木瓜化学成分、药理作用研究进展

木瓜具有药食两用的功能。本文对木瓜的化学成分和药理作用研究进行了综述。木瓜主要化学成分为黄酮类、有机酸类、三萜类、皂苷类、糖类、鞣质等。具有抗肿瘤、保肝、抗炎镇痛、祛风湿和抗菌等药理作用。     

木瓜,吃出营养

木瓜，生吃更营养 木瓜素有“百益之果”“水果之王”“万寿瓜”等美称。其含90％的水分，5％～6％的糖，少量的酒石酸、枸橼酸、苹果酸、木瓜苷、木瓜碱等。虽然木瓜的吃法很多，但相对而言，生吃、做水果沙拉、榨木瓜汁、凉拌青木瓜等，比熟食更有营养。生木瓜搭配肉类一起吃，其含有的木瓜蛋白酶则是良好的蛋白质分解酶，可以帮助人体分解肉类蛋白质，促进消化。     

木瓜及其伪品紫外吸收光谱的区别

木瓜是一种常用中药，具平肝舒筋、和胃化湿之功效，临床主要用于湿痹拘挛、腰膝关节酸痛、脚气水肿等症。《中国药典》[1]1990年版收载的木瓜为蔷薇科植物贴梗海棠chaenomelesspeciosa（Sweet）Nakai干燥近成熟的果实．目前，我市出现一伪品木瓜，经本所鉴定，为同科植物西藏木瓜chaenomelesthibeticayu的果实．其性状、显微特征、理化性质与木瓜相似，但两者的紫外吸收光谱有显著的差别。现报道如下。围2一阶紫外吸收光谱1．木瓜2．西藏木瓜l．实验材料与仪器：木瓜chaenomelesspec；osa（Sweet）Nabal；西藏木瓜chaenomelesthlbetlcayu…     

WHO九大健康水果排名

一向以美白、低热量著称的木瓜首次荣登榜首，是因为食品学家最新发现，存在于木瓜乳状汁液中的木瓜酵素可帮助人体分解肉类蛋白质。消化科专家建议，饭后吃少量木瓜，对预防胃溃疡、肠胃炎、消化不良等均有显著功效。     

木瓜提取物中总黄酮含量的测定

木瓜[chaenomeles lagenaria(loisel)koidz]为蔷薇科木瓜属植物,用途广泛,集观赏、食用、药用于一体。木瓜在我国分布广泛,医学名著《本草纲目》、《本草遗拾》等对木瓜的舒筋活络、解渴生津、平肝和胃、去风湿、治霍乱等功效都有详尽的记载。近年来的研究表明,木瓜果实中除含有氨基酸、维生素、果胶、有机酸、矿物质等营养物质外,还含有具有生物活性的黄酮类物质。有关资料表明,黄酮类化合物具有显著的抗氧化及抗自由基、抗癌及防癌、降压及降血脂、改善微循环、抑菌、消炎等功能。     

木瓜的炮制加工与伪品鉴别

木瓜又称“铁脚梨”,具有悠久的药用历史,历代本草多有记载。木瓜作为祛风寒湿药,具有舒筋活络、和胃化湿的功效,用于风湿痹证、脚气水肿、吐泻转筋等症。《名医别录》记载：木瓜主治湿痹邪气,霍乱大吐下,转筋不止。此外木瓜还可消食生津。     

正品木瓜与习用光皮木瓜的生药学鉴别

目的比较正品木瓜与习用光皮木瓜,以利临床合理用药。方法通过来源、性状、显微和理化鉴别比较。结果正品木瓜与习用光皮木瓜在来源、性状、显微和理化方面均有显著差异。结论光皮木瓜不能代替木瓜作为药用。     

中药木瓜的组织学研究

研究木瓜的质量和其品种整理过程中，特对各种植物来源的木瓜首次进行了系统的组织学研究。根据结果，列出了木瓜组织构造检索表、组织横切面详图、简图、粉末特征图、粉末特征比较表，为木瓜的鉴定提供了一定的科学依据。     

老便秘,空腹吃木瓜

正我患便秘有1个多月了,邻居说吃木瓜可以解决便秘,具体方法是:早餐前空腹吃1~2片木瓜。我觉得这个方子有点简单,想请专家点评一下是否有效。江苏毛女士点评:木瓜对于缓解消化不良引起的便秘有一定效果。其主要理论依据是,木瓜含有一种蛋白质分解酵素,即木瓜酵素,它是维持机体正常功能的一种必需物质,可促进食物的消化、吸收,能修复组织等。此外,木瓜酵素还有助于     

光皮木瓜的化学成分药理活性及临床研究进展

目的对光皮木瓜的化学成分、药理活性及临床研究作以综述。方法查阅了35个中外文献,按照化合物的结构类型对光皮木瓜的化学成分进行分类综述,并且对其对其药理活性及临床应用加以总结。结果光皮木瓜含有多种化学成分,主要有有机酸类、甾类、三萜类、木脂素类、黄酮类等化合物,具有抗肿瘤,免疫调节,抗菌等多种生物活性,临床应用广泛。结论为中药光皮木瓜的研究与开发提供了参考。     

