大学生状态、特质焦虑与刷新功能的关系

目的:探讨大学生状态和特质焦虑与刷新功能的关系.方法:采用活动任务范式对高、低特质和状态焦虑被试的数字和类词刷新功能进行测量.结果:①数字刷新实验,任务难度的主效应显著,特质焦虑和状态焦虑的主效应不显著,特质焦虑、状态焦虑和任务难度各因素之间交互作用均不显著;②类词刷新实验,情绪条件和状态焦虑的主效应显著,特质焦虑的主效应不显著,特质焦虑、状态焦虑和情绪条件各因素之间交互作用均不显著.结论:①状态焦虑和特质焦虑对记忆刷新的作用是分离的:高状态焦虑降低类词刷新成绩,但不影响数字刷新成绩;特质焦虑不影响刷新成绩;②特质和状态焦虑个体的类词刷新存在负性情绪偏向.     

不同行为类型医学生考试焦虑程度的比较研究

目的　比较不同行为类型医学生的考试焦虑程度 ,探讨行为类型与考试焦虑的关系。方法　对 1 0 5名在校大学生进行 A型行为问卷的评定后各随机选出 30名作为 A型行为组和 B型行为组 ,运用焦虑自评量表 ( SAS)分别对两组进行平时和考试前 30分钟的焦虑水平的测定。结果　 A型行为组和 B型行为组的考试焦虑分均显著高于平时焦虑分 ( P<0 .0 0 1 ) ,但 A型行为组增高更显著 ( P<0 .0 0 1 ) ,不同行为类型的平时焦虑分比较无显著性差异 ( P>0 .0 5) ;不同行为类型的考试焦虑分比较存在显著差异 ( P<0 .0 0 1 )。结论　 A型行为类型较之 B型行为类型具有更强烈的考试焦虑反应 ,提示应对 A型行为类型学生积极开展考试焦虑干预     

交往焦虑量表的信效度及其在中国大学生中的适用性

目的:分析交往焦虑量表的信效度,评估其在中国大学生中的适用性.方法:1439名大学生、58名精神科神经症住院病人以及24名社交焦虑的大学生分别接受交往焦虑量表、社交苦恼与回避量表以及焦虑自评量表的自评,其中30名大学生2周后重测.结果:交往焦虑量表的Cronbach α系数为0.81,重测系数为0.78,信度指标良好;与社交苦恼及回避量表的相关为0.66,与焦虑自评量表的相关为0.29,正常大学生与住院病人量表得分差异不显著,但两者与社交焦虑大学生的得分差异显著,说明其聚合效度与区分效度良好.结论:该量表具有良好的测量学指标,可以作为我国大学生社交焦虑研究的有效工具.     

不同考试情境下高中生自尊与考试焦虑的关系

目的 探讨不同考试情境下高中生自尊与考试焦虑关系.方法 采用高中生自尊评定问卷筛选高低自尊组共233名学生,平分每组被试在两种情境下进行考试,在考前和考中采用状态焦虑量表测量考试焦虑.结果 ①高中生考中焦虑与考前和常模比较差异显著（t=3.970,-11.860;P ＜0.001）；②低自尊高中生在普通和重要考试情境下的考试焦虑差异显著（t=-2.780,-2.573；P＜0.01）；③低自尊高中生在两种考试情境下的考中和考前焦虑差异显著（t=-11.674,-13.261；P ＜0.001）,高自尊的仅在重要考试情境下差异显著（t =-3.169,P＜0.01）；④在两种考试情境下,高低自尊高中生考试焦虑差异显著（t=-2.227,P＜0.05;t =-4.672,P＜0.001；t=-3.494,P＜0.01；t =-5.655,P＜0.001）.结论 高中生考中焦虑问题突出；低自尊高中生的考试焦虑易受考试情境影响；考试情境对不同自尊高中生有一定影响；自尊对高中生考试焦虑有重要影响.     

Study on Anxiety Development Trend of High Three Students and Anxiety Development Level of Different Academic Performance Students

目的 了解高三学生的焦虑发展趋势,及不同成绩考生的焦虑水平的差异,为高考考生心理调适提供依据.方法 收集500名高三学生下半学期模拟考成绩和高考成绩,以及3个时间段内采用状态-特质焦虑问卷获得的焦虑问卷结果,研究焦虑与学习成绩之间的关系.结果 在高三下半学期3个时期学生的状态焦虑水平存在显著焦虑差异(F=23.026,P＜0.01),特质焦虑水平也存在显著差异(F=21.009,P＜0.01);不同学习成绩考生的焦虑水平不存在显著的差异(F=0.366,P＞0.05);文理科生的测试主效应显著(F=3.219,P＜0.01).结论 考前焦虑因人,因专业,焦虑等级而有差异.     

