急性心肌梗死患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后造影剂肾病的影响因素及预后

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后造影剂肾病(CIN)的影响因素及对预后的影响.方法 选择2012年1月至2016年12月在西安市第一医院心内科行急诊PCI的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者320例,检测术前及术后48 h、72 h的血清肌酐,比较CIN组与非CIN组患者的临床资料及不良预后事件.结果 320例心肌梗死患者共发生CIN 62例(19.38%);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,入院时左心室射血分数(LVEF)及内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、糖尿病肾病、心源性休克及造影剂用量是发生CIN的独立危险因素(P<0.05);CIN组不良事件总发生率为59.68%,明显高于非CIN组的10.08%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 CIN是急性心肌梗死患者行急诊PCI者的常见并发症,会增加住院期间不良事件的发生率,应针对危险因素积极预防.     

急性心肌梗死患者行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗后对比剂肾病的临床研究

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后对比剂肾病(CIN)的发生率、相关因素以及对预后的影响。方法选择186例接受急诊PCI的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者,测定其术前和术后48～72h内的血清肌酐水平(Scr),记录患者临床资料及住院期间发生的主要不良事件。CIN定义为术后48～72h内Scr升高>25%,或绝对值升高≥44.2μmol·L-1(0.5mg·dL-1)。结果 186例患者中有34例发生CIN(CIN组),152例为非CIN(非CN组),CIN发生率为18.3%。CIN组患者年龄较非CIN组更大(P<0.05),CIN组肾功能不全、左室射血分数(LVEF)<40%、合并心力衰竭(Killip≥Ⅱ级)的患者明显多于非CIN组(P<0.01),所有心源性休克患者均发生了CIN;CIN组术前使用他汀类药物的患者比例低于非CIN组(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,肾功能不全(基线肌酐清除率<60mL·min-1)、使用主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)、心源性休克、术前他汀治疗与CIN的发生有关。CIN组患者的住院时间较非CIN组延长,住院期间主要不良事件发生率增高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 CIN是急诊PCI患者的常见并发症,可能增加住院期间不良事件的发生率。肾功能不全和血流动力学不稳定是CIN的危险因素,术前他汀治疗是减少CIN发生的预测因素。     

急诊冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死的效果探讨

目的探讨急诊冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死患者的临床效果。方法随机选取90例急性心肌梗死患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,各45例。对照组采用静脉溶栓治疗,实验组实施急诊冠脉介入治疗,对比两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果实验组患者非致死心梗、心源性死亡、出血等终点事件的发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组患者住院时间较对照组短,左室射血分数较对照组高(P<0.05)。结论采用急诊冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死疗效显著,安全可靠,建议在临床上进一步推广。     

冠状动脉介入治疗诱发造影剂肾病的危险因素及预后

目的探讨接受冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的冠心病患者发生造影剂肾病(CIN)的危险因素及其预后。方法收集624例接受PCI治疗的冠心病患者的临床资料及随访资料,按CIN诊断标准将其分为CIN组(53例)和非CIN组(571例),分析CIN发生危险因素及CIN患者的预后。结果624例接受PCI治疗的冠心病患者中有53例发生CIN,CIN发生率为8.49%,多变量逻辑分析显示CIN的危险因素为肾功能不全、糖尿病和造影剂剂量;CIN组与非CIN组患者住院期间心源性死亡率分别为3.77%和1.40%(P>0.05),两组患者术后1年心源性死亡、心肌梗死、靶血管重建及心血管事件发生率分别为(9.43%vs2.80%)、(3.77%vs1.75%)、(7.55%vs4.55%)及(13.20%vs7.36%),其中两组患者术后1年心源性死亡率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论肾功能不全、糖尿病和造影剂剂量是PCI术后造影剂肾病发生的危险因素,PCI术后CIN患者心源性死亡率较非CIN患者高。     

冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后并发造影剂肾病的危险因素分析及防治策略探讨

摘要：目的总结分析接受冠脉介入治疗的冠心病患者发生造影剂肾病（contrast induced nephropathy,CIN）的危险因素、
临床预后及防治策略。方法回顾总结1232例冠状动脉介入治疗中91例并发CIN患者的危险因素、心血管事件及防治策
略。结果术前伴随的慢性肾功能不全、糖尿病和大剂量使用造影剂与CIN的发生密切相关。CIN患者住院期间心源性
死亡率,以及术后1年的心源性死亡率、心肌梗死发生率、心血管事件发生率均较非CIN组患者的明显升高。结论慢性
肾功能不全、糖尿病和造影剂剂量是3个独立的CIN危险因素,而且CIN可以影响病人的预后。目前加强冠脉介入治疗
围手术期的综合管理,特别是水化疗法,是目前防治CIN的重要策略。     

