Serostatus disclosure and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS( PLWHA) in Liuzhou City,China

Introduction HIV serostatus disclosure has become an entry criterion for prevention of sexual partners spread, so we aimed to examine the prevalence of disclosure and associated factors among people living with HIV / AIDS（ PLWHA） in Liuzhou City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,southern China. Methods The PLWHA with marital or regular sexual relationship were eligible for our study,and a self-designed questionnaire was assigned to all the conveniently sampled participants. Determinants of disclo...     

慢性乙型肝炎患者配偶乙型肝炎病毒感染状况调查和分析

Objective To evaluate the influence of daily contact on HBV infection between hepatitis B virus carriers and their spouses by investigating the infection situation after marriage. Methods Premarital HBV carriers of serum HBV DNA positive were enrolled, family history, the histoty of blood donation, blood transfusion, drug abuse,physical examination, premarriage medical check, extramarital sex and hepatitis B vaccine were investigated in their spouses. Couples who were infected before marriage or vaccined with HBV vaccine were excluded. 68 couples were enrolled with an average marriage time of 12.5 years (0.5-35 years), their HBV serum markers and quantitative were performed. Results In the 68 couples, 54(79.4%) spouses were serum HBV marker positive, of the 54 spouses, 4 were HBV DNA positive. The chronic rate of HBV infection in the spouses was 7.4%, and was similar to the rate in general population(5%-10%). 48(88.9%) spouses were anti-HBs positive, the positive rate was similar to the rate in vaccinated population (85%-90%). Male spouses with at least one HBV marker positive were 22 cases (22/24), occupied 91.7% , female spouses were 32(32/44), occupied 72.7%, there was no difference between the male and female spouses(χ2 = 2.681, P > 0.05). Conclusions Whether HBV carriers' spouse infected with HBV is not correlated with marriage time, gender and HBV DNA level of carriers. HBV infection rate of the healthy people increases after marriage with HBV carriers, but the rate of chronic HBV infection is not increased obviouly.     

男男性行为者自我歧视与性行为和心理因素的关系

Objective To understand the self-discrimination experience of MSM and its relationship with sexual behavior and psychological factors.Methods By respondent-driven sampling(RDS) method, a call-for action and anonymous self-administration questionnaire investigation was carried out in Mianyang city on experience of self-discriminations, sexual partners and behaviors and depression symptom, etc.The first 12qualified people were designated as the "root" in the whole investigation from different MSM subgroups.Every "root" would get 3 recruit cards after their own investigation,then cards could be promoted to another 3 qualified people who were willing to accept questionnaires.And this process would go on till the sample size was accomplished.χ2 test,rank correlation and contingency coefficient would be applied for the statistical analysis.Results In total, 201 persons were investigated.Within the past 6 months, 59.2%(119/201) persons felt they did harm to their family or made the family down as gays ,79.6% (160/201)had to disguise their real sexual orientation in avoidance of being discriminated, 39.3% ( 79/201 ) were humiliated for having gay sex.It showed correlation between humiliation or harm to family and frequency to disco balls/night clubs( r = 0.196, χ2 = 7.95, P ＜ 0.05 ), concerts or theaters ( r = 0.201, χ2 = 8.423, P ＜0.05 ) with MSM friends, HIV health consultancy ( r = 0.231, χ2 = 11.329, P ＜ 0.05 ), experiences of one night stands ( rs = 0.183 ,μ = 2.588, P ＜ 0.05 ), detection of depression ( rs = 0.241 ,μ = 15.717, P ＜ 0.05 )and stress-related perception(rs =-0.310,μ= 23.112,P＜0.05) ,the corresponding behavior report rates of who experienced 3 -4 times were 66.7% ( 11/33 ) ,52.9% ( 18/34 ) ,41.2% ( 14/34 ), 17.6% ( 6/34 ),44.1% (15/34) ,44.7% (10/24).Statistical significance was found between the relations of humiliation for gay sex and frequency into concerts or theaters ( r = 0.195, χ2 = 7.933, P ＜ 0.05 ) with MSM friends,experiences of one night stands (rs =0.145,μ=2.051,P＜0.05),man-man anal sex (r=0.165,χ2 =10.823, P ＜ 0.05 ), numbers of female sexual partners ( r = 0.265, χ2 = 11.422, P ＜ 0.05 ), protectiveness of female sexual behavior in the past 6 months ( r =0.513 ,χ2 =7.442 ,P ＜0.05 ) ,detection of depression( rs =0.152 ,μ = 13.034, P ＜ 0.05 ) and stress-related perception ( rs = - 0.259,μ = 21.190, P ＜ 0.05 ), the corresponding behavior report rates of who experienced 3 - 4 times were 22.7% (5/22) ,9.1% (2/22),13.6% ( 3/22 ), 91.6% ( 2/22 ), 66.7% ( 2/3 ), 57.1% ( 4/7 ), 33.3% ( 19/57 ) .It has statistical significance between the relations of disguising their real sexual orientation in avoidance of being of HIV test ( r= 0.232, χ2 = 11.446, P ＜ 0.05 ), and stress-related perception ( rs = - 0.373 ,μ = 28.868,P ＜ 0.05 ).It was found that increasing of discrimination was connected to entrance into gay-welcome places,acceptance of HIV consultancy and tests, posting gay information among MSM friends and hold of many sexual partners.Meanwhile, the pressure was rising when depression was checked out.Conclusion Selfdiscrimination was prevalent among MSM ,which had brought critical influence on the individual behavior,MSM psychological health and prevalence of AIDS.     

