铜绿假单胞菌注射液胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床分析

目的观察铜绿假单胞菌注射液胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效及毒副反应。方法将70例晚期非小细胞肺癌伴恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各35例。对照组在常规辅助治疗的基础上予以洛铂胸腔灌注治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上辅以铜绿假单胞菌注射液胸腔灌注,观察比较两组患者治疗后的临床疗效及毒副反应。结果治疗疗程结束后,多数患者胸腔积液情况得到了有效的控制,两组治疗的总有效率分别为77.1%和48.6%(P0.05)。两组患者治疗过程中的毒副反应主要以发热、胃肠道反应及骨髓抑制为主,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论洛铂联合铜绿假单胞菌注射液比单独洛铂胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸腔积的疗效显著,毒副反应相当,可推荐临床应用。     

铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床观察

目的观察铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗恶性胸腔积液的有效性和不良反应。方法 53例恶性胸腔积液患者随机分组予B超定位下胸腔置管闭式引流术,经证实胸腔积液已基本排净后,27例治疗组胸腔注入铜绿假单胞菌注射液,26例对照组胸腔注入顺铂。结果治疗组有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。毒副反应方面,治疗组除轻度发热及轻微胸痛外,其他不良反应明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论铜绿假单胞菌注射液胸腔注入治疗恶性胸腔积液安全有效。     

洛铂、白介素-2、凝血酶、胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床观察

目的观察洛铂联合白介素-2(IL-2)及凝血酶胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效。方法将60例NSCLC恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为两组,对照组及观察组各30例,所有患者均采用胸腔穿刺术置入中心静脉导管引流胸腔积液,待排尽胸腔积液后,对照组给予胸腔灌注洛铂,观察组在对照组的基础上联合IL-2和凝血酶胸腔灌注,比较两组患者的临床疗效、毒副反应及生活质量的改善情况。结果两组患者治疗后,观察组患者的生活质量KPS评分及胸水控制的总有效率均明显高于对照组(P0.05),且毒副反应明显少于对照组(P0.05)。结论洛铂联合IL-2及凝血酶胸腔灌治疗NSCLC恶性胸腔积液疗效显著、副反应少,值得临床推广。     

铜绿假单胞菌注射液胸腔注射治疗肺腺癌恶性胸水疗效观察

目的观察铜绿假单胞菌胸腔注射治疗肺腺癌恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效。方法 61例肺腺癌合并中到大量胸腔积液患者随机分成三组,以培美曲塞联合顺铂全身化疗作为基础治疗,分别接受胸腔内注射铜绿假单胞菌注射液、香菇多糖及顺铂治疗。观察胸水疗效及不良反应。结果铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗组有效率85.7%。香菇多糖治疗组有效率59.1%,顺铂治疗组有效率47.1%。铜绿假单胞菌治疗组疗效好于其它两种药物(χ2=6.73,P0.05)。铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗组不良反应发生率低,反应轻微。结论铜绿假单胞菌胸腔注射治疗肺腺癌所致恶性胸腔积液疗效显著,副反应发生少且轻微。     

斑蝥酸钠胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液临床研究

目的 观察斑蝥酸钠维生素B6注射液(艾易舒)胸腔灌注,治疗非小细胞肺癌恶性胸腔积液的疗效.方法将42例患者随机分成实验组(艾易舒组)和对照组(顺铂组)各21例.经胸腔置管排尽积液后,实验组注入艾易舒50 ml,对照组注入顺铂40 mg/m2.观察两组的疗效,生存质量改善情况及毒副反应情况.结果 实验组疗效76.2％,对照组61.9％(P＞0.05);实验组生存质量改善率66.7％,对照组28.6％(P＜0.05);实验组白细胞减少患者4.76％ (1/21),低于对照组33.3％(7/21),(P＜0.05).消化道反应患者14.2％ (3/21),低于对照组66.7％ (14/21) (P ＜0.05).结论 胸腔灌注治疗非小细胞肺癌恶性胸腔积液,艾易舒组生存质量改善及无明显毒副反应明显优于顺铂组.     

