双胎体重不均衡临床病例分析

目的 探讨双胎体重不均衡与母亲妊娠期合并症及新生儿疾病的关系.方法 回顾性分析2010-2011年在我院分娩、并住我院新生儿重症监护病房治疗的双胎,双胎新生儿体重差≥20％为体重不均衡组,＜20％为体重均衡组,比较两组母亲合并症情况及两组新生儿结局.结果 共纳入74对双胎,其中体重不均衡组31对,占41.9％,母亲合并妊娠期高血压综合征、胎膜早破、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症、妊娠期糖尿病的比例均明显高于体重均衡组[41.9％比16.3％,32.2％比9.3％,35.5％比11.6％,25.8％比7.0％,P＜0.05].体重不均衡组新生儿窒息、肺炎、高胆红素血症、呼吸窘迫综合征、贫血、红细胞增多症、喂养不耐受的发生率均高于体重均衡组[16.1％比4.6％,19.4％比4.6％,12.9％比3.5％,17.7％比4.6％,17.7％比5.8％,14.5％比3.5％,19.4％比4.6％,P＜0.05].Logistic多元回归分析显示,母亲合并妊娠期高血压综合征、肝内胆汁淤积症、糖尿病,以及新生儿窒息、肺炎、高胆红素血症、呼吸窘迫综合征、贫血、喂养不耐受均与双胎体重不均衡有关.结论 母亲妊娠期合并症与双胎体重不均衡有关,而双胎体重不均衡可能为新生儿疾病的影响因素.     

双胎妊娠并其中一胎羊膜带综合征报告

羊膜带综合征(amniotic band syndrome,ABS)是指部分羊膜破裂产生纤维束,使胚胎或胎儿与羊膜带黏连,束缚、压迫,缠绕胎儿,使胎儿受累器官出现分裂或发育畸形.严重者可至胎儿死亡[1].ABS所造成的畸形有三大类:肢体畸形、颅裂面裂及腹壁缺损.在临床上很难找到2个畸形完全相同的病例.临床以先天性末端缩窄环、子宫内的肢体截断、并指趾最为常见.     

早产儿喂养不耐受的危险因素分析

目的 探讨早产儿发生喂养不耐受(FI)的危险因素.方法 对112例早产儿进行回顾性调查分析.以母体异常、羊水异常、脐带异常、胎盘异常、胎膜早破、胎龄、出生体质量、围生期感染、新生儿高胆红素血症、分娩方式等17个高危因素进行单因素分析,采用Logistic回归分析各个危险因素与早产儿发生FI的相关性.结果 112例早产儿中53例发生FI,发生率为47.32%.经单因素分析显示FI组产前因素中分娩方式、胎膜早破、羊水异常、脐带异常,出生后因素中高胆红素血症、贫血、使用肺表面活性物质与无相关因素早产儿比较均无统计学差异.多因素Logistic回归分析显示:宫内窘迫、胎盘异常和围生期感染是FI发病的危险因素;胎龄、产前使用糖皮质激素是发生FI的保护因素.结论 早产儿出生胎龄越小,发生FI的概率越高,产前使用糖皮质激素可减少FI发生,存在宫内窘迫、胎盘异常和围生期感染的早产儿易发生FI,在建立胃肠营养时要区别对待.     

我国早产儿喂养不耐受危险因素的Meta分析

目的 探讨我国早产儿喂养不耐受的主要危险因素,为今后防治工作提供依据.方法 通过文献检索收集我国早产儿喂养不耐受危险因素的病例对照研究,采用Rev Man 5.0分析软件,首先进行异质性检验,当结果 不存在异质性,以固定效应模型描述,存在异质性时,以随机效应模型表达,将资料进行定量综合,采用比值比(OR)及其95%可信区间(95%C1)表示.结果 共7篇文献符合条件纳入研究,累计病例471例,对照910例.Meta分析结果 表明,出生体重<1500 g较出生体重≥1500 g早产儿喂养不耐受发生率明显增加(OR4.65,95%CI3.13～6.91);胎龄<34周较胎龄≥34周早产儿喂养不耐受发生率明显增加(OR2.56,95%CO1.92～3.40);出生后≥3 d开奶较出生后<3 d开奶早产儿喂养不耐受发生率明显增加(OR6.12,95% CI4.03～9.29);出生后使用氨茶碱(OR 7.66,95% CI 3.72～15.75)、机械通气(OR2.00,95%CI 1.17～3.41)、出生时窒息(OR3.23,95%CI2.12～4.92)、胎儿宫内窘迫(OR 3.13,95%CI1.87～5.26)均增加早产儿喂养不耐受的发生率.结论 目前影响我国早产儿喂养不耐受发生的主要因素为出生体重、胎龄、使用氨茶碱、开奶时间、出生窒息、机械通气、胎儿宫内窘迫,尽早干预、消除相关危险因素将有利于改善早产儿的喂养耐受性.     