男男性行为者自我歧视与性行为和心理因素的关系

Objective To understand the self-discrimination experience of MSM and its relationship with sexual behavior and psychological factors.Methods By respondent-driven sampling(RDS) method, a call-for action and anonymous self-administration questionnaire investigation was carried out in Mianyang city on experience of self-discriminations, sexual partners and behaviors and depression symptom, etc.The first 12qualified people were designated as the "root" in the whole investigation from different MSM subgroups.Every "root" would get 3 recruit cards after their own investigation,then cards could be promoted to another 3 qualified people who were willing to accept questionnaires.And this process would go on till the sample size was accomplished.χ2 test,rank correlation and contingency coefficient would be applied for the statistical analysis.Results In total, 201 persons were investigated.Within the past 6 months, 59.2%(119/201) persons felt they did harm to their family or made the family down as gays ,79.6% (160/201)had to disguise their real sexual orientation in avoidance of being discriminated, 39.3% ( 79/201 ) were humiliated for having gay sex.It showed correlation between humiliation or harm to family and frequency to disco balls/night clubs( r = 0.196, χ2 = 7.95, P ＜ 0.05 ), concerts or theaters ( r = 0.201, χ2 = 8.423, P ＜0.05 ) with MSM friends, HIV health consultancy ( r = 0.231, χ2 = 11.329, P ＜ 0.05 ), experiences of one night stands ( rs = 0.183 ,μ = 2.588, P ＜ 0.05 ), detection of depression ( rs = 0.241 ,μ = 15.717, P ＜ 0.05 )and stress-related perception(rs =-0.310,μ= 23.112,P＜0.05) ,the corresponding behavior report rates of who experienced 3 -4 times were 66.7% ( 11/33 ) ,52.9% ( 18/34 ) ,41.2% ( 14/34 ), 17.6% ( 6/34 ),44.1% (15/34) ,44.7% (10/24).Statistical significance was found between the relations of humiliation for gay sex and frequency into concerts or theaters ( r = 0.195, χ2 = 7.933, P ＜ 0.05 ) with MSM friends,experiences of one night stands (rs =0.145,μ=2.051,P＜0.05),man-man anal sex (r=0.165,χ2 =10.823, P ＜ 0.05 ), numbers of female sexual partners ( r = 0.265, χ2 = 11.422, P ＜ 0.05 ), protectiveness of female sexual behavior in the past 6 months ( r =0.513 ,χ2 =7.442 ,P ＜0.05 ) ,detection of depression( rs =0.152 ,μ = 13.034, P ＜ 0.05 ) and stress-related perception ( rs = - 0.259,μ = 21.190, P ＜ 0.05 ), the corresponding behavior report rates of who experienced 3 - 4 times were 22.7% (5/22) ,9.1% (2/22),13.6% ( 3/22 ), 91.6% ( 2/22 ), 66.7% ( 2/3 ), 57.1% ( 4/7 ), 33.3% ( 19/57 ) .It has statistical significance between the relations of disguising their real sexual orientation in avoidance of being of HIV test ( r= 0.232, χ2 = 11.446, P ＜ 0.05 ), and stress-related perception ( rs = - 0.373 ,μ = 28.868,P ＜ 0.05 ).It was found that increasing of discrimination was connected to entrance into gay-welcome places,acceptance of HIV consultancy and tests, posting gay information among MSM friends and hold of many sexual partners.Meanwhile, the pressure was rising when depression was checked out.Conclusion Selfdiscrimination was prevalent among MSM ,which had brought critical influence on the individual behavior,MSM psychological health and prevalence of AIDS.     