博莱霉素联合局部热疗治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床观察

目的观察博莱霉素联合局部热疗治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效。方法将50例NSCLC恶性胸腔积液的患者随机分为两组,采用胸腔穿刺术置入中心静脉导管引流胸腔积液,待排尽胸腔积液后,对照组给予胸腔灌注博莱霉素,实验组在对照组的基础上给予患者局部热疗,比较两组治疗情况、毒副反应及生活质量改善情况。结果两组患者治疗后,实验组患者的生活质量KPS评分及控制胸水的总有效率均明显高于对照组(P0.05),且不良反应明显少于对照组(P0.05)。结论博莱霉素联合局部热疗治疗NSCLC恶性胸腔积液具有协同作用,值得临床推广。     

胸腔内注入顺铂联合胞必佳治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效比较

目的探讨胸腔内注入顺铂（DDP）联合胞必佳治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效。方法恶性胸腔积液38例患者,随机分为两组,治疗组顺铂联合胞必佳胸腔内注入;对照组：单用顺铂胸腔内注入,观察疗效及药物毒副反应。结果顺铂联合胞必佳组有效率达80％,而单用顺铂组有效率达44％,差异有显著性（P〈0、01）。结论胸腔内联合注入顺铂（DDP）和胞必佳治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效明显。     

重组人5型腺病毒胸腔灌注治疗肺癌恶性胸腔积液

目的观察重组人5型腺病毒注射液胸腔灌注对肺癌恶性胸腔积液的临床治疗效果。方法 45例肺癌恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为观察组（23例）和对照组（22例）,两组均应用微创置管胸腔闭式引流结合局部注药,观察组胸腔内局部灌注重组人5型腺病毒注射液,对照组局部灌注顺铂,观察胸腔积液控制情况、毒副反应。结果观察组胸液控制有效率为82.61%,完全缓解率47.83%;对照组有效率为40.91%,完全缓解率为18.18%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组和对照组均无严重不良反应。结论胸腔内局部灌注重组人5型腺病毒注射液在有效控制肺癌恶性胸腔积液方面明显优于顺铂,值得推广应用。     

不同药物胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床体会

目的比较单独应用顺铂或香菇多糖以及两者联合进行胸腔灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效及不良反应。方法采用中心静脉导管留置引流术,对120例恶性胸腔积液患者随机分别采用单纯顺铂、单纯香菇多糖或香菇多糖联合顺铂胸腔灌注治疗,治疗4周后按WHO标准评价近期疗效和毒副反应。结果联合组有效率优于单纯顺铂或单纯香菇多糖组;联合组患者的不良反应低于单纯顺铂组,但高于单纯香菇多糖组。结论香菇多糖联合顺铂胸腔灌注是治疗恶性胸腔积液的有效手段。     

紫杉醇脂质体胸腔灌注治疗非小细胞肺癌恶性胸腔积液的疗效观察

目的紫杉醇脂质体胸腔灌注治疗非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）恶性胸腔积液的疗效及毒副作用。方法经胸水细胞学确诊的非小细胞肺癌恶性胸腔积液患者20例,采用中心静脉导管闭式引流并紫杉醇脂质体（135 mg/m2）行胸腔灌注化疗,化疗前行常规脱敏治疗,灌注一月后评价疗效,并观察毒副反应。结果 20例患者中,完全缓解5例（25%）,部分缓解10例（50%）,无变化3例（15%）,进展2例（10%）,总有效率为75%。大部分患者生活质量改善,无过敏反应发生。毒副反应主要为胸痛、骨髓抑制及胃肠道反应,均为1~2级,无3~4级血液学和胃肠道毒性发生,无治疗相关性死亡。结论紫杉醇脂质体胸腔灌注治疗NSCLC恶性胸腔积液安全有效,毒副反应轻,值得临床推广使用。     