胎-胎输血综合征对胎儿及新生儿的影响

根据双胎发生机制研究显示,在双胎妊娠中,单卵双胎占30%;在单卵双胎中,大约75%为单卵单绒毛膜双胎,其中绝大多数（98%）为单绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎（monochorionic-diamniotic,MCDA）[1]。胎-胎输血综合征（twin-twin transfusion syndrome,TTTS）是MCDA的严重并发症,在MCDA中的发生率为10%-20%     

6~12月龄婴儿缺铁性贫血的危险因素分析及对神经心理发育的影响

目的 探讨6~12月龄婴儿中、重度缺铁性贫血(IDA)的危险因素,并初步了解IDA对婴儿神经运动发育的影响及其气质特点。方法 326例6~12月龄IDA患儿为研究对象,按贫血程度分为轻度(176例)、中度(111例)、重度(39例)组 ,采用多因素logistic回归分析对中、重度IDA的危险因素进行调查。另选取同期年龄、性别等背景相匹配的346例非IDA儿童作为对照组。IDA和对照组两组均使用儿童Gesell婴幼儿发育量表、气质量表进行智能发育及气质的评估。结果 单因素分析显示,性别、出生体重、胎龄、多胎、母亲孕期贫血、母亲缺乏IDA相关知识与贫血程度有关(P< 0.05)。以轻度IDA组为对照,多因素logistic回归分析显示,多胎、早产、低出生体重(< 2 500 g)、母亲孕期贫血、母乳喂养、母亲缺乏IDA相关知识是重度贫血的危险因素(OR> 1,P< 0.05);早产,母乳喂养、混合喂养是中度贫血的危险因素(OR> 1,P< 0.05)。IDA组Gesell总发育商、大运动、适应行为、精细动作得分较对照组低(P< 0.05)。IDA组难养型及中间偏难养型气质的比例较高(P< 0.05)。IDA组活动水平、节律性、适应性、坚持性维度得分较对照组高(P< 0.05)。结论 早产、多胎、低出生体重、喂养方式、母亲孕期贫血及母亲缺乏IDA相关知识与6~12月龄婴儿IDA贫血程度相关。IDA患儿神经运动发育落后,消极气质类型居多,需加强对患儿心理行为问题的重视,指导家长选择恰当的喂养及教育方式。     

腰椎滑脱复位融合内固定术治疗儿童重度发育不良性腰椎滑脱的临床疗效及影像学分析

目的评估腰椎滑脱复位融合内固定术治疗儿童重度发育不良性腰椎滑脱(high dysplastic developmental spondylolisthesis, HDDS)的临床疗效及影像学参数变化特征。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2019年12月于首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院行腰椎滑脱复位融合内固定术的29例重度腰椎滑脱患儿临床资料, 其中男性2例、女性27例, 年龄(9.9±2.6)岁, 术前滑脱Meyerding分度为Ⅲ度16例、Ⅳ度9例、Ⅴ度4例。记录患儿术前、术后3个月及术后2年时的腰椎滑脱率、矢状面轴向垂直距离(sagittal vertical axis, SVA)、胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis, TK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis, LL)、骨盆投射角(pelvic incidence, PI)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt, PT)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope, SS)、滑脱角(slip angle, SA)等指标。采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)及日本骨科协会(Japan...     