Intensive Insulin Therapy of the Patients with Diabetic Multiple Organ Failure

Objective The aim of this study was to ascertain whether intensive insulin therapy is effective in diabetic multiple organ failure. Methods 85 cases of diabetic multiple organ failure were conducted in two groups. One group （ n = 46, male 23, female 23 ） received intensive insulin therapy. The blood glucose levels of intensive insulin therapy group preserve 4.4mmol/L to 6. 1mmol/L. While the control group （n= 39, male 20, female 19） received regular insulin therapy. The blood glucose levels of control group were 10 mmol/L to 11.7mmol/L. The rate of infection and mortality were measured regularly during the study. Resuts There was significant decrease in rate of infection （86.2%, 30. 0%, P 〈 0.01 ） and mortality（48.3 %, 26.7 %, P 〈 0.01 ） among patients with diabetic multiple organ failure. Conclusion These results suggest that intensive insulin therapy might decrease rate of infection and mortality.     

北京市大学在校生男男性行为者HIV感染状况及其相关危险陛行为调查

目的 了解北京市大学在校生男男性行为者的HIV感染状况及其相关危险性行为.方法 研究对象主要通过网络招募,采用自填式问卷调查.问卷内容包括人口学信息与艾滋病相关危险行为等.问卷完成后采集血液样本进行HIV血清学检测.单因素分析采用X2检验,多因素分析采用logistic同归.结果 研究成功招募157人.平均年龄为(22.7±2.8)岁,少数民族占12.1%,77.7%自我认同为同性恋.98.1%曾有肛交行为,73.9%报告肛交是常采用的性行为方式.157人中近6个月有58.6%发生过无保护肛交,有58.0%口交时从不使用安全套,其中59.2%存在多性伴(性伴数≥2)行为.近50.0%认为自己不可能感染HIV或者风险很小,检测发现HIV阳性率为2.5%.logistic回归分析结果 显示,曾与陌生人发生性行为(OR=13.10)、了解"肛交时做主动方比做被动方感染HIV风险小"(OR=3.37)以及曾去同性恋酒吧(OR=2.49)是近6个月发生多性伴行为的独立危险因素.结论 大学在校生男男性行为者无保护肛交和多性伴行为较普遍.亟需开展有针对性的干预活动,预防HIV在该人群中传播.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the prevalence of HIV and risky sexual behaviors among university students who have sex with men(MSM)in Beijing.Methods MSM students in the universities were mainly recruited via internet.Questionnaires were self-administered to collect social demographic information and AIDS-related risky sexual behaviors.After completing the questionnaire,blood sample was collected to determine HIV infection through serological testing.X2 test and logistic regression were employed for univariate and multivariate analysis,respectively.Results A total of 157 students were recruited with mean age of 22.7±2.8 years old,12.1%of them were minorities and 77.7% were self-identified as homosexual.98.1% had engaged in anal intercourse(AI)in their lifetime and 73.9%reported that AI was common sexual behavior they often practised.In the past 6 months,58.6% had ever had unprotected anal intercourse(UAI),58.0% never used condoms during oral intercourse,and 59.2% had multiple sex partners(≥2).Nearly half of them believed that they were at low or no risk of contracting HIV and the prevalence of HIV infection was 2.5%.Data from logistic regression analysis showed that ever having had sex with a casual partner in a lifetime (OR=13.10).understanding that serving an insertive role had less risk than being receptive during the AI (OR=3.37),and ever having been to a gay bar(OR=2.49)was independently related to having multiple sex partners in the past 6 months.Conclusion Despite the extensive programs on education,behaviors regarding UAI and ever having had multiple sex partners were silll commonly seen among university MSM students.Interventions were needed to prevent HIV transmission in this population.     

北京市男男性行为者安全套使用社会规范与无保护性肛交关系的研究

Objective To understand the prevalence of and factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse(UAI)among men who have sex with men(MSM)in Beijing.Methods Five hundred MSM were recruited for a survey using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS)method, from September to October in 2009. A computer-assisted, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather information including demographics, sexual behaviors and condom use social norms(a scaled number). Variables were evaluated by using RDSAT and SAS software.Results Mean age of the participants was 30.6 years, with 96.0% of them as Han ethnicity and68.5% having had at least high school or higher education level. 72.8% of them were unmarried, with 61.7% of them identified themselves as homosexual, 61.2% had ＞ 1 male partners in the past six months, and the prevalence of UAI was 42.0%. Significant bivariate predictors of UAI would include condom use social norms score, role for anal sex with male sex partner, number of male sexual partners in the past 6 months and amount of alcohol consumed. In multivariable analysis, UAI was associated with a higher condom use social norms score(AOR= 1.2, 95%CI: 1.1-1.3), receptive anal intercourse(AOR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.3-3.2)and drinking alcohol more than 3 times per month in the past 12 months(AOR=1.6, 95%CI: 1.1-2.5). Conclusion The prevalence of UAI was high in the MSM community in Beijing, suggesting that efforts should be targeting on how to make the condom use a social norm and being promoted.     

