity index,CI)相仿,差异无统计学意义,P>0.05;IMRT计划中的均匀指数(homogeneity index,HI)值(1.03±0.009 0)小于3D-CRT的HI值(1.05±0.006 5),差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。IMRT计划中脑干D5、Dmean和Dmax与3D-CRT的参考指标比较差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。其他危及器官视交叉、视神经、垂体、晶体及眼球,IMRT计划受量大于3D-CRT的,差异均有统计学意义,P值均<0.05。IMRT计划中正常脑组织V24Gy(42.32±6.08)、V18Gy(45.82±6.15)大于3D-CRT(35.01±6.86,39.33±7.21),P<0.05。结论顶枕叶胶质瘤,IMRT与3D-CRT均能满足靶区要求及保护危及器官,虽然IMRT在靶区覆盖率、均匀性方面优于3D-CRT,但同时也增加了正常脑组织的照射剂量。     

乳腺癌保乳术后行IMRT和3D-CRT治疗的剂量学参数及靶区适形度比较

目的:通过配对比较早期乳腺癌保乳术后IMRT和3D-CRT两种放疗技术模式下靶区的适形度和肺组织的受照体积-剂量参数,探索早期乳腺癌保乳术后的最佳放疗模式。方法:选取20例 I-II期（T1-2N0M0）乳腺癌保乳术后行全乳腺放疗者,对同一患者分别设计IMRT和3D-CRT两套放射计划方案,配对分析PTV及PGTVbed靶区剂量分布适形度,患侧肺组织的受照体积-剂量参数,包括V5、V10、V20、V25、V30及肺组织和心脏平均受照剂量。结果:对比3D-CRT,IMRT使肺组织平均受照剂量降低了1.34 Gy,高剂量受照区域V20体积降低了2.89%,V25体积降低了5.57%,V30体积降低了7.45%;同时提高了PTV及PGTVbed靶区内的剂量分布适形度,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组的心脏平均受照剂量分别为（4.01±0.38）Gy和（4.61±0.42）Gy,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:在早期乳腺癌保乳术后的辅助放疗中,采用IMRT模式比3D-CRT模式能够获得更好的靶区适形度,靶区内的剂量分布更均匀,有利于提高局控率,同时减少了肺组织的高剂量受照区域和平均受照剂量,对正常肺组织的保护更好,值得临床上应用和推广。     

Comparison of inverse-planned three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer

PURPOSE: Lungs are the major dose-limiting organ during radiotherapy (RT) for non-small-cell lung cancer owing to the development of pneumonitis. This study compared intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) with three-dimensional conformal RT (3D-CRT) in reducing the dose to the lungs. METHODS: Ten patients with localized non-small-cell lung cancer underwent computed tomography (CT). The planning target volume (PTV) was defined and the organs at risk were outlined. An inverse-planning program, AutoPlan, was used to design the beam angle-optimized six-field noncoplanar 3D-CRT plans. Each 3D-CRT plan was compared with a series of five IMRT plans per patient. The IMRT plans were created using a commercial algorithm and consisted of a series of three, five, seven, and nine equidistant coplanar field arrangements and one six-field noncoplanar plan. The planning objectives were to minimize the lung dose while maintaining the dose to the PTV. The percentage of lung volume receiving >20 Gy (V20) and the percentage of the PTV covered by the 90% isodose (PTV90) were the primary endpoints. The PTV90/V20 ratio was used as the parameter accounting for both the reduction in lung volume treated and the PTV coverage. RESULTS: All IMRT plans, except for the three-field coplanar plans, improved the PTV90/V20 ratio significantly compared with the optimized 3D-CRT plan. Nine coplanar IMRT beams were significantly better than five or seven coplanar IMRT beams, with an improved PTV90/V20 ratio. CONCLUSION: The results of our study have shown that IMRT can reduce the dose to the lungs compared with 3D-CRT by improving the conformity of the plan.     