试管婴儿双胎及自然受孕双胎临床分析

目的分析试管婴儿双胎与自然受孕双胎产妇和新生儿的临床结局。方法收集2010年1月至2014年4月106例试管婴儿双胎妊娠(试管组)与256例自然受孕双胎妊娠(对照组)的产妇年龄、妊娠周期、分娩方式、妊娠期合并症、新生儿体格发育、新生儿出生缺陷及新生儿围生期疾病等临床资料,并进行统计学比较分析。结果试管组产妇平均年龄(32±4岁)高于对照组(28±4岁,P0.05)。试管组产妇妊娠期高血压及妊娠期糖尿病发生率均显著高于对照组(均P0.05)。两组新生儿在体格发育、出生缺陷疾病发生率、围生期疾病发病率及病死率等方面比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论本研究显示试管婴儿双胎与自然受孕双胎围生期结局无明显差异;试管婴儿双胎妊娠的产妇在妊娠期需密切关注血压及血糖的波动情况。     

Nuchal translucency thickness and crown rump length discordance for the prediction of outcome in monochorionic diamniotic pregnancies

Background

Ultrasonographic features of the underlying hemodynamic changes in twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) may be present at the first trimester scan.

Aims

To investigate the value of intertwin discordance in nuchal translucency (NT) thickness and crown rump length (CRL) to predict TTTS and other adverse outcomes.

Study design

Cohort study.

Subjects

One hundred and thirty-five unselected consecutive monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies.

Outcome measures

NT and CRL discordance were assessed at 11 to 13^+ 6 weeks' gestation. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to determine their predictive ability for the subsequent development of TTTS.

Results

TTTS complicated 16/135 (12%) pregnancies. Four other pregnancies were complicated by selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) and 3 by miscarriage < 24 weeks gestation. The median NT discordance was 15% (range 0-37%) in TTTS pregnancies, 13% (12-19%) in those with miscarriage < 24 weeks’ gestation, 47% (30-50%) in those with sIUGR, and 14% (0-86%) in those without complications. Prediction for subsequent development of TTTS provided by the discordance in CRL, expressed as the area under ROC curve, was 0.52 (95% confidence interval 0.38-0.67), while it was 0.50 for NT discordance (95% confidence interval 0.35-0.64). NT discordance was significantly higher in sIUGR compared to both uncomplicated and TTTS pregnancies (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003, respectively).

Conclusion

In an unselected population of monochorionic twin pregnancies, discordance in CRL and NT measured during first trimester scan is not a clinically useful predictor of the subsequent development of TTTS. Therefore, strict ultrasound follow up is recommended for the timely diagnosis of TTTS.     

Risk factors for perinatal mortality in West Africa: a population-based study of 20326 pregnancies. MOMA group

The aim of the study was to identify simple clinical risk factors for perinatal mortality (PNM) in different areas of West Africa, to quantify their prevalence among pregnant women and to estimate their relative contribution in the definition of high-risk status of PNM. The MOMA study was a prospective population-based study in which data were collected on 20 326 pregnant women in various, primarily urban, areas of Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Senegal. The present report analyses 19 870 singleton births and 31 simple clinical variables with univariate and multivariate methods. The mean PNM ratio was 42 per 1000 total births, and 62% of these deaths were stillbirths. In the crude analysis, after adjustment or taking prevalence into account, the principal risk factors were: vaginal bleeding (immediately antenatal and intrapartum), hypertension (especially during labour), dynamic (prolonged labour and use of oxytocin) and mechanic (non-cephalic presentation) dystocia, and infection (prolonged rupture of the membranes and intrapartum fever). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the principal risk factors for PNM cannot be detected during antenatal care visits but only in early labour. High-risk status should not be based solely on antenatal care visits, but should also take into account monitoring during labour.     

Intrauterine growth restriction in a low-income country: Risk factors, adverse perinatal outcomes and correlation with current WHO Multicenter Growth Reference

Objective

To determine risk factors and adverse perinatal outcomes including nutritional status in the first week of life for newborns with intrauterine growth restriction-low birth weight (IUGR-LBW) in settings lacking facilities for routine intrauterine growth monitoring.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of all infants in an inner-city hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. IUGR-LBW was defined as full-term (gestational age ≥ 37 weeks) infant with low birth weight (< 2500 g). Nutritional/growth status at enrolment was determined by z-scores for length-for-age (HAZ), head circumference-for-age (HCZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and weight-for-length (WHZ) based on current World Health Organization's Multicentre Growth Reference (WHO-MGR). Factors and adverse outcomes associated with IUGR-LBW were explored with multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Results