北京市男男性行为者安全套使用社会规范与无保护性肛交关系的研究

Objective To understand the prevalence of and factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse(UAI)among men who have sex with men(MSM)in Beijing.Methods Five hundred MSM were recruited for a survey using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS)method, from September to October in 2009. A computer-assisted, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather information including demographics, sexual behaviors and condom use social norms(a scaled number). Variables were evaluated by using RDSAT and SAS software.Results Mean age of the participants was 30.6 years, with 96.0% of them as Han ethnicity and68.5% having had at least high school or higher education level. 72.8% of them were unmarried, with 61.7% of them identified themselves as homosexual, 61.2% had ＞ 1 male partners in the past six months, and the prevalence of UAI was 42.0%. Significant bivariate predictors of UAI would include condom use social norms score, role for anal sex with male sex partner, number of male sexual partners in the past 6 months and amount of alcohol consumed. In multivariable analysis, UAI was associated with a higher condom use social norms score(AOR= 1.2, 95%CI: 1.1-1.3), receptive anal intercourse(AOR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.3-3.2)and drinking alcohol more than 3 times per month in the past 12 months(AOR=1.6, 95%CI: 1.1-2.5). Conclusion The prevalence of UAI was high in the MSM community in Beijing, suggesting that efforts should be targeting on how to make the condom use a social norm and being promoted.     

深圳市男男性行为人群相关高危行为干预及其影响因素研究

目的 了解深圳市男男性行为者(MSM)安全套使用及其相关影响因素.方法 2009年8-11月招募深圳市同性恋聚集地的同性接触人群作为访谈对象,采用统一调查表进行问卷调查.对调查的273名MSM进行人口学和行为特征分析;以近6个月发生性行为时不能坚持每次使用安全套的行为为应变量,而各类影响因素为自变量进行logistic回归分析.结果 调查对象来自全国各地,绝大部分为青壮年,平均年龄27.9岁,以未婚居多,文化程度较高,但对艾滋病知识缺乏;安全套使用率低,过去1年每次性行为均使用安全套的比例为20.5%;与同性发生性行为不使用安全套的原因主要是对方为"稳定的性伴和爱人"、"年轻,看起来没病"、"没有滥交".结论 深圳市MSM危险性行为普遍存在,安全套使用情况和影响因素各不相同,艾滋病极有可能在该人群中流行.

Abstract：

Objective To learn the condom-use and it's associated factors among men who have sex with men(MSM)in Shenzhen,so as to provide scientific basis for the development of prevention and control program.Methods Cross-sectional survey was conducted with standardized questionnaire used on individual case.Associated factors with behavior of not persistent condom use were analyzed,using logistic regression method as dependent variable and associated factors with behaviors as independent variables.Results Most of the MSM were young,with average age as 27.9.coming from 26 provinces of China.Only 20.5 percent of the participants were persistently using condoms every time with their sex partners in the past year. The main reasons of not constantly using condom with their male sex partners were having fixed partners,being young,healthy and being faithful.Conclusion High risk sexual behaviors and the low rate of condom-use among MSM might serve as potential risks for HIV epidemics.Data on the rate of condom use and the influencing factors among MSM varied for different sexual partners,suggested that targeted prevention measures should be conducted.     

联合应用子宫输卵管造影和B超监测卵泡治疗不孕症的疗效观察

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect on the infertilitas feminis combining hysterosalpingography (HSG) and B ultraphonic monitor for the follicle. Methods Five hundred and eighty-four patients with infertility were divided into two groups by random digits table: control group with 292 patients received the combined optimized treatment, and study group with 292 patients received the combined optimized treatment and optimizing fallopian tube to be pregnant. All patients received the HSG while the patients of the study group received the B ultraphonic monitor for the dominant follicle besides. Results The intrauterine gestation rate in the study group was higher than that in the control group [ 40.07% (117/292) vs. 19.86% (58/292)] (P ＜0.01),and the eccyesis rate was lower than that in the control group [29.79% (87/292) vs. 51.37%(l50/292)](P＜0.01). The eccyesis rate in fallopian tube incompletely unobstructed [74.36% (58/78)] was higher than that in hydrosalpinx [ 38.96% (30/77)] , salpingemphraxis [38.24% (104/272)] and fallopian tube unobstructed[28.66%(45/157)](P＜0.01). Conclusions HSG can detect and imply the situation of the fallopian tube of the infertilitas feminis women, and B ultraphonic can monitor the follicular development to catch the dominant follicle. Combining these two detection and guiding sexual life can raise the intrauterine gestation rate. It should be widely use in clinic.     

