显微手术治疗外伤性视神经损伤

目的总结经额入路行显微视神经减压术辅助药物治疗对外伤性视神经损伤的疗效,探讨其治疗原则。方法16例患者经额或额颞入路开颅,显微镜下清除骨折或出血,磨开视神经管,剪开视神经鞘行视神经减压;辅以大剂量皮质类固醇激素、能量合剂和神经营养药物。结果15例患者随访6个月至1年,10例有效,视力不同程度恢复,1例失访。结论经额或额颞入路开颅行显微视神经减压是治疗外伤性视神经损伤有效方法,辅以药物的显微外科治疗是治疗外伤性视神经损伤的一种较理想的治疗方案。     

颅脑损伤并发球后视路损伤的手术治疗

作者于近年来收治１５例颅脑损伤并发视力障碍的患者，均经手术治疗。１３例行双额部冠状切开头皮，一侧额部开颅清除眶骨骨折片或出血，矫正额眶骨折错位畸形。有视神经管骨折者，用微钻磨开视神经管，剪开神经鞘进行视神经减压。２例视力障碍伴有眶上裂综合征者行额颞切口，经眶尖外侧壁磨开骨折眶上裂和视神经管，行神经减压。结果：１０例（６５．９％）有效，３例突眼和１例眼球陷入患者均得到矫正。结论：经额颞入路手术减压可对颅脑损伤并发视力障碍取得良好效果。     

Endoscopic decompression of the optic canal for traumatic optic neuropathy

Purpose: Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a serious complication of head trauma with the incidence rate of 0.5%e5%. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic decompression of the optic canal for optic nerve injuries. Methods: In this study, 11 patients treated in our hospital from January 2009 to January 2015 with the visual loss resulting from TON were retrospectively reviewed for preoperative vision, visual evoked potential (VEP) scan, surgical approach, postoperative visual acuity, complications, and follow-up results. Results: All these patients received endoscopic decompression of the optic canal. At the 3-month followup, the visual acuity improvement rate of the 11 patients was 45.5%. The vision acuity of 2 cases improved from hand movement to 0.08 and 0.3 after operation. Another patient''s vision acuity returned to 0.05 compared to light sensation preoperatively. Two cases had finger counting before surgery but they had a vision acuity of 0.4 and light sensation respectively after surgery. However, the other 6 cases'' vision did not improve after surgery. Conclusion: Endoscopic decompression of the optic canal is an effective way to cure TON. VEP could be used as an important reference for preoperative and prognosis evaluation. Operative time after trauma is only a relative condition that may affect the therapeutic effect of optic canal decompression. Poor results of this procedure may be related to the severity of the optic nerve injury.     

Chronic granulomatous neuritis in idiopathic trigeminal sensory neuropathy. Report of two cases

Idiopathic trigeminal sensory neuropathy is a clinically benign disorder in which the main feature is facial numbness limited to the territory of one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve; the disorder persists for a few weeks to several years. and no underlying disease can be identified. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings are occasionally consistent with a small trigeminal neuroma of the left gasserian ganglion associated with idiopathic trigeminal sensory neuropathy. The authors report on two patients who were treated using a skull base approach in which the gasserian ganglion was exposed and the lesion was removed. The pathological diagnosis was chronic granulomatous neuritis. The authors conclude that, in patients with MR findings suggestive of a small trigeminal neuroma, benign idiopathic trigeminal sensory neuropathy should also be considered in the differential diagnosis. A conservative approach featuring sequential MR imaging studies may avoid an unnecessary surgical exploration.     

Late neuropathy in chronic dislocation of the radial head. Report of two cases.

Two patients developed ulnar and median neuropathy 15-20 years after anterior dislocation of the radial head had been diagnosed in childhood. Anterior dislocation of the radial head should not be considered innocuous. Open reduction with reconstruction of the annular ligament may be indicated.     

Surgical treatment of ulnar neuropathy.

Ulnar neuropathy is a well recognized clinical entity caused by a variety of pathological lesions around the elbow. The characteristic features include paresthesia and numbness in the little finger and medial half of the fourth digit, weakness of the small muscles of the hand innervated by the ulnar nerve, and a positive Tinel's sign. The diagnosis is confirmed by electrophysiological studies. Current methods of treatment are anterior transposition, neurolysis and medial epicondylectomy of the humerus. Forty-four patients with ulnar neuropathy are described in the present report. Most were males with a median age of 45. The left side was involved more frequently. Results of subcutaneous anterior transposition and medial epicondylectomy are presented along with a review of the literature.     

Surgical postoperative bleeding associated with aspirin ingestion. Report of two cases.

