呋塞米吸入治疗对老年慢性哮喘患者肺功能和外周血T淋巴？…

目的 评价呋塞米（速尿）吸入对老年人慢性哮喘的治疗效果。方法 ７２例老年慢性哮喘患者分别给予速尿（Ａ组），速尿＋溴化异丙托品（Ｂ组）和溴化民丙托品（Ｃ组）治疗，每组各２４例，并与６０例非老年慢性哮喘患者的结果进行比较，吸入前后测肺功能（最大肺活量（ＦＶＣ），一秒钟最大呼气量（ＦＥＶ１），最大呼气流速（ＰＥＦＲ）和外周血Ｔ细胞亚群，结果 老年组总有效率（有效＋显效），Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ组分别为７５％，９２％     

雾化吸入爱喘乐对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能的影响

为了观察雾化吸入爱喘乐（溴化异丙托品）对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者肺功能，尤其是气道阻力的影响，对４０例ＣＯＰＤ患者随机分为雾化吸入溴化异丙托品组和吸入生理盐水组，雾化吸入前，二组临床资料和各项肺功能指标均大致相同（Ｐ＞００５）。结果：雾化吸入溴化异丙托品（０．０２５％２ｍｌ）者６０分钟后各项肺功能指标（ＦＶＣ、ＦＥＶ１、ＦＥＦ２５％～７５％、ＰＥＦＲ）均有不同程度的改善（Ｐ＜００５～００１），尤其是气道阻力（Ｒａｗ、Ｇａｗ、ｓＲａｗ、ｓＧａｗ）明显降低（Ｐ＜００１）。吸入生理盐水组各项肺功能指标均无改变（Ｐ＞００５）。     

溴化异丙托品与氨茶碱片对支气管扩张作用的对比观察

目的比较定量雾化吸入溴化异丙托品与口服氨茶碱片对支气管扩张的作用。方法对２６例稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者采用安慰剂控制的双盲交叉试验，于试验前及试验后３０分，１，２，３，４，５，６小时分别测定第一秒用力呼气容积（ＦＥＶ１）。结果使用溴化异丙托品及氨茶碱后ＦＥＶ１平均峰值较基础值增加分别为３４％及１９％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；达峰时间分别为１～２小时及２～３小时；ＦＥＶ１较基础值增加＞１５％的患者分别为９０％及５０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＦＥＶ１＞１５％的平均持续时间为３．６小时及１．６小时，６小时内ＦＥＶ１较基础值平均增加分别为１８％及８％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论对ＣＯＰＤ患者雾化吸入溴化异丙托品较口服氨茶碱片能更有效的扩张支气管作用     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者呼吸困难的定量评价及M胆碱受体拮抗剂 …

目的 探寻定量评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者呼吸困难的方法,并观察吸入Ｍ胆碱受体拮抗剂溴化异丙托品对其呼吸困难和运动能力的影响。方法 对２７例ＣＯＰＤ患者进行运动负荷试验同时测定每分钟氧摄取量（Ｖｏ２）。将运动中的勃氏分级（ＢＳ）指数与Ｖｏ２求取相关性。运动后,吸入溴化异丙托品,做肺功能检查。结果 （１）ＣＯＰＤ患者运动中的ＢＳ指数与Ｖｏ２呈直线相关,依据其回归直线,得到了三个定量评价呼吸困     

溴化异丙托品与沙丁胺醇雾化吸入对COPD病人的支气管扩张作用

以随机公开对照试验比起对ＣＯＰＤ病人的支气管扩张作用及副作用．雾化吸入沙丁胺醇（５００μｇ）为Ａ组１６例；雾化吸入溴优异丙托品（５０μｇ）为Ｂ组１５例，雾化吸入沙丁胺醇（５０μｇ）合并异丙托品（５００μｇ）为Ｃ组１５例。结果：Ａ组１５分钟起效；Ｂ组６０分钟起效，其ＦＥＶ１（第一秒用力肺活量）及ＦＶＣ（用力肺活量）的最大改善率（２２．０％、２２．７％）与Ａ给（２１．５％、２３．２％）相比无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），Ｃ组５、１５分钟ＦＥＶ１的改善率（８．７％、１３．０％）高于Ｂ组（０％、２％）；１８０、３６０分钟ＦＥＶ１的改善率为（２３．９％、１７．３％）高于Ａ组（１３．７％、５．８％）（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＦＶＣ与ＦＥＶ１的改变相近，三组均无严重的副反应。提示：ＣＯＰＤ患者雾化吸入异丙托品具有与沙丁胺醇相近的气道扩张作用．但起效慢．两者合用时，起效快，持续时间长，作用优于单药应用．     