早期乳腺癌保乳术后全乳调强放射治疗与常规切线野放疗的剂量学比较

目的探讨早期乳腺癌保乳术后全乳调强放射治疗(intensity-modulated radiotherapy,IMRT)的剂量学优势。方法选择6例接受保乳手术的T1N0M0早期乳腺癌病例,其中左侧乳腺癌4例,右侧乳腺癌2例,应用三维调强治疗计划系统为每例患者设计常规切线野与IMRT2种全乳放射治疗计划,处方剂量均为50Gy/25次。用剂量体积直方图(dose volume histograms,DVH)来比较2种计划中计划靶体积(planning target volume,PTV)、危及器官(organs at risks,OARs)的剂量学差异。结果在2种计划中,95%PTV均接受50Gy,99%PTV均接受95%的处方剂量;但在IMRT计划组V110%(接受大于110%处方剂量体积占PTV的百分比)下降了9.1%(46.3%比37.2%,P<0.05);同侧肺的V20(至少接受20Gy照射的肺体积占同侧肺体积的百分比)下降了7.2%(26.8%比18.0%,P<0.05);同侧肺的V30下降了12.0%(23.2%比11.2%,P<0.05);4例左侧乳腺癌患者的心脏V30下降了3.8%(7.0%比3.2%,P<0.05)。结论全乳IMRT在保证靶区覆盖率的前提下,改善了靶区内剂量的均匀性,降低了危及器官的受照剂量及缩小了危及器官的照射体积,尤其是同侧肺、心脏的照射体积,降低放射性肺炎及心血管事件发生的可能。     

Can All Centers Plan Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) Effectively? An External Audit of Dosimetric Comparisons Between Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy and IMRT for Adjuvant Chemoradiation for Gastric Cancer

PURPOSE: To compare dosimetric endpoints between three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) at our center with limited IMRT experience, and to perform an external audit of the IMRT plans. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ten patients, who received adjuvant chemoradiation for gastric cancer, formed the study cohort. For standardization, the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk were recontoured with the assistance of a study protocol radiologic atlas. The cohort was replanned with CMS Xio to generate coplanar 3D-CRT and IMRT plans. All 10 datasets, including volumes but without the plans (i.e., blinded), were transmitted to an experienced center where IMRT plans were designed using Nomos Corvus (IMRT-C) and ADAC Pinnacle (IMRT-P). All IMRT plans were normalized to D95% receiving 45 Gy. RESULTS: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy yielded higher PTV V45 (volume that receives > or = 45 Gy) (p < 0.001) than 3D-CRT. No difference in V20 was seen in the right (p = 0.9) and left (p = 0.3) kidneys, but the liver mean dose (p < 0.001) was superior with IMRT. For the external audit, IMRT-C (p = 0.002) and IMRT-P (p < 0.001) achieved significantly lower left kidney V20 than IMRT, and IMRT-P (p < 0.001) achieved lower right kidney V20 than IMRT. The IMRT-C (p = 0.003) but not IMRT-P (p = 0.6) had lower liver mean doses than IMRT. CONCLUSIONS: At our institution with early IMRT experience, IMRT improved PTV dose coverage and liver doses but not kidney doses. An external audit of IMRT plans showed that an experienced center can yield superior IMRT plans.     

乳腺癌保乳术后调强放疗与常规放疗的剂量学比较

 目的　探讨早期乳腺癌保乳术后全乳适形调强放射治疗（IMRT）的剂量学优势。方法　选择10例接受保乳手术的Tis~2N0M0早期乳腺癌病例,其中左侧乳腺癌6例,右侧乳腺癌4例,应用三维治疗计划系统（3D-TPS）为每位患者设计两种全乳放射治疗计划,即切线野常规计划与IMRT计划,处方剂量均为50 Gy／25次。用剂量体积直方图（DVH）来比较两种计划中计划靶体积（PTV）、危及器官（OARS）的剂量学差异。结果　靶区覆盖率在两种计划中相似,分别为97.83 %、97.61 %,与常规计划相比IMRT计划的PTV接受＜95 %处方剂量与＞103 %处方剂量的体积百分比之和（IHI） 从25.42 %减少到2.71 %,PTV接受至少105 %处方剂量照射的体积百分比（V105 %）从25.79 %减少到1.08 %,IMRT计划改善IHI和减少V105 %的平均值,在PTV较大的患者中更明显。左侧乳腺癌患者心脏的平均剂量（Dmean）从6.72 Gy减少到4.95 Gy、心脏接受30 Gy照射的体积百分比（V30）从7.23 %减少到1.04 %。所有患者同侧肺的Dmean从9.19 Gy减少到7.65 Gy、至少接受20 Gy 照射的体积百分比（V20）从22.34 %减少到20.18 %。对侧乳腺Dmean从5.12 Gy减少到3.52 Gy,对侧肺Dmean从2.76 Gy减少到1.79 Gy。右侧患者肝脏Dmean从7.23 Gy减少到1.04 Gy。结论　全乳IMRT的剂量学优势主要是在保证靶区覆盖率的前提下,显著改善了靶区剂量分布的均匀性,并在一定程度上降低OARS的受照剂量与容积,乳房体积大的病例可以通过IMRT获得更好的剂量学结果。     