Pharmacokinetics of Nitrazepam in Saliva and Serum after a Single Oral Dose

Abstract The pharmacokinetics of nitrazepam in saliva and serum was studied in 12 healthy volunteers after a single administration of a 5 mg nitrazepam tablet. The binding of nitrazepam to plasma proteins was determined 4 hours after the administration by ultracentrifugation. The analysis of nitrazepam concentrations was performed by ⁶³Ni-EC-GLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated manually or by AUTOAN-program in serum, and manually in saliva. The concentrations of nitrazepam in serum and saliva correlated significantly (r=0.472, P<0.001, n=97). The ratio saliva: serum was, however, time dependent. The protein free fraction in serum was significantly higher (P<0.01) than the salivary concentration at the same time (4 hours after administration). The peak concentrations in serum and saliva were 40.7 and 1.9 ng/ml (P<0.001) and the times to reach the peak maximum 2.4 and 2.5 hours, respectively (difference not significant). The mean half-life of nitrazepam in serum was 30.5 hrs and in saliva 39.9 hrs, the difference being significant at P<0.05. The distribution phase parameters, poorly described before, were calculated. The clinical value of nitrazepam analysis in saliva seems to be negligible.     

抗氧化剂和吲哚生物碱在粉红色和白色长春花植株不同部位中的分布(英文)

目的研究抗氧化剂和吲哚生物碱在2种长春花(粉红色和白色)植株不同部位的分布。方法通过检测无酶活性的抗氧化分子含量和抗氧化酶活性测定抗氧化能力。无酶活性的抗氧化分子包括抗坏血酸、α-生育酚和还原型谷胱甘肽。抗氧化酶包括超氧化物歧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶。所用样品为从田间收集到的植株的根、茎、叶、花和豆荚。结果与其他部位比较,根和茎中抗氧化剂的含量较高,花和豆荚中含量最低。粉红色长春花中抗氧化剂和生物碱含量较高。叶中抗氧化酶的活性较高,但吲哚生物碱的含量在粉红色长春花的根中较高。结论对于抗氧化剂和生物碱含量而言,粉红色长春花更适合培养。     

Pharmacokinetics of nitrazepam in saliva and serum after a single oral dose.

The pharmacokinetics of nitrazepam in saliva and serum was studied in 12 healthy volunteers after a single administration of a 5 mg nitrazepam tablet. The binding of nitrazepam to plasma proteins was determined 4 hours after the administration by ultracentrifugation. The analysis of nitrazepam concentrations was performed by 63Ni-EC-GLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated manually or by AUTOAN-program in serum, and manually in saliva. The concentrations of nitrazepam in serum and saliva correlated significantly (r = 0.472, P less than 0.001, n = 97). The ratio saliva: serum was, however, time dependent. The protein free fraction in serum was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than the salivary concentration at the same time (4 hours after administration). The peak concentrations in serum and saliva were 40.7 and 1.9 ng/ml (P less than 0.001) and the times to reach the peak maximum 2.4 and 2.5 hours, respectively (difference not significant). The mean half-life of nitrazepam in serum was 30.5 hrs and in saliva 39.9 hrs, the difference being significant at P less than 0.05. The distribution phase parameters, poorly described before, were calculated. The clinical value of nitrazepam analysis in saliva seems to be negligible.     

日本鹌鹑睾丸的电镜观察

本文是通过透射电镜观察日本鹌鹑(Coturnix coturnix japonica)雄性生殖细胞及间质细胞的超微结构。精原细胞呈椭圆形。核圆形,异染色质少,常呈小块状,多靠近核被膜,核仁明显。染色质周围颗粒及染色质间颗粒清晰可见。线粒体有时呈空泡状,嵴短而稀疏,均匀分布于胞质中。精母细胞的异染色质散在分布于核质中,由颗粒状物质聚成团块,核仁明显。线粒体数量不多,分布情况如精原细胞。这与鸡的线粒体分布位置存有差异。粗面内质网和高尔基复合体发育良好,并可见环孔板。精子细胞核大而圆,异染色质少,呈稀疏的颗粒状分布在核被膜附近及分散于核液中。线粒体电子密度较高,内质网及高尔基复合体发育中等。间质细胞形状不规則,核仁清晰,内质网及线粒体丰富,二者有极性分布现象。线粒体嵴既有小管状,又有板层状。     

上海地区12家二级医院2008-2010年抗菌药物利用分析

目的:了解上海地区二级医院抗菌药物的应用情况。方法:对上海地区12家二级医院2008-2010年门诊及住院患者的抗菌药物应用信息(处方量、用药金额、用药频度(DDDs)、处方频数等)进行统计、分析。结果:门诊患者抗菌药物销售金额占药品总销售金额的比例、处方量占总处方量比例均较住院患者低,且逐年下降趋势明显;门诊患者第2、3代头孢菌素类口服品种销售金额呈现较高的增长趋势,其中头孢克肟增幅最大,年均增长率(CAGR)达132.53%;阿奇霉素与左氧氟沙星的DDDs位居前列;住院患者氨曲南销售金额与头孢美唑的DDDs增速最快,CAGR分别达104.22%和42.47%;非手术住院患者第3代头孢菌素类的处方频数最高,手术住院患者第1代头孢菌素类与头霉素类的处方频数排序逐年上升,喹诺酮类排序逐年下降。结论:门诊和住院患者抗菌药物应用管理需各有侧重,切实落实细菌耐药监测工作,有助于抗菌药物的合理应用。     

