滇南边防军人人格特征、应对方式对心理健康状况的影响

目的 了解滇南边防驻军官兵心理健康状况,为军事卫勤保障提供决策依据.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)和应对方式量表对驻滇某地270名边防军人进行调查.结果 滇南边防军人与我国军人常模比较,除人际关系、抑郁外,其余各因子评分均显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01).神经质与SCL-90各因子呈正相关,内外向与人际关系敏感、抑郁、偏执和精神病性呈负相关,精神质与人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性呈正相关;不成熟型应对方式与SCL-90量表各因子以及EPQ中的精神质和神经质呈正相关,成熟型应对方式与精神质呈负相关,与内外向呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论 滇南边防军人呈现出较强的压力感,心理问题相对明显,应通过有效的心理卫生服务提高军人心理健康水平.     

滇南边防军人心理健康状况调查研究

目的 了解滇南边防军人心理健康状况,为相关人员开展心理保健工作提供依据. 方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法,选取驻滇南亚热带山岳丛林某地区边防一线男性军人270人为调查对象,使用症状自评量表( SCL-90)分析其心理健康状况. 结果 本组SCL-90各项目分数与我国内地军人比较,躯体化、敌对、偏执、精神病性分数明显增高,...     

我国赴利比里亚维和官兵心理健康状况调查分析

目的:调查分析我国赴利比里亚维和官兵心理健康状况及相关影响因素.方法:使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对277名官兵在训练期及执行任务初、中期进行集中测试.结果:①维和官兵在训练期及执行任务初、中期SCL-90各因子分均显著低于中国军人常模(P<0.01).②维和官兵执行任务初期焦虑因子分高于训练期,执行任务中期人际关系敏感和抑郁因子分高于训练期和执行任务初期.差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).③维和官兵SCL-90总分以及强迫症状、焦虑、抑郁、恐怖因子和队员的年龄、文化程度、军龄和职务呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论:我国赴利比里亚维和官兵心理健康状况良好,维和期间心理变化在正常范围波动;职务是影响维和官兵心理健康的主要因素,文化程度、年龄及军龄也影响维和官兵的心理健康.     

我国赴利比里亚维和官兵心理健康状况调查分析

目的:调查分析我国赴利比里亚维和官兵心理健康状况及相关影响因素.方法:使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对277名官兵在训练期及执行任务初、中期进行集中测试.结果:①维和官兵在训练期及执行任务初、中期SCL-90各因子分均显著低于中国军人常模(P<0.01).②维和官兵执行任务初期焦虑因子分高于训练期,执行任务中期人际关系敏感和抑郁因子分高于训练期和执行任务初期.差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).③维和官兵SCL-90总分以及强迫症状、焦虑、抑郁、恐怖因子和队员的年龄、文化程度、军龄和职务呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论:我国赴利比里亚维和官兵心理健康状况良好,维和期间心理变化在正常范围波动;职务是影响维和官兵心理健康的主要因素,文化程度、年龄及军龄也影响维和官兵的心理健康.     

赴利比里亚初期维和官兵心理健康状况和人格特征相关分析

目的分析中国赴利比里亚维和官兵初期心理健康状况以及与人格特征的相关性。方法使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对运输分队和工兵分队共463名维和官兵进行集中测试。结果①维和官兵在执行任务初期SCL-90各因子分均低于中国军人常模(P<0.01)。②维和官兵心理健康状况与人格特征相关。EPQ内外向维度与SCL-90强迫、抑郁、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子呈负相关(P<0.05,P<0.01),与人际关系、焦虑、敌对因子呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01);神经质维度与SCL-90各因子呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01),除躯体化、强迫因子外,精神质维度与SCL-90其余各因子呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01);掩饰性维度与抑郁、焦虑因子呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。③运输分队的强迫、抑郁、焦虑及恐怖因子分显著高于工兵分队(P<0.05)。结论赴利比里亚初期,维和官兵心理健康状况良好;维和官兵心理健康状况与自身的人格特征相关;工兵分队相对运输分队心理健康状况要好。     

