延胡索炮制前后多组分质量控制方法的研究

[目的]探讨心脑舒通胶囊对氧糖剥夺/复氧（OGD/R）处理的星形胶质细胞（C8-D1A）神经生长因子分泌的影响,以及研究心脑舒通药物处理的OGD/R胶质细胞条件培养液对神经元细胞（Neuro-2A）的保护作用。[方法]CCK-8检测心脑舒通对正常培养和OGD/R胶质细胞活力的影响;酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测心脑舒通对OGD/R胶质细胞的脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、胶质源性神经营养因子（GDNF）、睫状神经营养因子（CNTF）释放的影响;CCK-8检测心脑舒通处理的胶质细胞条件培养液对OGD/R神经元细胞活力的影响。[结果]1）心脑舒通对正常培养的胶质细胞活力无显著影响,但可以提高OGD/R后胶质细胞的增殖活力。2）0.1 μg/mL心脑舒通可以显著提高OGD/R胶质细胞BDNF的释放。3）0.1 μg/mL心脑舒通药物处理的胶质细胞条件培养液可提高OGD/R神经元的存活能力。[结论]心脑舒通对OGD/R损伤后的胶质细胞有一定保护作用,其处理后的胶质细胞条件培养液对神经元有一定的保护作用。     

栀子苷预处理对H9C2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的影响及机制研究

[目的] 探讨栀子苷预处理对H9C2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的影响及机制。[方法] 体外培养H9C2心肌细胞,制备缺氧/复氧损伤模型。实验分为正常对照组,缺氧/复氧模型组,栀子苷预处理组。分光光度法测定细胞培养液中肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞存活率,Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率。[结果] 与模型组比较,栀子苷预处理组能明显减少心肌细胞CK、LDH的漏出量,提高SOD活力,降低MDA含量,同时提高心肌细胞的存活率,减少心肌细胞的凋亡。[结论] 栀子苷预处理对H9C2心肌细胞的缺氧/复氧损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与增强心肌抗氧化能力、清除氧自由基以及抑制心肌细胞凋亡有关。     

白藜芦醇对高糖诱导足细胞损伤的改善作用及机制探讨

[目的]观察白藜芦醇（RSV）对高糖诱导足细胞凋亡的影响及作用机制。[方法]采用体外高糖诱导作为足细胞损伤模型,细胞分为3组：对照组为5 mmol/L低糖培养液（LG）;模型组为30 mmol/L高糖培养液（HG）;RSV干预组：HG+5 μmol/L RSV;HG+10 μmol/L RSV,培养48 h后采用流式细胞术检测足细胞的凋亡情况;DHE探针观察细胞内活性氧自由基（ROS）生成;激光共聚焦检测线粒体膜电位及线粒体内ROS合成;Western blot检测线粒体凋亡途径相关蛋白含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶（caspase）3、caspase 9的表达情况。[结果]与HG组相比,RSV可呈剂量依赖性的抑制高糖诱导的足细胞凋亡;荧光探针结果显示,RSV干预后细胞内及线粒体ROS生成明显低于HG组;JC-1染色显示,与HG组相比,RSV干预可显著提高线粒体膜电位;Western blot结果显示,随RSV干预浓度的提高,caspase 3、caspase 9表达水平明显下调,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。[结论]RSV呈浓度依赖性的抑制高糖诱导的足细胞凋亡,其保护作用可能与抑制氧化应激,改善线粒体功能障碍相关。     

丹酚酸B对缺糖缺氧/复糖复氧原代大鼠皮层神经元的保护作用

背景：缺血再灌注损伤是缺血性脑血管病过程中神经细胞损伤的主要原因。深入认识其发病机制,寻找新的治疗靶点是目前亟待解决的问题。本研究旨在探讨丹酚酸B对缺糖缺氧/复糖复氧神经细胞的保护作用。 方法：将原代培养的大鼠皮层神经元随机分为正常组、缺糖缺氧/复糖复氧组和丹酚酸B治疗组（10 mg/l）,复制缺糖缺氧3 h后复糖复氧3 h和24 h的细胞模型。采用MTT法观察神经细胞活性,荧光标记法和自旋捕获技术检测细胞内活性氧水平,比色法测定细胞内Mn-SOD、CAT及GSH-PX的活性,流式细胞仪定量分析线粒体膜电位水平,蛋白质免疫印记法检测细胞色素c的漏出率,透射电镜观察神经细胞超微结构的变化。 结果：与模型组相比,丹酚酸B可以提高细胞活性、Mn-SOD、CAT及GSH-PX的活性及线粒体膜电位的水平;同时降低细胞内活性氧水平和细胞色素c的漏出率。丹酚酸B还能减轻神经细胞超微结构的损伤。 结论：丹酚酸B的神经保护作用与清除活性氧抑制细胞凋亡有关。     