厌食患儿锌,铜,铁,钙营养状况的临床分析

对300例厌食患儿进行了膳食中锌、铜、铁、钙及蛋白质和热能摄入量的测算及这四种元素的发含量测定,结果表明:1.厌食组各种营养素的摄入量均低于标准供给量及正常对联组。2.厌食组发锌、铜、铁、钙含量均明显低于对照组。3.厌食组四种元素摄入量与相应发含量、蛋白质和热能摄入量均呈显著性正相关。     

Molecular genetics of human aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Four non-allelic genes, which encode four different aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozymes, have been cloned and characterized at the present time. The coding nucleotide sequences, and organization of introns and exons of these genes have been elucidated. The ALDH1 gene encodes the major cytosolic ALDH1 existing in the liver and other tissues. The genetic deficiency of this isozyme was found at a low frequency (< 10%) in both Caucasians and Orientals. The deficiency and alcohol sensitivity character are inherited together in one large Caucasian family examined. The ALDH1 gene contains two hormone response elements in its upstream 5' region. The ALDH2 gene encodes the major liver mitochondrial ALDH2 which has a very low Km for acetaldehyde. The atypical ALDH2(2) allele is common (about 30%) in Orientals; and subjects with ALDH2(2) allele, both homozygous and heterozygous status, lack ALDH activity. These individuals are alcohol sensitive and have a markedly reduced risk in developing alcoholism and alcoholic liver diseases. The ALDH3 gene produces a cytosolic ALDH3 isozyme existing in the stomach and liver carcinoma but hardly in normal liver. The ALDH3 locus is polymorphic in Orientals and presumably other populations. The ALDH5 gene, which is expressed in testes and liver, is highly polymorphic in both Caucasians and Orientals. The variation of these two loci may affect the development of alcohol-related problems.     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检120例临床报告

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术的临床应用价值和安全性。方法经CT扫描判断病变部位选择最佳位置,采用美国巴德公司生产的穿刺针活检,所获得标本做常规病理、免疫组织化学,肺腺癌标本做基因突变分析。结果本组120例,行肺穿刺141次,21例做过2次;孤立性病变82例,确诊为肺癌58例,良性病变24例。弥漫性病变38例,确诊为肺癌27例,良性病变11例。9例肺腺癌标本测定基因突变,阳性结果5例。气胸13例(10.83%),少量咯血30例,胸痛5例,术后晕厥1例。结论 CT引导下肺穿刺活检术具有定位准确、安全可靠、穿刺成功率和定性判断准确率高,并发症少的特点,对肺部病变的诊断具有重要价值。基因突变分析为肺腺癌治疗的理想选择提供可靠依据。     

结直肠癌术后辅以放疗、化疗的临床观察

目的探讨结直肠癌术后的有效辅助治疗,以积累临床经验,指导临床工作。方法选取我院诊治的320例患者,依随机的原则分为4组,A组共80例,术后不进行任何治疗;B组共80例,术后辅以放疗,C组共80例,术后辅以化疗,D组共80例,术后辅以放疗及化疗,观察各组的疗效及术后生存率。结果术后1年随访,生存率未见明显差别;术后2年随访,D组的生存率明显高于A、B、C组;术后5年随访,D组的生存率明显高于A、B、C组,B、C组的生存率明显高于A组。结论对结直肠癌患者术后应进行放、化疗,能明显提高临床疗效,临床中可以开展应用。     

乙二醇对大鼠睾丸和附睾中某些酶的影响

研究了乙二醇对大鼠睾丸和附睾中某些酶的影响。Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄性大鼠，乙二醇连续灌胃染毒１３周，剂量分别为６６６，１３３２和２６６４ｍｇ／ｋｇ。结果表明，所有染毒组大鼠睾丸中ＬＤＨ（ＬＤＨ－Ｘ）酶活性均明显下降；剂量为１３３２ｍｇ／ｋｇ染毒组，引起ＡＣＰ和ＡＫＰ酶活性明显下降，但对γ－ＧＴ酶活性无明显作用。低剂量时乙二醇就能引起附睾中ＬＤＨ，γ－ＧＴ，ＡＣＰ和ＡＫＰ酶活性明显升高。结果提示，乙二醇对睾丸中ＬＤＨ（ＬＤＨ－Ｘ），ＡＣＰ和ＡＫＰ均有影响，其中ＬＤＨ（ＬＤＨ－Ｘ）酶活性对乙二醇的毒性较敏感。此外，乙二醇对附睾中这些酶活性也有非常显著的影响，表现为小剂量刺激，高剂量抑制。