闭式胸膜活检加胸膜刷检在胸腔积液中的诊断价值

目的探讨闭式胸腔穿刺胸膜活检同时胸膜刷检在渗出性胸腔积液中的诊断价值。方法对87例渗出性胸腔积液患者,同时行闭式胸膜活检术与胸膜刷检术。结果 87例患者,胸膜活检113次,成功率92.9%(105/113),病因诊断阳性率为70.1%(61/87)。胸膜刷检112次,成功率73.2%(82/112),病因诊断阳性率为60.0%(52/87)。胸膜活检病因诊断阳性率虽高于胸膜刷检,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。有11例患者胸膜活检病因诊断阴性,胸膜刷检阳性;有20例患者胸膜刷检病因诊断阴性,但胸膜活检阳性。胸膜活检同时胸膜刷检,病因诊断阳性率提高至82.8%(72/87),高于单独胸膜活检及单独胸膜刷检(均P0.05)。87例患者胸膜检查时发生胸膜反应3例(2.7%),气胸4例(3.5%)。结论经皮胸膜活检与胸膜刷检均是渗出性胸腔积液病因诊断的重要手段,相对安全。胸膜活检同时胸膜刷检有更高的病因诊断阳性率,在渗出性胸腔积液的临床诊断中具有重要价值。     

胸腔穿刺联合胸腔闭锁引流治疗反复发作的胸腔积液35例疗效观察

目的观察胸腔穿刺联合胸腔闭锁引流治疗反复发作的胸腔积液的效果。方法对35例病人进行胸腔穿刺结合胸腔粘连术及对病因的治疗,B超检查观察疗效。结果控制胸腔积液CR（完全治愈）：30例;PR（部分治愈）：3例。有效率达到94．3％。主要的副作用是发热和胸痛。结论胸腔穿刺联合胸腔闭锁术是对反复发作的胸腔积液治疗的有效手段之一。     

Use of indwelling pleural catheters for chronic pleural infection

Recurrent, chronic pleural infection creates difficult management issues. Surgical drainage is currently recommended for patients who have failed initial "medical treatment" (ie, tube thoracostomy and antibiotic therapy), but the options for patients not fit for surgery are limited. Prolonged closed tube drainage may be an option in this group, although concerns exist regarding the efficacy and risk of catheter blockage. Long-term indwelling pleural catheters are increasingly used for the treatment of recurrent malignant pleural effusion. Pleural infection is recognized as a complication and is cited as a contraindication to insertion of an indwelling pleural drain within the product literature. We report two patients with empyema in a fixed pleural space in whom the insertion of an ambulatory catheter produced successful drainage. Long-term indwelling pleural catheters may have a role in maintaining the drainage of a chronically infected pleural space that is not readily treated in other ways.     

胸膜活检对原因不明的渗出性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的观察胸膜活检术在渗出性胸腔积液诊断中的价值。方法对146例渗出性胸腔积液患者行胸膜活检，同时取胸水及痰送检抗酸杆菌及癌细胞。结果146例胸膜活检第一次活检成功率71．9％，特异性病理诊断92例，病理诊断阳性率63％。恶性胸腔积液胸膜活检阳性率58％，胸水细胞学检查阳性率22％，痰找癌细胞阳性率16％。结核性胸腔积液胸膜活检阳性率66．6％，痰找抗酸杆菌阳性率5．2％。结论胸膜活检是一项安全、简单、有效的胸膜疾病的重要的内科确诊手段。     

胸膜活检诊断不明原因胸腔积液的临床分析

目的通过胸膜活检术提高不明原因胸腔积液的诊断率。方法用Cope针穿刺法采用多部位穿刺。结果139例胸腔积液患者中,胸膜活检病理诊断为肿瘤43例,结核59例,胸膜活检病理诊断阳性率为73.38%(102/139)。结论胸膜活检可明显提高胸腔积液的诊断率,且操作方便,操伤较小,无严重并发症,是安全有效的诊断手段之一。     

闭式胸膜刷检术对恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的评价闭式胸膜刷检术对恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值。方法临床疑诊的48例恶性胸腔积液行胸膜刷检、胸膜活检和胸水细胞学检查,比较各种方法和组合对肿瘤细胞的阳性率。结果43例确诊为恶性胸腔积液,胸膜刷检阳性率为62.8%,胸水细胞学检查阳性率为55.8%,胸膜活检阳性率为37.2%,以胸膜刷检最高,明显高于胸膜活检(P<0.05),但与胸水细胞学检查比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。联合胸膜活检和胸膜刷检,阳性率提高为76.7%,3种方法联合应用阳性率为83.7%。结论胸膜刷检是一种简单、安全、有效的检查手段,对诊断恶性胸腔积液有较大的应用价值。     