过敏性哮喘患者二丙酸倍氯米松治疗前后血清嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白水平的变化

分别测定发作期及缓解期过敏性哮喘共２９６例和４０例健康人血嗜酸性粒细胞（Ｅｏｓ）计数，血清嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白（ＥＣＰ）和ＩｇＥ抗体。并观察了其中３０例患者吸入二丙酸倍氯米松（ＢＤＰ）４周前后上述指标和肺功能变化。结果：发作期过敏性哮喘患者血Ｅｏｓ计数，血清ＥＣＰ、ＴＩｇＥ、ｓＩｇＥ水平明显高于其它两组（均为Ｐ＜００１）。治疗前、后血Ｅｏｓ、ＥＣＰ和肺功能（ＦＥＶ１、ＰＥＦ、Ｒａｗ、ｓＧａｗ等）指标相比均有显著或非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜００５或Ｐ＜００１）。过敏性哮喘发作期病人Ｅｏｓ与ＥＣＰ水平变化呈高度正相关（ρ＝０７２１，Ｐ＜００１），而Ｅｏｓ、ＥＣＰ分别与ＦＥＶ１％呈高度负相关（ρ＝－０７８２，ρ＝－０６９５；Ｐ均＜００１）。结论：血清ＥＣＰ水平可作为哮喘气道炎症监测及指导治疗的客观指标     

吸入性支气管扩张剂对慢性阻塞性肺病的作用

为考察吸入性支气管扩张剂对慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ）的疗效，比较它们的作用强度，我们对ＣＯＰＤ患者单独吸入沙丁胺醇、溴化异丙托品及吸入上述两种药的复合制剂（ｃｏｍｂｉｖｅｎｔ），观察其对肺功能的影响，并进行了前瞻性对比研究。一、对象和方法１对象：根...     

咳嗽变异型哮喘患者的肺功能及气道反应性特征

为探讨肺功能及气道反应性测定在诊断咳嗽变异型哮喘（ＣＶＡ）中的作用，用２２００型肺功能仪、６２００型体容积描计仪和ＡｓｔｏｇｒａｐｈＴＣＫ６１００气道反应测定仪检测了２２例典型哮喘患者、３５例ＣＶＡ患者和５１例正常健康者的肺功能及气道反应性。ＣＶＡ组的ＦＥＶ１／ＦＶＣ（％）（１秒钟用力呼气量占用力肺活量加百分比）高于哮喘组（Ｐ＜００１），但与正常组无差异（Ｐ＞００５）；Ｒａｗ（气道阻力）明显低于哮喘组（Ｐ＜００１），但高于正常组（Ｐ＜００１）；Ｒｒｓ（呼吸阻力）明显高于正常组（Ｐ＜００１），但明显低于哮喘组（Ｐ＜００５）。ＣＡＶ组和哮喘组间Ｄｍｉｎ（气道反应阈值）和ＳＧｒｓ（单位时间内诱导控制值之差）均无显著差异（Ｐ＞００５）。气道反应性测定及肺功能检查ＣＶＡ有较高临床价值     

吸入糖皮质激素治疗非哮喘性慢性阻塞性疾病的研究

目的 研究中等剂量二丙酸氯地米松（ＢＤＰ）短疗程吸入治疗非哮喘慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）是否有疗效，方法 按照随机，对照，单盲的设计，６１例非哮喘性ＣＯＰＤ患分两组，分别予ＢＤＰ（１０００μｇ．ｄ＾－１）与安慰剂吸入治疗６周，治疗前后测定肺功能一秒钟用力呼气容积（ＦＥＶ１）用力肺活量（ＦＶＣ），最大呼气中段流速（ＭＭＥＦ）值和血浆内纱（ＥＴ－１）的浓度，并记录临床症状记分，生活质量记分，结果     

吸入溴化异丙托品对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠模型气道和肺组 …

观察吸入溴化异丙托品对大鼠慢性阻塞性肺疾病模型气道和肺组织Ｍ受体的影响及其规律。方法通过长期吸入高浓度ＳＯ２气体的方法建立大鼠ＣＯＰＤ模型４７只,ＣＯＰＤ大鼠在密箱内吸入雾化的０．０２５％溴化异丙托品溶液１０ｍｌ,应用放射配基结合法测定大鼠气道和肺组织Ｍ受体。     