Two patients are reported in whom repeated postoperative hematomas appeared to be secondary to aspirin-induced platelet defect. Routine bleeding and clotting studies will not demonstrate this platelet-induced coagulopathy. A previous history of massive aspirin ingestion makes such a coagulopathy a serious consideration, but the platelet defect may occur with small doses of aspirin. Such aspirin ingestion should be viewed with great concern by the neurosurgeon. The defect is treatable by platelet transfusion.     

外伤性结肠破裂79例手术治疗分析

目的 探讨创伤性结肠损伤的处理方法以及一期手术的安全性和有效性.方法 外伤性结肠破裂患者86例,79例行急诊手术治疗,其中行单纯修补手术37例,结肠部分切除Ⅰ期吻合术29例,结肠造口13例.结果 本组病例合并多发伤患者50例,有5例患者因胸腹部严重复合伤、术后肠瘘、失血性休克等原因死亡,其余患者均痊愈出院.结论 外伤性结肠损伤一期手术对绝大多数结肠损伤是安全可靠的,值得临床应用.     

Evolution of conservative treatment in traumatic spleen injuries. Report of 54 cases

The spleen is the organ most frequently affected in abdominal trauma. Conservative treatment of traumatic spleen injuries is already generally accepted, avoiding surgery whenever possible. We present a wide serie (54 cases) of traumatic spleen injuries along a period of ten years (1990-2000) during which 83% of these were solved with conservative therapy we analyse our treatment procedure and post-treatment follow-up of these patients.     

Surgical options in the treatment of GIST of the upper portion of the stomach. Report of two cases

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are rare neoplasms arising from mesenchymal precursor cells of the gastrointestinal tract that may differentiate towards the interstitial cells of Cajal, pacemaker cells regulating autonomous motility of G.I. tract. Grading of GIST has been proven to be as difficult as their classification. Two thirds of GISTs are located in the stomach, 20-50% in the small bowel (one third in the duodenum), and 5-15% in colon and rectum; GISTs, however, may rarely be found also in the oesophagus, omentum, mesentery or the retroperitoneum. The distribuition of these tumors in the stomach is: pars media, 40%; antrum, 25%; pylorus, 20%; in less than 15%, GISTs location is next to the EGJ, in the cardia and in the iundus. The upper gastric third location of GISTs is not common, so their surgical management has been not yet well investigated. Total gastrectomy is considered the therapy of choice for the GIST located next to the EGJ, but wedge resection could be considered a surgical option in selected cases. The Authors describe 2 cases of GIST located just under the upper portion of the stomach and discuss about the different surgical options for GISTs of this region.     

Laparoscopic treatment of mesenteric cysts. Report of two cases

Mesenteric cysts are rare intraabdominal tumors. Since the first report by Benevial in 1507, approximately 800 cases of mesenteric cysts have been described in the literature. Clinical presentation is variable and depends on the size and location of the cyst. This lesion are often asymptomatic or can present as an abdominal palpable mass or with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation. Laboratory tests are usually helpless. Ultrasonography and CT scan are the best diagnostic tools. In the past the treatment of choice was totally resection performed by open surgery. With the advent of laparoscopic surgery same authors report mesenteric cysts excised laparoscopically. The Authors report two cases of mesenteric cysts that were excised by laparoscopic surgery using. The cysts of both patients were located in the mesenterium of colon. There were no intraoperative of postoperative complications and the postoperative course was uneventful and both patients returned to full activity within a short time. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 36 months and there were no recurrences. The laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive techniques and represent an alternative safe and less invasive operation for these abdominal cysts.     

Prolapsing gyrus rectus as a cause of progressive optic neuropathy

The pathogenesis of optic neuropathy caused by neurovascular compression or by similar mechanisms is unclear. Thin-slice magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 69 patients with optic neuropathy without demonstrable ophthalmological lesions (57.0 +/- 17.1 years of age) and 102 normal subjects (57.7 +/- 13.9 years of age). The MR imaging features were classified into "no compression" by the internal carotid artery (ICA), "compression" by the ICA, "no contact" with the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) or the gyrus rectus, "contact" with either or both, "compression" by the ACA, and "compression" by the gyrus rectus. The Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between patients or controls, the MR classification, and the age, and the number of patients in each MR classification were evaluated by the chi 2 test. Five of the 69 patients with rapidly progressive symptoms were operated on via the frontotemporal approach. The MR imaging feature of "compression" by the gyrus rectus was the best predictor of optic neuropathy (Spearman correlation coefficients rho = -0.23646, p < 0.0018). This MR imaging feature was observed in 38 of 69 patients and in 32 of 102 controls (p = 0.002). Compression of the nerve by the gyrus rectus or the ACA was confirmed in all five operated cases. Decompression of the nerve was fully achieved in four of the five patients, and their symptoms have not progressed since then. Optic neuropathies due to compression by the prolapsing gyrus rectus are not well understood. Such neuropathies may be detected by MR imaging.