艾滋病患者马尔尼菲青霉菌优势株酵母相全长cDNA文库的构建和初步分析

Objective To construct a full length cDNA library of the dominant strain of Penicillium marneffei (PM) in yeast phase isolated from AIDS patients in Guangdong province and screen UniGenes as well as full-length genes, so as to establish the foundation for the study of PM's functional genes and pathogenic mechanisms. Methods CloneMiner cDNA construction kit was utilized to extract mRNA of the dominant PM strain isolated from AIDS patients in Guangdong province. The mRNA was reversed into cDNA, then cloned into a pDONR222 vector by BP recombination to obtain an Uncut cDNA library, which was homogenized later to construct a normalized cDNA library with the principal of saturation hybridization for DNA genome. 2000 clones were chosen randomly to make a bi-directional sequencing and analyzed with bioinformatics for screening UniGenes and full-length genes. Results The total clone number of the Uncut cDNA library was 1.16 × 107 cfu/mL, with a recombination rate of 95% and an average insertion element being over 1 kb. The total clone number of the normalized cDNA library was 1.18 × 106 cfu/mL, with a recombination rate of 95% and an average insertion element being over 1 kb as well. 1945 genes which DNA length were longer than 1 kb were obtained by sequencing and merged into 1360 UniG enes, of which 632 genes were full-length ones. Conclusions The full-length cDNA library of the dominant strain of PM from AIDS patients in Guangdong province possesses good quality.Meanwhile, the technical routine presents high efficiency in obtaining full-length genes and establishing a gene expression spectrum, which can contentedly meet the needs of future experiments.     

机械制造和陶瓷及钢铁行业接尘工人防护行为调查

目的 了解接尘工人的防护行为,为接尘工人的健康教育提供参考依据.方法 采用现场询问,调查员填写问卷的方法对唐山市机械制造、陶瓷、钢铁行业有代表性的3家企业的746名接尘工人进行调查.将所有数据录入计算机,整理数据后,用Excel建立数据库,应用SPSS11.5统计分析软件分析学历、工龄、培训与否等因素对防护行为的影响.结果 唐山市接尘工人定期体检率和要求发放防护用品率分别为94.4%和75.3%,选择有效方式防护率较低(15.4%).不同学历接尘工人定期体检率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).参加过粉尘防护知识培训的接尘工人选择有效方式防护率(20.3%),定期体检率(98.3%),要求发放防护用品率(86.4%)均高于未参加过培训的接尘工人(13.9%、93.1%、71.9%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).不同企业接尘工人的有效防护率、定期体检率及要求发放防护用品率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 唐山市机械制造、冶金和陶瓷行业接尘工人选择有效方式防护率普遍较低.未参加过培训的接尘工作人员选择有效方式防护率、定期体检率和要求上级发放防护用品率较低.

Abstract：

Objective The purposes of this thesis were to study the behavior about workers exposed to dust and provide scientific basis for health promotion. Methods We designed a questionnaire and carry it on the 746 dust workers in the 3 representative corporations of Machinery,Ceramic,and Metallurgy Industry.All data were input into computer. And a database was established with Excel. SPSS11.5 statistical analysis software was used to analyze the influence on protecting behavioral between the application of qualifications,different jobs, training or protection, and other aspects etc. Results The rates were 94.4% and 75.3% about the regular physical examination and requirements for protective equipment. The rate of choosing an effective way of protection was generally low (15.4%). There was significant difference for among different educational background workers (P＜0.01). The rates of choosing an effective way of protection (20.3%), the regular physical examination (98.3%) and requirements for protective equipment (86.4%) in the dust workers who participated in the training of dust protection were superior than those who did not participated in the training. There was the significant difference (P＜0.05 ,P＜0.01 ). There was the significant difference for the rate of effective way of protection, regular physical examination, and requirements for protective equipment among the different corporations (P＜0.05). Conclusions Dust workers' using rate about the choosing an effective way of protection was generally Iow in Machinery,Ceramic,and Metallurgy Industry. Those who were not educated had a lower using rate about the protection behavior, regular physical examination, and requirements for protective equipment than those educated.     