Some 145 (4.3%) infants were IUGR-LBW out of 2619 eligible singletons enlisted for this study. IUGR-LBW was significantly associated with teenage mothers (OR:2.90, 95% CI:1.22-6.89), lack of antenatal care (OR:1.88, 95% CI:1.33-2.65) and female gender (OR:1.38, 95% CI: 0.98-1.93; p = 0.062). The incidence of adverse outcomes across gestational age showed significant linear trend only for low five-minute Apgar scores (p = 0.024) and WAZ (p = 0.065). IUGR-LBW was associated with poor nutritional status across all four indices (p < 0.001) as well as low 5-minute Apgar scores (p = 0.095), sepsis (p = 0.053), hyperbilirubinemia (p < 0.001) and admission into special care baby unit (p = 0.009) after multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Conclusions

IUGR-LBW correlates with poor nutritional status in the first week of life based on WHO-MGR and affected infants can be detected early for effective surveillance in resource-poor settings. Improved prenatal care among teenage mothers is necessary for reducing IUGR-LBW burden.     

Prediction and perinatal outcomes of fetal growth restriction

Assessment of fetal growth and wellbeing is one of the major purposes of antenatal care. Some fetuses have smaller than expected growth in utero and while some of these fetuses are constitutionally small, others have failed to meet their growth potential, that is they are growth restricted. While severe growth restriction is uncommon, the consequences of it being undetected may include perinatal death or severe morbidity. It is, therefore, important to have strategies in place to detect the fetus at risk of growth restriction. These would include an assessment of 'prior risk' from maternal history and examination combined with the results of biochemical and ultrasound investigations, the most promising of which are uterine artery Doppler and biochemistry. We discuss some of the factors to consider when stratifying the obstetric population into degrees of likelihood for growth restriction, and discuss aspects of the management and outcome of pregnancies complicated by growth restriction.     

早产儿医院感染败血症的危险因素及病原学分析

目的：探讨早产儿医院感染败血症的主要危险因素和病原菌分布。方法：对2003年1月至2010年12月收治的3418例早产儿进行回顾性分析,对发生医院感染败血症的危险因素进行病例对照研究。结果：早产儿医院感染败血症感染率为3.10%（106/3418）,发生感染日龄的中位数为19(4～48) d。感染病原菌中革兰阳性菌占45.2%,以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的比例较高（24.3%）;革兰阴性菌占41.7%,以肺炎克雷伯杆菌为主（25.2%）;真菌13.0%。Logistic回归分析提示出生体重、中心静脉置管和肠外营养时间是早产儿院内感染败血症的主要危险因素（OR值分别为3.765、3.051、2.998, 均P<0.05）。结论：早产儿医院感染败血症的主要危险因素是出生体重、中心静脉置管和肠外营养时间;肺炎克雷伯杆菌是早产儿医院感染败血症的主要病原菌。     

妊娠合并巨大子宫肌瘤的临床特点及围产结局

目的探讨巨大子宫肌瘤的妊娠期生长情况及其对围产结局的影响。方法 2016年1月至2018年12月,首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院产科共8 268例分娩,其中20例合并巨大子宫肌瘤(巨大肌瘤组),221例子宫肌瘤<9 cm(对照组)。根据分娩前1周的超声检查结果或剖宫产术中所见,肌瘤直径≥9 cm或重量≥800 g定义为巨大子宫肌瘤。患者定期行超声检查明确子宫肌瘤情况,分娩后对新生儿情况进行随访。采用t检验和χ2检验进行统计分析。结果 2016年1月至2018年12月,我院妊娠合并子宫肌瘤的发病率为2.9%(241/8 268),妊娠合并巨大子宫肌瘤的发病率为2.4‰(20/8 268)。巨大肌瘤组与对照组的孕妇年龄、孕产次比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。巨大肌瘤组20例中,18例患者在我院建档定期产检,早孕期子宫肌瘤平均大小为(9.0±1.9) cm,中孕期平均为(11.5±2.6) cm,晚孕期为(13.1±3.1) cm。巨大肌瘤组与对照组中,肌瘤变性疼痛发生率分别为15.0%(3/20)与6.3%(14/221),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。巨大肌瘤组中,1例于妊娠29周因母源性因素引产,1例妊娠32周胎死宫内,余18例分娩孕周为36+6~40周,巨大肌瘤组与对照组新生儿平均出生体重分别为(3 169±716)g与(3 392±452) g,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。阴道分娩者中,巨大肌瘤组与对照组的阴道出血量分别为(306±129)ml与(325±168)ml,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);剖宫产分娩者中,巨大肌瘤组术中出血量大于对照组[分别为(608±269)ml与(166±126)ml,P<0.05)]。结论随着孕周增加,子宫肌瘤可能增大。巨大子宫肌瘤孕妇不增加肌瘤性疼痛综合征的发生率。分娩前应综合评估肌瘤及母儿情况决定分娩方式,产妇有阴道分娩的机会。     