吸入呋塞米对急性发作期支气管哮喘患者肺通气功能的影响

目的 探讨吸入呋塞米对急性发作期支气管哮喘（哮喘）患者肺通气功能的影响。方法 将６例经、中度发作期哮喘患者随机分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三组,每组各２０例。Ａ组吸入生理盐水５ｍｌ,Ｂ组吸入呋塞米５０ｍｇ（５ｍｌ,１０ｍｇ／ｍｌ）,Ｃ组吸入０．１％沙丁胺醇溶液５ｍｌ。观察三组患者吸药后１５ｍｉｎ肺通气功能的变化。结果 吸药后１５ｍｉｎＢ、Ｃ组用力肺活量（ＦＶＣ）、第１ｓ用力呼气容积（ＦＥＶ１）、最在呼气流量（Ｐ     

采用心率变异性分析抗胆碱能药物治疗前后哮喘患者自主神经的变化

目的探讨使用长效抗胆碱能药物噻托溴铵治疗成人哮喘6周前后的自主神经功能改变及临床效果。方法45例非急性发作的中度哮喘患者随机分为A组15例：噻托溴铵粉吸入剂＋丙氟酸氟替卡松气雾剂组;B组15例：吸入沙美特罗替卡松干粉剂组;C组15例：噻托溴铵粉吸入剂＋沙美特罗替卡松干粉剂。观察三组患者治疗前后心率变异性、肺功能指标及症状控制情况。结果①治疗6周后,A组的HF、PNN50降低,与用药前对比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,LF、SDANN增高,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;B组的HF、PNN50降低,LF、SDANN增高,与用药前对比差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;c组的HF、PNN50降低,LF、SDANN增高,与用药前对比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;②三组的日间、夜间症状评分较用药前有所降低,使用短效β2-受体激动剂的次数减少,肺功能中的FEV1、FEV1％较用药前改善,三组与治疗前对比差异均有统计学意义;③组间对比得出心率变异性的定量分析指标（HF、PNN50、LF、SDANN）A组与B组,B与C组有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,A组与C组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;肺功能中的FEV1、FEV1％显示A组与B组无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而A组与C组、B组与C组差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;日间、夜间症状评分、使用短效β2-受体激动剂的次数显示A组与B组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,A组与C组,B组与C组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。长效抗胆碱能药物噻托溴铵粉吸人剂联合糖皮质激素可以降低HF、PNN50,使迷走神经兴奋性降低,与长效β2-受体激动剂（LABA）联合糖皮质激素相比在改善肺功能中FEV1、FEV1％值,减少使用短效β2-受体激动剂的次数,降低哮喘症状评分方面,效果相当。结论以上三种药物联合使用在改善肺功能、降低心率变异性、降低哮喘症状评分及使用短效β2-受体激动剂次数等方面均表现出更明显的优势。     

Bronchodilating effect of combined therapy with ipratropium bromide and ondansetron in patients with COPD

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of single and repeat dosing with oral ondansetron, a 5-HT3-specific receptor blocker, on the degree and duration of bronchodilation induced by inhaled ipratropium bromide in patients with COPD. Five clinics and university medical centers in four countries participated in the study; 47 patients with COPD were randomized to treatment; 44 completed all treatments. Patients had a baseline (pre-bronchodilator) FEV1>1L and post-bronchodilator (200 mcg salbutamol) FEV1<90% of predicted, with FEV1 reversibility (to 80 mcg inhaled ipratropium bromide and 400 mcg salbutamol) of at least 12% or 200 mL over baseline. The study was divided into two parts. In Part A, each patient received in a random order, four-way crossover manner, single doses of ondansetron placebo (oral) plus ipratropium bromide placebo (inhaled), ondansetron placebo plus ipratropium bromide 40 mcg inhaled via MDI, ondansetron 24 mg oral plus ipratropium bromide placebo and ondansetron 24 mg plus ipratropium bromide 40 mcg. In Part B, each patient received in a random order, two-way crossover manner, ipratropium bromide 40 mcg tid via MDI plus ondansetron 8 mg oral, qid, for 2 days; on day 3 patients received a single dose of ipratropium bromide 40 mcg plus 8 mg oral ondansetron. Alternatively, patients received ipratropium bromide via MDI and oral ondansetron placebo, as described above. Statistically significant differences in weighted mean FEV1 (0-6h), peak FEV1 and FEV1 determined 6h post-dose were noted comparing ipratropium bromide to placebo. Similar positive results were observed for sGaw and FVC. Addition of ondansetron to ipratropium bromide did not significantly modify values obtained with ipratropium alone. Ipratropium bromide induced a marked bronchodilation, compared to placebo. Addition of ondansetron (single or repeated doses) did not significantly increase the degree or duration of bronchodilation induced by ipratropium alone. sGaw was consistently more sensitive than FEV1 in measuring extent and duration of bronchodilation.     