湖北省应城市2010年艾滋病哨点监测分析

目的 了解湖北省应城市孕产妇和性病门诊男性就诊者中艾滋病流行状况及相关行为信息.方法 按照<全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案>要求,分别对400例孕产妇和361例性病门诊男性就诊者进行问卷调查,以及艾滋病病毒抗体、梅毒抗体和丙肝抗体检测.结果 2010年共监测2类人群761例,检出HIV抗体阳性0例;检出梅毒抗体阳性4例,检出率0.5%;检出丙肝抗体阳性1例,检出率0.1%.361例男性性传播疾病就诊者中最近一年内与暗娼和临时性伴发生性行为比率分别是14.6%和17.3%.结论 应城艾滋病感染已得到良好控制.艾滋病传播高危行为表现突出的是乱性性行为,40岁左右男性是感染艾滋病高危时期,也是预防艾滋病性病干预的重点人群.而且做好外出务工人员和流动人群艾滋病防治知识宣传教育显得尤为重要.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the prevalence of AIDS among pregnant women and sexual transmitted disease ( STD) outpatients and their behavioral characteristics in Yingcheng. Methods According to the requirement of "The implementation scheme for sentinel surveillance of HIV infection in China" , the questionnaire surveys were conducted respectively among 400 pregnant women and 361 STD outpatients, and blood samples were taken from them for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis C virus (HCV) test. Results A total of 761 people were surveyed in 2010, among them no one were detected to be HIV positive 0% ) , 4 were detected to be infected with syphilis (0. 5% ) , 1 were detected to be infected with HCV (0. 1% ). Conclusion The infection of HIV in Yingcheng has been controlled well. The prominent high risk behavior of AIDS spreading in Yingcheng is heterosexual behavior. The men aged 40 are AIDS high-risk people and AIDS intervention focus people. Furthermore, it is very important to carry out publicity and education activities on AIDS to the immigrant laborers and the floating population.     

2018年开封市中小学生乙肝防治知识认知状况及影响因素分析

OBJECTIVE To understand the cognitive status and influencing factors of hepatitis B prevention knowledge among primary and secondary school students of Kaifeng City in 2018, so as to provide a good guarantee for improving students’ health awareness and disease prevention knowledge. METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted among primary and secondary school students in Kaifeng from May to July 2018 by stratified sampling and cluster sampling. The questionnaire was provided by China Liver Prevention Foundation. Questionnaire survey mainly analyzed in-depth knowledge about hepatitis B among primary and secondary school students in Kaifeng City, the score of hepatitis B related knowledge among primary and secondary school students of different ages, and the influencing factors of knowledge about hepatitis B were analyzed. RESULTS The awareness of hepatitis B related knowledge among primary and secondary school students in Kaifeng was generally low, with a total awareness rate of 47.84%. The awareness rate of knowing hepatitis B was 82.91%, which was the highest. Secondly, the awareness rate of timely vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine after birth was 73.73%. The lowest awareness rate was that there was no specific drug for hepatitis B at present, which was 13.82%. Different characteristics of primary and secondary school students had different scores of hepatitis B knowledge. Ethnic group, age, educational level and household registration had an impact on the score of hepatitis B related knowledge (P<0.05), while gender had no effect on the score of hepatitis B related knowledge (P>0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of knowledge about hepatitis B. It found that age and household registration were the factors influencing the score of knowledge about hepatitis B among primary and secondary school students. CONCLUSION It was very important for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B to strengthen the propaganda and education of hepatitis B prevention knowledge among primary and secondary school students, to do a good job in propaganda of hepatitis B transmission channels and non-transmission channels, and to find a more scientific and reasonable health education mode.     

荧光定量PCR对血及痰培养物中结核分枝杆菌DNA的检测

Objective To evaluate if fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) detection for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in blood or sputum culture can help tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. Methods A total of 81 patients with a clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis but sputum negative were enrolled, 40 were tuberculosis group and 41 coexisting HIV were HIV-TB group. Blood and sputum were cultured for bacilli or L-forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and FQ-PCR was used to detected bacilli DNA. Results For pulmonary tuberculosis group, 54.1 %(20/37) were positive for bacilli or Informs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum by FQ-PCR, 27.5% (11/40) were positive in blood culture, 22.5%(9/40) were positive in blood by FQ-PCR, and the total positive rate of blood was 42.5% (17/40). But for HIV-TB group, only 2 positive cultures were found in 10 sputum, the positive rate of blood culture was 7.3% (3/41), and the positive rate of blood was 17.1%(7/41) by FQ-PCR. There was no significant difference between two groups in the positive rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by FQ-PCR after blood cultures (P > 0.05). The total positive rates detected by FQ-PCR of sputum or blood cultures were 65.0% (26/40) and 22.0% (9/41) respectively, and there was significant difference between two groups( χ2 = 15.305, P < 0.01). Conclusions FQ-PCR for blood or sputum culture detection appears to be a useful method to diagnose TB in persons with or without HIV infection. The use of FQ-PCR significantly enhance the efficiency of the etiological diagnosis of sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis.     