遗传和环境因素对双生子儿童攻击行为的影响

目的 了解相关遗传与环境因素对双生子儿童攻击行为的影响,为进一步探索影响其攻击行为的因果关系提供线索。方法 采用问卷法对261对4~12.8岁双生子儿童的攻击行为、气质类型及父母教养方式等进行测评;采用Holzinger法和最大似然法构建结构方程模型进行遗传度估计。采用二元logistic回归、多元线性回归和一般线性模型分析双生子儿童攻击行为和相关环境因素的关联。结果 双生子儿童攻击行为的发生遗传度为44.4%,攻击行为得分呈中度遗传（男60.9%,女65.6%）。多因素分析显示,双生子儿童攻击行为得分受母亲情感温暖/理解、母亲惩罚/严厉和父亲过度保护的共同影响（P < 0.05）,其中母亲情感温暖/理解与父亲过度保护有交互作用（P < 0.05）。结论 遗传和环境因素对儿童攻击行为均有影响;影响双生子儿童攻击行为的环境因素主要是父母教养方式。     

双胎贫血红细胞增多序列症一例及文献复习

目的 探讨双胎贫血红细胞增多序列症的临床表现、产前特点、诊断标准及分级、治疗及近期预后等,以提高临床医生对本病的认识.方法 报道1例双胎贫血红细胞增多序列症患儿的临床资料,并对近5年来已报道的15例进行文献复习.结果 双胎贫血红细胞增多序列症的报道有增多趋势.产前表现:有13/16例是自然发生的,有3/16例是发生在激光治疗术后的.16例均无羊水量差异.超声多普勒大脑中动脉峰值流速(MCA-PSV)在供血胎大于1.5 MoM的有11/16例,3/16例未测;在受血胎小于1.0 MoM的有10/16例,3/16例未测.有胎儿水肿的有6/16例.宫内干预:未治疗的9/16例,宫内输血的4/16例,胎儿镜下激光凝固胎盘吻合血管的4/16例,脐带阻塞选择性灭胎的2/16例,1/16例受血儿给予宫内血液稀释治疗.生后表现:贫血儿平均血红蛋白浓度为95 g/L,多血质儿为208g/L,胎胎间血红蛋白差异大于80 g/L的有10/16例,2/16例小于80 g/L(宫内激光治疗后).5/16例胎胎间网织红细胞比率大于1.7,1/16例小于1.7(宫内激光治疗后),8/16例未提供网织红细胞比率(使用的是网织红细胞绝对计数).10/16例胎盘彩色染料灌注有直径小于1 mm的动静脉吻合支存在,2/16例胎盘无残存的血管吻合支(宫内激光治疗后),2/16例未提供胎盘灌注结果.生后治疗:9/16例供血儿有贫血表现,其中有6/16例予输血治疗;6/16例受血儿有高黏滞血症表现,给予部分换血治疗.11/16例新生儿期神经发育正常,1/16例双胎颅脑超声持续脑室周围白质高回声,本例随访至纠正胎龄3个月时神经发育正常,继续随访中.结论 双胎贫血红细胞增多序列症是胎胎输血综合征的一个特殊类型:单绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎,产前无明显羊水量差异,出生体重相差不大,但血红蛋白相差明显且网织红细胞比率增高.对于单绒毛膜双羊膜囊双胎,产前除胎儿生长经线及羊水量测定外,应常规监测大脑中动脉峰值流速,以便筛查出需要宫内干预的病例,以期减少死亡率及改善预后.生后认真评估治疗,并需长期随访其运动及智能发育情况.