A four-dimensional CT-based evaluation of techniques for gastric irradiation

PURPOSE: To evaluate three-dimensional conformal (3D-CRT), intensity-modulated (IMRT) and respiration-gated radiotherapy (RGRT) techniques for gastric irradiation for target coverage and minimization of renal doses. All techniques were four-dimensional (4D)-CT based, incorporating the intrafractional mobility of the target volume and organs at risk (OAR). METHODS AND MATERIALS: The stomach, duodenal C-loop, and OAR (kidneys, liver, and heart) were contoured in all 10 phases of planning 4D-CT scans for five patients who underwent abdominal radiotherapy. Planning target volumes (PTVs) encompassing all positions of the stomach (PTV(all phases)) were generated. Three respiratory phases for RGRT in inspiration and expiration were identified, and corresponding PTV(inspiration) and PTV(expiration) and OAR volumes were created. Landmark-based fields recommended for the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 99-04 study protocol were simulated to assess PTV coverage. IMRT and 3D-CRT planning with and without additional RGRT planning were performed for all PTVs, and corresponding dose volume histograms were analyzed. RESULTS: Use of landmark-based fields did not result in full geometric coverage of the PTV(all phases) in any patient. IMRT significantly reduced mean renal doses compared with 3D-CRT (15.0 Gy +/- 0.9 Gy vs. 20.1 Gy +/- 9.3 Gy and 16.6 Gy +/- 1.5 Gy vs. 32.6 Gy +/- 7.1 Gy for the left and right kidneys, respectively; p = 0.04). No significant increase in renal sparing was seen when adding RGRT to either 3D-CRT or IMRT. Tolerance doses to the other OAR were not exceeded. CONCLUSIONS: Individualized field margins are essential for gastric irradiation. IMRT plans significantly reduce renal doses, but the benefits of RGRT in gastric irradiation appear to be limited.     

局部进展期胃癌术后调强放疗的剂量学研究

目的:通过比较局部进展期胃癌术后调强放疗(IMRT)与三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)计划,评价IMRT与3D-CRT靶区与危及器官剂量分布的优劣。方法:对29例D2手术后完全切除的局部进展期胃癌病例同时作IMRT和3D-CRT计划,处方剂量45 Gy,依据DVH和等剂量曲线评价上述两种治疗计划。结果:与3D-CRT相比,IMRT靶区剂量适形性更好,平均剂量更高(均为P<0.001);IMRT靶区剂量均匀性亦更好(P<0.05)。肝脏平均剂量V5、V20均明显降低(分别为P<0.001及P<0.05);左肾平均剂量、V12、V22.5亦显著减低(均为P<0.001);而右肾平均剂量、V12、V22.5及脊髓最高剂量两者相比差异均无统计学意义。结论:局部进展期胃癌术后患者,IMRT比3D-CRT靶区剂量分布更好,同时能使肝脏和左肾得到更好的保护。     

Multiple fields may offer better esophagus sparing without increased probability of lung toxicity in optimized IMRT of lung tumors

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether increasing numbers of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) fields enhance lung-tumor dose without additional predicted toxicity for difficult planning geometries. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data from 8 previous three dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) patients with tumors located in various regions of each lung, but with planning target volumes (PTVs) overlapping part of the esophagus, were used as input. Four optimized-beamlet IMRT plans (1 plan that used the 3D-CRT beam arrangement and 3 plans with 3, 5, or 7 axial, but predominantly one-sided, fields) were compared. For IMRT, the equivalent uniform dose (EUD) in the whole PTV was optimized simultaneously with that in a reduced PTV exclusive of the esophagus. Normal-tissue complication probability-based costlets were used for the esophagus, heart, and lung. RESULTS: Overall, IMRT plans (optimized by use of EUD to judiciously allow relaxed PTV dose homogeneity) result in better minimum PTV isodose surface coverage and better average EUD values than does conformal planning; dose generally increases with the number of fields. Even 7-field plans do not significantly alter normal-lung mean-dose values or lung volumes that receive more than 13, 20, or 30 Gy. CONCLUSION: Optimized many-field IMRT plans can lead to escalated lung-tumor dose in the special case of esophagus overlapping PTV, without unacceptable alteration in the dose distribution to normal lung.