荧光定量PCR对血及痰培养物中结核分枝杆菌DNA的检测

Objective To evaluate if fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) detection for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in blood or sputum culture can help tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. Methods A total of 81 patients with a clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis but sputum negative were enrolled, 40 were tuberculosis group and 41 coexisting HIV were HIV-TB group. Blood and sputum were cultured for bacilli or L-forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and FQ-PCR was used to detected bacilli DNA. Results For pulmonary tuberculosis group, 54.1 %(20/37) were positive for bacilli or Informs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum by FQ-PCR, 27.5% (11/40) were positive in blood culture, 22.5%(9/40) were positive in blood by FQ-PCR, and the total positive rate of blood was 42.5% (17/40). But for HIV-TB group, only 2 positive cultures were found in 10 sputum, the positive rate of blood culture was 7.3% (3/41), and the positive rate of blood was 17.1%(7/41) by FQ-PCR. There was no significant difference between two groups in the positive rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by FQ-PCR after blood cultures (P > 0.05). The total positive rates detected by FQ-PCR of sputum or blood cultures were 65.0% (26/40) and 22.0% (9/41) respectively, and there was significant difference between two groups( χ2 = 15.305, P < 0.01). Conclusions FQ-PCR for blood or sputum culture detection appears to be a useful method to diagnose TB in persons with or without HIV infection. The use of FQ-PCR significantly enhance the efficiency of the etiological diagnosis of sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis.     

2575名在校大学生亲密伴侣暴力现况研究

目的 了解大学生恋爱中的性行为和亲密伴侣暴力行为情况,探讨亲密伴侣暴力与大学生其他部分心理行为的关系.方法 采取整群抽样的方法,对合肥和芜湖市3所高校2575名在校大学生进行问卷调查,内容包括恋爱情况、遭受亲密伴侣暴力情况、抑郁症状、自尊、学校生活满意度和自杀相关心理行为.x2检验和方差分析探讨不同恋爱经历大学生心理行为状况的差异.结果 2575名大学生中46.9%有过恋爱经历;男生高于女生,大二、三年级学生高于大一年级学生(x2值分别为44.13、161.84,P值均<0.05).目前正在恋爱的大学生中21.1%报告与现在的恋人发生过性行为,其中仅有21.8%(34/156)每次都使用安全套,11.5%(18/156)从不采用任何避孕措施,18.6%(29/156)与现在恋人(女友)发生性行为而怀孕,孕后到正规医院进行处理的比例仅占48.3%(14/29).有过恋爱经历的大学生中,遭受躯体暴力、心理暴力、性暴力、总暴力的报告率分别为18.0%、33.6%、5.1%、37.1%;男生遭受躯体暴力、心理暴力、总暴力的比例均高于女生,女生遭受性暴力的比例高于男生(x2值分别为70.21、13.25、14.04、5.77,P值均<0.05).在遭受过亲密伴侣暴力的大学生中,有74.2%(345/446)经历过3次以上亲密伴侣暴力.经历过亲密伴侣暴力的大学生抑郁症状得分最高,自尊和学校生活满意度得分最低(F值分别为4.00、16.39和8.76,P值均<0.05),自杀意念、自杀计划、自杀准备、自杀未遂的报告率均最高(x2值分别为13.80、9.72、8.52、11.96,P值均<0.05).结论 大学生恋人间性行为发生率较高,且保护意识缺乏;大学生亲密伴侣暴力现象较常见,且与其他不良心理行为关系密切.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the prevalence of love affairs and intimate partner violence,and to explore the relationship between intimate partner violence and other mental health and risk behavior in college students.Methods Three universities were selected using cluster sampling method in Hefei and Wuhu.Totally.2575 college students completed an anonymous questionnaire.Intimate partner violence,depression,satisfaction of school life,self-esteem,suicidal psychology and behavior were evaluated to estimate the relationship between intimate partner violence and mental health/risk behavior.Results There were 46.9%students reported that they had intimate partner currently or in the past.The rate of having intimate partner in male students was higher than that in female students(x2=44.13,P<0.001).And the rates were higher in sophomores and juniors than in freshmen(x2=161.84,P<0.05).There were 21.1% students had sexual behavior with their intimate partners.But only 21.8%(34/156)intimate partners reported that they used condom every time.There were 11.5%(18/156)intimate partners reported that they never took any contraception.There were 18.6%(29/156)students reported that they were pregnant or led to their girlfriend becoming pregnant,but only less than 50.0% adolescents induced abortion in a legal hospitals.The rates of being the victim of physical assault,emotional abuse,sexual coercion,the total intimate partner violence were 18.0%,33.6%,5.1%.37.1%.The rates of being the victim of physical assault,emotional abuse,total intimate partner violence in male adolescents were higher than those in female adolescents,but the rate of sexual coercion was on the contrary(x2=70.21,13.25,14.04,5.77,P<0.05).Among the intimate partners who had suffered from intimate partner,74.2%(345/446)students had underwent more than 3 times.and 47.1% had underwent more than 2 types of intimate partner violence.The score of depression was highest in the victims of intimate partner violence,but the scores of self-esteem and school life satisfaction were on the contrary(F=4.00,16.39,8.76,P<0.05).The rates of suicidal ideation,suicidal plan,suicidal preparative and attempted suicide were highest in the victims of intimate partner violence(x2=13.80,9.72,8.52,11.96,P<0.05).Conclusion The rate of having sexual behavior with their intimate partners was high in college students,but their self-protection awareness was insufficient.In the present study,a high prevalence of intimate partner violence among university students was observed,and highlighted a need for attention to the other mental health and risk behavior in adolescents with intimate partner violence.     