阿托伐他汀联合替罗非班在老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊介入治疗中的应用

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀联合替罗非班在老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊冠脉介入治疗中的应用。方法:回顾性分析60例老年急性心肌梗死患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各30例。两组患者均实施经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,同时静脉滴注替罗非班,观察组患者加服阿托伐他汀。评估两组患者冠脉血流TIMI分级情况以及主要不良心脏事件和出血并发症的发生率情况。结果:观察组患者术后梗死相关血管血流TIMI 3级所占比例为100.0%,明显高于对照组(P<0.05);主要不良心脏事件发生率为10.0%,出血并发症发生率为16.7%,均明显低于对照组的43.3%、33.3%(P<0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀联合替罗非班在老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊冠脉介入治疗中的临床效果显著,预后不良反应减少,具有一定的临床推广意义。     

脑梗死患者行经皮血管成形并支架置入术后造影剂肾病的临床研究

目的:探讨低渗非离子造影剂对行经皮血管成形并支架置入术的脑梗死患者肾功能的影响.方法:选择接受经皮血管成形并支架置入术的脑梗死患者115例,患者均应用低渗非离子造影剂.测定术前和术后1、2、3 d肾功能,分析低渗非离子造影剂对脑梗死患者肾功能的影响.结果:115例脑梗死患者经皮血管成形并支架置入术后发生造影剂肾病(CIN)20例,发生率为17.4%.平均造影剂剂量CIN组为(230±33)ml,非CIN组为(120±60)ml,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).应用造影剂201～250 ml组肌酐水平与100～150 ml组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:脑梗死患者行经皮血管成形并支架置入术后造影剂肾病的发生率与造影剂剂量相关.     

低渗造影剂在急诊PCI术中应用的安全性分析

目的评价在急诊冠脉介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者中,针对造影剂肾病（CIN）发生的低中危人群选择性使用价格相对便宜的低渗造影剂的安全性。方法前瞻性研究了在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院CCU病房接受急诊PCI的AMI患者226例,根据Mehran R危险分层将患者分为低中危组、高危组,低中危的患者随机使用等渗造影剂碘克沙醇（A亚组）或低渗造影剂碘海醇（B亚组）,高危组使用碘克沙醇,采集患者基础、造影剂接触后24 h、48 h、72 h血清肌酐及尿素氮水平,并随访3年,分析两种造影剂对的患者肾功能的影响。结果患者平均年龄（59±11）岁,低中危组占63%,A亚组71人中3人发生CIN（4.2%）、B亚组73人中2人发生CIN（2.7%）,A、B两亚组CIN的发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。低中危组CIN发生率为3.5%（5/144）;高危组发生率为9.8%（8/82）,总的CIN发生率5.8%低于文献报道。结论根据危险程度有选择地使用造影剂可降低急诊PCI造影剂肾病的发生率。针对低中危人群有选择性地使用价格相对便宜的低渗造影剂仍是安全的。     

慢性肾功能不全患者应用碘克沙醇临床报告

目的探讨碘克沙醇对重度肾功能不全患者的影响。方法回顾性分析住院行冠状动脉造影及介入治疗126例患者的资料,根据造影剂的选择将受试者分为等渗造影剂-碘克沙醇组(A组),72例;低渗造影剂-碘海醇组(B组),54例。比较2组患者的临床特点、造影前后血清肌酐(Scr)和肌酐清除率(Ccr)的变化、造影剂肾病(CIN)的发生率以及近期预后。结果慢性肾功能不全患者发生CIN的危险因素在2组间差异无统计学意义;2种造影剂均可能引起Scr的增高及Ccr的下降,导致CIN的发生,但碘克沙醇组CIN发病率明显低于碘海醇组(4.2%vs29.6%,P<0.05);6例受试者发生不良反应,其中碘海醇组5例,碘克沙醇组1例。结论与低渗性造影剂相比,等渗性造影剂可以降低Scr水平及RCIN的发病率,减少不良事件的发生,适用于慢性肾功能不全患者或合并糖尿病患者。     

探讨急诊冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死的临床效果及安全性

目的探讨急诊冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死的临床效果及安全性。方法收集我院2015年4月至2016年4月期间接诊并进行了急诊冠脉介入治疗的100例急性心肌梗死患者作为研究对象,回顾性分析纳入病例的治疗方法及治疗效果,观察治疗前后患者血小板积聚率变化、住院期间心血管事件发生率和心功能改善情况,统计术后不良事件,分析介入治疗的安全性。结果治疗前后患者血小板积聚率变化显著(P0.05),随着时间的推延病人血小板积聚率逐渐趋向正常;冠脉介入治疗后患者心功能逐渐改善;术后不良事件发生率低,安全性高。结论 PCI是有效而安全的急性心肌梗死治疗方式。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.