Montelukast added to inhaled beclomethasone in treatment of asthma. Montelukast/Beclomethasone Additivity Group

The primary objective of this study was to determine whether montelukast, an oral leukotriene receptor antagonist, provides additional clinical benefit to the effect of inhaled corticosteroids. A total of 642 patients with chronic asthma (FEV(1) 50 to 85% of predicted value and at least a predefined level of asthma symptoms) incompletely controlled with inhaled beclomethasone, 200 microg twice daily using a spacer device, during the 4-wk run-in period were randomly allocated, in a double-blind, double-dummy manner to one of four treatment groups: (1) montelukast 10 mg plus continuing inhaled beclomethasone; (2) placebo tablet plus continuing inhaled beclomethasone; (3) montelukast 10 mg and inhaled placebo (after blind beclomethasone removal); and (4) placebo tablet and inhaled placebo (after blind beclomethasone removal). The primary endpoints were FEV(1) and daytime asthma symptoms score. Montelukast provided significant (p < 0.05) clinical benefit in addition to inhaled beclomethasone by improving FEV(1), daytime asthma symptom scores, and nocturnal awakenings. Blind removal of beclomethasone in the presence of placebo tablets caused worsening of asthma control, demonstrating that patients received clinical benefit from inhaled corticosteroids. Blind removal of beclomethasone in the presence of montelukast resulted in less asthma control but not to the level of the placebo group. All treatments were well tolerated; clinical and laboratory adverse experiences were generally similar to placebo treatment in this study. In conclusion, montelukast provided additional asthma control to patients benefitting from, but incompletely controlled on, inhaled beclomethasone.     

Double-blind, randomised, controlled trial assessing controller medications in asthma

BACKGROUND: The motive behind conducting this study was to determine if better control of asthma can be achieved by adding a second controller medication and to assess its use to reduce the dose of inhaled steroids. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to determine whether either oral sustained-release theophylline or montelukast added to inhaled steroids improved clinical symptoms and pulmonary function test parameters when compared to high-dose steroids alone. METHODS: Ninety patients with incompletely controlled asthma were allocated, in a randomised, double-blind fashion, to one of three treatment groups: group A: double dose of inhaled budesonide (400 microg b.i.d.), group B: 400 mg oral sustained-release theophylline plus budesonide (200 microg b.i.d.) and group C: 10 mg montelukast plus budesonide (200 microg b.i.d.). The primary endpoints were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and mean morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). RESULTS: All three groups had improved FEV(1) and PEFR at 8 weeks (p < 0.001). Group C increased their PEFR by 18.7 l/min (95% confidence interval, CI, 12.4-25.1) more than group A and by 19.8 l/min (95% CI 13.4-26.1) more than group B (both p = 0.001). Similarly, group C had a 114 ml (95% CI 45-183 ml) greater improvement in FEV(1) than group A and a 95 ml (95% CI 26-164 ml) greater improvement than group B (both p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Addition of montelukast to budesonide is safe and results in greater improvement in pulmonary function test parameters than high-dose budesonide treatment or addition of theophylline.     

Efficacy of inhaled steroids (beclomethasone dipropionate) for treatment of mild to moderately severe asthma in the emergency department: a randomized clinical trial

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of an inhaled steroid, when added to a standard regimen of beta-agonist therapy, in the treatment of patients with mild to moderately severe asthma in the emergency department. METHODS: A convenience sample of adult patients with asthma (FEV1 % predicted 40% to 69%) presenting to the ED was randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion into 2 treatment groups. The first group received 2.5 mg nebulized salbutamol plus 1 mg (4 puffs) of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) at baseline, 30 minutes, and at 1, 2, and 4 hours, delivered by a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) attached to a spacer device (Vent-AH-aler, Glaxo). The second group was given the same salbutamol regimen plus MDI placebo through the Vent-AH-aler. The primary endpoint was improvement in FEV1 %predicted at 6 hours. RESULTS: Of 54 patients enrolled, 28 were assigned to the BDP group and 26 to the placebo group. Spirometry improved significantly in both groups over the 6 hours compared with baseline (ANOVA, P <.001). At 6 hours, the mean absolute improvement in FEV1 % predicted for BDP was 18% versus 17% for placebo (95% confidence interval for the absolute difference of 1% [-8% to 10%]). The proportion of patients in the BDP group who were hospitalized was 7% compared with 19% for patients in the placebo group (95% confidence interval for the difference of 12% [-6%, 30%]). CONCLUSION: In this group of patients with mild to moderately severe asthma, 5 mg BDP delivered by MDI during the initial 4 hours of an emergency visit was of no added benefit over standard therapy, as measured by improvement in FEV1 % predicted at 6 hours. However, a trend toward a difference in admission favoring BDP was observed. [Afilalo M, Guttman A, Colacone A, Dankoff J, Tselios C, Stern E, Wolkove N, Kreisman H: Efficacy of inhaled steroids (beclomethasone dipropionate) for treatment of mild to moderately severe asthma in the emergency department: A randomized clinical trial.     