Fixed Bleeding Point by Ligating and Lienectomy Monocarpic Curing Massive Haemorrhage Drastically Leaded by Esophageal Varicose Vein

Abstract Objective To study the newest operation method so that simple and safe monocarpic operation cure the deadly massive haemorrhage drastically leaded by hepatocirrhosis, portal hypertension and esophageal varicose vein. Methods By the methods of emergency operation, by - renter, fixed blood point was ligated in esophagus cavity of venter. To block the collateral circulation among veins between the esophagus in venter of coronary vein and mucous membrane of esophagus（ portal- azygos block in antrum）. Shock was corrected quickly. Meantime, large spleen was removed. Varicosity of esophagus in vender disappeared entirely（ non - varicosity of esophagus in vender）. The recrudescence of massive haemorrhage could be prevented. The method didn＇t damage coronary vein and the main branch. After esophagus branch at vender by esophagus cavity was ligated, the blood stream of coronary vein changed suddenly. It reversed upwards from esophagus by thorax to azygos vein（ exalted independent diffluence）. Liver was affused by stomach, duodenum, pancreas and splenic vein with abundant abundant gene. Due to excision of spleen, exalted independent diffluence and decreased portal hypertension, and stimuli spasmodic reaction of vascular nonstriated muscle in liver antrum and liver was decreased. The blood supply of portal vein affused by liver was increased. The liver cells regenerated by CT in clinic. Results During the year of 1961 to 2002, 149 cases of deadly massive haemorrhage drastically leaded by esophageal varicose vein of hepatocirrhosis after putrescence of liver caused by hepatitis in 46 hospitals of North China and Northeast were rescued by emergency operation （ 35 cases of severe shock, 54 cases of moderate shock）. The average age was 46.5 years＇ old. Bleeding part ： 81% of fixed bleeding point（ 125/149）; 6% of upper margin bleeding of loop cardia（ 9/149） ; 6% of displacement bleeding point（9/149）. The effective rate of arresting bleeding by emergency operation was 100%. Recurrence rate of long- dated bleeding after operation was zero. 18 cases （ 12% ） of gastric disease of portal hypertension were healed in medicine. The death rate of emergency rate was 3.3% （5/149）. 133 cases were followed up at randomly after operation （ 89 % ）. The survival rate of more than five years, ten years, twenty years were 89%, 54% and 17% respectively. The survival life after operation was good and generally could come back to normal life and work. One had lived for 40 years. Conclusions （1） The detection of fixed bleeding point was the important breakthrough in hepatic disease during the recent 100 years. By exactly controlling fixed bleeding point, massivc hacmorrhage was stopped immediately and severe shock was corrected quickly. Venous nubble of esophagus in renter and other parts was shrank and vanished. （2） lienectomy was done during the operation at the same time. It could decrease portal hypertension as to form the non - varicosity of esophagus. The massive haemorrhage leaded by esophageal varicose vein of hepatocirrhosis was cured. （3） The integrality of coronary vein and the main branch was contained and was prevented from any damages. This was the sticking point for the regeneration of liver cells of terminal hepatocirrhosis.     

2001-2009年部分高校生命科学青年基金项目分析

This study analyzed the average annual growth rate of Youth Science Fund projects and the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar in 11 colleges and universities.Those projects were funded by the department of life science of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in 2001- 2009.The average annual growth rate was calculated by Algebraic average method.The results showed that:① the average annual growth rate of Youth Science Fund project rose or dropped with the rise or drop of average annual growth rate of Science Fund Project.② the rapid growth of Youth Science Fund projects may enhance the ability of colleges and universities to gain National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar.③ the capability of colleges and universities to gain life science project funded by NSFC is not balanced among different regions,and this gap is widening,and ④ to narrow the gap between disciplines,greater effort is needed to train outstanding young scholars.     

2001-2009年部分高校生命科学青年基金项目分析

This study analyzed the average annual growth rate of Youth Science Fund projects and the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar in 11 colleges and universities.Those projects were funded by the department of life science of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in 2001- 2009.The average annual growth rate was calculated by Algebraic average method.The results showed that:① the average annual growth rate of Youth Science Fund project rose or dropped with the rise or drop of average annual growth rate of Science Fund Project.② the rapid growth of Youth Science Fund projects may enhance the ability of colleges and universities to gain National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar.③ the capability of colleges and universities to gain life science project funded by NSFC is not balanced among different regions,and this gap is widening,and ④ to narrow the gap between disciplines,greater effort is needed to train outstanding young scholars.