Effectiveness of tunneled pleural catheter placement in patients with malignant pleural effusions

Pleural effusions (PE) occur frequently among patients with various types of advanced malignancies, resulting in remarkably decreased quality of life. Treatment of malignant PE includes placement of a chest tube with subsequent placement of a tunneled pleural catheter. We reviewed our experience with tunneled pleural catheter use to assess outcomes and resource utilization of this intervention. A retrospective study of consecutive patients (n = 163, including 41 outpatients) who were treated between July 2001 and April 2008 with tunneled pleural catheters was performed to evaluate operative and discharge outcomes. The average age of the patients was 59.32 years (range: 24 to 89). Lung cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer were common primary diseases in this patient population. The mean hospital stay after tunneled pleural catheter placement was 3.19 days (range: 0 to 56), with 41 patients treated as outpatients. Thirteen inpatient deaths were related to the patients'' primary diseases, but no deaths were due to drain placement itself. Eight patients (4.91%) required reoperation to replace a nonfunctioning drain or to add an additional drain, and six patients underwent a second procedure to place a contralateral drain. One hundred twenty-six patients (77.30%) were discharged home following the procedure and hospital stay. Fifty-five people achieved spontaneous pleurodesis. Tunneled pleural catheter placement is a safe and effective approach to the treatment of PE. The advantages of tunneled pleural catheter placement include symptomatic relief and improved quality of life. This method allows patients to spend time at home with their family and avoid prolonged hospitalization.     

胸膜活检在渗出性胸腔积液中的价值

目的探讨胸膜穿刺活检在渗出性胸腔积液中的诊断价值。方法对40例渗出性胸腔积液患者进行经皮胸膜活检术,同时取胸水送涂片查抗酸杆菌、脱落细胞检查。结果 40例胸膜活检成功率70%,特异性病理诊断21例,病理诊断阳性率52.5%。胸膜活检病理诊断为结核17例（42.5%）、肿瘤4例（10%）、慢性炎症6例（15%）、急性炎症表现1例（2.5%）骨骼肌,未获得胸膜组织12例（30%）。全部40例胸膜活检患者无1例气胸及胸膜反应发生。结论胸膜穿刺活检在渗出性胸腔积液诊断中具有重要价值,是一项安全、简单、有效的手段。     

Role of blind closed pleural biopsy in the management of pleural exudates

INTRODUCTION:

The performance of blind closed pleural biopsy (BCPB) in the study of pleural exudates is controversial.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the diagnostic yield of BCPB in clinical practice and its role in the study of pleural exudates.

METHODS:

Data were retrospectively collected on all patients who underwent BCPB performed between January 1999 and December 2011.

RESULTS:

A total of 658 BCPBs were performed on 575 patients. Pleural tissue was obtained in 590 (89.7%) of the biopsies. A malignant pleural effusion was found in 35% of patients. The cytology and the BCPB were positive in 69.2% and 59.2% of the patients, respectively. Of the patients with negative cytology, 21 had a positive BCPB (diagnostic improvement, 15%), which would have avoided one pleuroscopy for every seven BCPBs that were performed. Of the 113 patients with a tuberculous effusion, granulomas were observed in 87 and the Lowenstein culture was positive in an additional 17 (sensitivity 92%). The overall sensitivity was 33.9%, with a specificity and positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 71%. Complications were recorded in 14.4% of patients (pneumothorax 9.4%; chest pain 5.6%; vasovagal reaction, 4.1%; biopsy of another organ 0.5%).

CONCLUSIONS:

BCPB still has a significant role in the study of a pleural exudate. If an image-guided technique is unavailable, it seems reasonable to perform BCPB before resorting to a pleuroscopy. These results support BCPB as a relatively safe technique.