Effects of inhaled and intravenous furosemide on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with chronic congestive heart failure]

We studied the effects of inhaled and intravenous furosemide (40 mg) on bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine (ACh) in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. The measurement of bronchial responsiveness was performed by inhaling doses of ACh and calculating the provocative concentration of ACh needed to cause a 20% fall in FEV1.0 (PC20-ACh). Intravenous furosemide (N = 11) had a marked diuretic effect (urine output 1014 ml (SEM 156) in 2 hours), but had no effect on resting pulmonary function and PC20-ACh. In contrast, inhaled furosemide (N = 10) had no effect on urine output and resting pulmonary function, but caused significant increase in PC20-ACh from 2.74 (GSEM 1.28) to 8.47 (GSEM 1.22) mg/ml (p less than 0.05). We conclude that inhaled furosemide, but not intravenous furosemide reduces bronchial hyperresponsiveness to ACh in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. The mechanism of this effect appears to be related to the ion transport system of airway epithelium.     

用力吸气流量在COPD和支气管哮喘中的应用

目的 评价用力吸气流量指标在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)和支气管哮喘中价值。方法 观察COPD80例和支气管哮喘20例在吸入支气管扩张剂后用力吸气流量指标的前后变化。结果 轻度COPD患者和支气管哮喘患者FEV1,FIV1，PEF，PIF，FEF50％，FIF50%指标，在吸入支气管扩张剂前后均有明显的差异。但用力吸气流量指标与用力呼气流量指标在统计学无差别。而中、重度COPD患者FIV1％较FEV1％有显著差异性。结论 在COPD中，在评价支气管的可逆性方面，用力吸气流量具有用力呼气流量同样的效果。甚至在重度COPD患者中．FIV1%比用力呼气流量可能更加敏感。     

Furosemide plus albuterol compared with albuterol alone in children with acute asthma.

Several reports have shown that inhaled furosemide protects patients with asthma from different bronchoconstrictor agents. However, the effect of this widely used diuretic in acute exacerbation in adults is unproven. There are no reports of furosemide's therapeutic effect in acute asthma in children; thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the combined treatment of furosemide and albuterol in pediatric patients. Using a double-blind design, 20 emergency room patients with an asthmatic exacerbation were studied and randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: (1) furosemide + albuterol (1 and 0.15 mg/kg, respectively) or (2) albuterol (0.15 mg/kg). The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was measured in each patient before medication and then 30 and 60 minutes after inhalation of the individual drug or drug combination. Neither group differed in age or baseline FEV1. An increase in FEV1 of 22.8 +/- 4.3% (mean +/- SE) in the drug combination group was noted at 60 minutes, and an increase in FEV1 of 18.0 +/- 2.6% in the albuterol group was obtained at the same time. Although the increase in FEV1 was greater in the first group after 1 hour of treatment, this was not significant. These results suggest that inhaled furosemide does not have a synergistic effect with albuterol in the treatment of asthmatic exacerbations in children.     

二丙酸倍氯米松干粉剂治疗晚发老年哮喘的临床观察

目的 观察吸入类固醇二丙酸倍氯米松（ＤＢＰ）干粉剂对晚发老年哮喘（ＬＯＡ）的疗效。方法 将２２例ＬＯＡ患者与２３例非老年２哮喘患者进行对比研究,观察吸入β２受体激动剂沙丁胺醇干粉剂后１秒钟用力呼气容积（ＦＥＶ１）的变化以及吸入ＤＢＰ干粉剂后ＦＥＶ１及其占预计值百分比（ＦＥＶ１％）、早晚最大呼气流速（ＰＥＦＲ）及其日内变异率等变化。结果 两组患者在吸入沙丁胺醇干粉剂后ＦＥＶ１均明显增高（Ｐ〈０．０１