综合干预对首发心境障碍患者家属心理健康状况的影响

目的 探讨综合干预对首发住院心境障碍患者直系亲属心理健康状况的影响.方法 对84例首发心境障碍患者直系亲属随机分为研究组和对照组,两组均于干预前后利用SCL-90问卷进行测试.结果 心境障碍患者直系亲属SCL-90躯体化,强迫焦虑,抑郁等7个因子分高于全国常模(P<0.01),研究组SCL-90各因子分干预前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 首发住院心境障碍患者直系亲属心理健康状况较差,应给予综合干预,而干预结果提示综合干预方式值得在临床上推广.     

心理干预对鼻咽癌同期放化疗患者心理健康状况的影响探讨

目的探讨心理干预对鼻咽癌同期放化疗患者心理健康状况的影响。方法选取我院2015年6月~2017年6月收治的鼻咽癌同期放化疗患者共41例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为A组和B组,B组实施常规护理,A组实施常规护理结合心理干预,对比分析两组患者焦虑、抑郁评分和SCL-90评分。结果 A组SAS评分和SDS评分均显著低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且A组患者在心理干预前强迫、偏执、敌对、恐惧、躯体化、精神性和人际关系敏感评分均显著高于心理干预后比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组患者心理干预后SCL-90各项评分优于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心理干预能够有效提高鼻咽癌同期放化疗患者心理健康状况,临床应用价值较高。     

心理服务对非战争军事行动官兵心理健康的影响

目的 了解参加非战争军事行动官兵的心理健康状况,并研究心理服务对其的影响,为探讨非战争军事行动中官兵心理服务保障提供科学依据.方法 对330名参加非战争军事行动的官兵采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行两次测试,统计各因子分,同中国军人常模进行比较,并分析心理服务对参加非战争军事行动的官兵心理健康的影响.结果 参加非战争军事行动的官兵躯体化、抑郁、焦虑因子得分显著高于军人常模（P＜0.01）,人际关系敏感、敌对因子得分显著高于军人常模（P＜0.05）,偏执显著低于军人常模（P＜0.05）,其余各因子均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;心理服务后,参加非战争军事行动的官兵躯体化得分显著低于服务前（P＜0.01）,人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对因子得分显著低于服务前（P＜0.05）,其余各因子均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）.结论 参加非战争军事行动官兵的心理健康水平低于一般军人,心理服务能够有效提高其心理健康水平,为圆满完成任务提供有力支撑.     

军事演习期间陆军不同兵种官兵心理健康状况调查

目的调查分析军事演习期间陆军不同兵种官兵心理健康及心理应激水平,并探讨两者的相关性,为保障官兵心理健康提供科学理论依据。方法抽取某装甲部队官兵587名,其中炮兵196名、坦克兵194名及步兵197名,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)及军人心理应激自评问卷(PSET)进行测查,比较3兵种官兵的心理健康状况,并分析其心理健康与心理应激的相关性。结果 3兵种官兵SCL-90总分分别为:炮兵148.65±43.87、坦克兵156.98±38.24、步兵164.47±45.31,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关分析结果显示,心理应激与SCL-90总分及各因子呈非常显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论军事演习期间官兵的心理健康状况与兵种密切相关,心理应激与心理健康水平密切相关,应进行针对性干预。     

军队综合医院不同编制护理人员心理健康水平调查分析

目的研究军队综合医院不同编制临床护士的心理健康状况。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对某军队综合医院临床401名护士进行测试,与SCL-90全国女性常模各项因子分做比较,并按编制进行组间比较。结果①本组SCL-90除躯体化、精神病性因子分高于女性常模外,其他因子分均低于女性常模,人际敏感、抑郁、恐怖和偏执4个因子分显著低于全国女性常模(P<0.05,P<0.01);②合同护士人际敏感因子分显著高于军人护士和非现役文职护士(P<0.05)。结论军队综合医院临床护士心理健康水平整体较高,但合同护士心理健康水平相对较低。护理管理者要有的放矢地做好护理人员的心理卫生工作。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.