参麦注射液对小鼠大脑皮层神经细胞损伤的影响

目的　研究缺氧 /复氧对小鼠大脑皮层神经细胞的损伤及参麦注射液的保护作用。方法　取体外原代培养 6d的小鼠大脑皮层神经细胞 ,置于 95 %N2 和 5 %CO2 的缺氧罐中造成神经细胞不同时间的缺氧 /复氧。用神经细胞存活率及神经细胞线粒体活性来评价神经细胞活力 ,用乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)释放率作为评价损伤的指标 ,并进行形态学观察。结果　原代培养小鼠大脑皮层神经细胞缺氧 6h ,再给氧 1 8h后 ,神经细胞存活率及线粒体活性明显降低 (P均 <0 .0 1 ) ,LDH释放量显著增加 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　参麦注射液可显著对抗缺氧 /复氧致小鼠大脑皮层神经细胞的损伤 ,浓度依赖性地抑制LDH释放量的增加 ,并能减轻细胞的形态学损伤。对大脑皮层神经细胞缺氧 /复氧性损伤具有保护作用     

丹酚酸B预适应对心肌细胞保护在蛋白激酶C转导途径中的作用

[目的]探讨丹酚酸B对心肌细胞(CM)抗缺氧损伤保护作用的途径。[方法]基于缺氧预适应的保护机制,通过缺氧/复氧的CM损伤模型,利用蛋白激酶C(PKC)抑制剂这一工具药,观察丹酚酸B对心肌细胞预适应在PKC途径中的作用,探讨丹酚酸B对心肌细胞保护的机制。[结果]丹酚酸B预适应可产生预适应样的保护作用,并且能促进被抑制的缺氧预适应(HPC)效应重现。[结论]丹酚酸B预适应与HPC具有相类似的细胞保护效应,可增强心肌细胞对随后较长时间缺氧/复氧损伤的耐受性,其机制可能是通过激活蛋白激酶C通路实现的。     

通脑灵对原代培养大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞缺氧/缺糖损伤的保护作用

目的:研究缺氧/缺糖对皮层神经细胞的损伤及通脑灵颗粒剂对其保护作用。方法:取体外原代培养8d的大鼠大脑皮层神经细胞,换以低糖无血清培养基,并置于95%N2和5%CO2的缺氧罐中5h造成神经细胞缺氧。用神经细胞存活率及神经细胞线粒体活性来评价神经细胞活力;用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出量作为评价损伤的指标。结果:原代培养皮层神经细胞缺氧5h,再给氧24h后,神经细胞存活率及线粒体活性明显降低,LDH释放量显著增加。通脑灵颗粒剂可显著对抗缺氧/缺糖对皮层神经细胞的损伤,剂量依赖地抑制LDH释放量的增加。结论:通脑灵颗粒剂对皮层神经细胞缺氧/缺糖损伤具有保护作用。     

HO-1介导黄芪甲苷抗原代心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤作用研究

[目的]研究黄芪甲苷（AS-Ⅳ）对乳鼠原代心肌细胞缺氧/复氧（H/R）损伤的保护作用及机制。[方法]培养乳鼠原代心肌细胞,以缺氧4 h,复氧4 h建立心肌H/R损伤模型。四甲基噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测细胞活力。检测细胞培养液中心肌肌钙蛋白（cTnT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）含量,炎症细胞因子超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）浓度。分别以聚合酶链式反应逆转录（RT-PCR）、蛋白免疫印迹（Western blot）法检测心肌细胞血红素氧化酶1（HO-1）mRNA及蛋白表达水平。[结果]与H/R组比较,AS-Ⅳ、HO-1激动剂原卟啉氯化钴（CoPP）均可显著降低细胞上清中cTnT、LDH含量（P<0.01）,降低炎症因子hs-CRP、TNF-α水平（P<0.01）,而HO-1拮抗剂原卟啉Ⅸ锌（Ⅱ）络合物（ZnPP）作用趋势则相反。与H/R组比较,CoPP组及AS-Ⅳ组HO-1 mRNA、蛋白表达水平显著升高（P<0.01）,ZnPP组则显著下降（P<0.01）。[结论]AS-Ⅳ对心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤具有显著的保护作用,其机制与诱导具有保护作用的HO-1表达有关。     

蕨麻正丁醇部位对缺氧损伤心肌细胞的保护作用

[目的]研究蕨麻正丁醇部位对缺氧损伤心肌细胞的保护作用。[方法]建立大鼠原代培养心肌细胞缺氧损伤模型,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测心肌细胞代谢活力;胎盼兰染色法检测细胞成活率;比色法测定细胞外乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),肌酸激酶(CK)活性及细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。[结果]与模型组比较,蕨麻正丁醇提取部位各剂量组细胞代谢活力及细胞成活率显著提高(P<0.01),并均可显著减少缺氧损伤引起的LDH、CK的外漏量(P<0.01),提高细胞SOD活性(P<0.01),减少MDA的产生(P<0.01或P<0.05)。[结论]蕨麻正丁醇部位具有抗心肌缺氧损伤作用,其途径之一可能与其抗自由基氧化的能力有关。     

心脑舒通中黄酮类成分研究

[目的] 研究心脑舒通中黄酮类化学成分。[方法] 采用反相色谱中低压柱色谱,硅胶柱色谱及Agilent 1260制备液相色谱方法进行分离纯化,根据NMR和LC-MS数据进行结构鉴定。[结果] 分离得到6个黄酮类化合物,经鉴定分别是槲皮素(1);异鼠李素(2);槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3);槲皮素-3-O-龙胆二糖苷(4);芦丁(5);山奈酚(6).[结论] 首次分离鉴定了心脑舒通中6个黄酮类化学成分。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.