应激情景对特质-状态焦虑及健康归因的影响

目的:探讨应激情景(SARS)中,特质焦虑的稳定性变化、状态焦虑的唤醒及健康状况的归因.方法:在自然发生的应激情景(SARS)中,用<状态-特质焦虑问卷>和<多维度健康状况心理控制源量表>对568名大学生进行问卷调查.结果:非应激期,被试的特质焦虑高于状态焦虑,应激情景中状态焦虑高于特质焦虑,不同时段之间特质焦虑水平差异显著(P＜0.001); 应激初期,低特质组的状态焦虑唤醒幅度大于高特质组, 差异明显(P＜0.001);被试间的健康状况心理控制源亦不相同.结论:应激情景下特质焦虑失去原有的稳定性,应激初期状态焦虑水平具有倾同性,但其健康归因各异.说明每一个人在重大应激事件中都需要社会的支持.     

咀嚼口香糖对考试焦虑的缓解作用(英文)

目的:旨在考察咀嚼口香糖对不同特质焦虑水平的高考生状态考试焦虑的缓解作用。方法:随机选取高中三年级理科生288人,根据高中低特质焦虑水平以及是否咀嚼口香糖将被试分为六组,在高考模考前测查状态考试焦虑问卷。结果:①嚼/不嚼口香糖组的状态考试焦虑分数差异显著,F=15.61,P0.0001,即咀嚼口香糖的主效应显著;②在低、中特质焦虑组,嚼口香糖组的状态考试焦虑分数显著低于不嚼口香糖组,F值、P值分别为:F=16.30,P0.001与F=7.52,P0.005;在高特质焦虑组,嚼/不嚼口香糖组的状态考试焦虑分数没有显著差异,F=0.21,P0.05。结论:咀嚼口香糖能有效缓解低、中特质焦虑学生的状态考试焦虑。     

银屑病患者的焦虑、抑郁的精神状态及行为特点

目的:探讨银屑病患者焦虑、抑郁的精神状态及行为特点。方法:选取2013年1月—2016年8月于我院就诊的银屑病患者共200例作为调查组,选取体检健康者200例作为对照组,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和A型行为问卷对患者进行评估,以了解患者焦虑、抑郁的精神状态及行为特点。结果:银屑病患者的平均病程时间为(3.4±1.3)年,调查组患者的SAS评分为(67.2±12.4),SDS评分为(66.3±14.6),显著高于对照组(t=29.185,26.859;P0.01),调查组患者的焦虑程度和抑郁程度比例均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=147.062,147.062;P0.01),调查组患者的TH、CH和TH+CH总分均显著高于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(t=6.467,8.155,9.289;P0.01)。结论:银屑病患者存在焦虑、抑郁等心理问题,也容易合并A型行为特点的表现。     

口腔科手术病人焦虑评估及心理干预

目的评估口腔科手术病人术前及术后焦虑状况。方法采用焦虑自评量表(SAS),对66位不同病种的口腔科手术病人进行连续性自评,时间为入院后、术前1天、出院前。结果被试在3个时段均显示有不同程度的焦虑(SAS评分分别为55.12±13.22、63.28±15.17、53.19±11.36),与另外2个时段比较术前1天焦虑值最高(P0.05)。结论做好口腔科手术病人的心理干预十分必要。     

自动情绪调节策略对焦虑个体负性情绪的作用

目的:探讨自动情绪调节策略对焦虑者负性情绪的调节作用。方法:以状态—特质焦虑量表(SATI)为标准,筛选出焦虑组和正常组被试各90名,以句子整理任务启动不同的自动情绪调节策略。结果:①启动自动表达抑制策略时焦虑组对情绪图片的唤醒度显著高于正常组,而启动自动认知重评策略时两组无显著差异;②焦虑个体在自动认知重评策略的调节下对情绪图片的唤醒度最低,而无策略组的唤醒度最高。结论:自动认知重评和自动表达抑制均能有效下调焦虑个体的负性情绪体验,且自动认知重评的效果优于自动表达抑制,因此自动情绪调节策略有助于缓解焦虑个体的焦虑感。     

Dreamed Speech and Speech Muscle Activity

Polygraphic recordings were made in 20 normal adult female subjects and a total of 45 sleep records were obtained. Subjects were awakened in Stage REM or Stage 2 and, when they recalled dreaming, they were asked whether or not they had been speaking in their dreams. Polygraphic recordings enabled determination of the presence or absence of phasic EMG discharges in speech and nonspeech muscles (mimic muscle and extremity muscles) just prior to awakenings. Results were examined for correlation with presence or absence of speech recall by the subjects. When phasic discharges occurred in speech muscles during either Stage REM or Stage 2, recall of speech in dreams was prevalent, while such recall was not observed when discharges occurred in nonspeech muscles. Moreover, recall of speech in dreams was rarely observed when no muscle phasic discharges occurred. These results suggest that speech in dreams may be accompanied by phasic discharges of speech muscles.     

Neurophysiology of Speech Differences in Childhood Apraxia of Speech

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during a picture naming task of simple and complex words in children with typical speech and with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Results reveal reduced amplitude prior to speaking complex (multisyllabic) words relative to simple (monosyllabic) words for the CAS group over the right hemisphere during a time window thought to reflect phonological encoding of word forms. Group differences were also observed prior to production of spoken tokens regardless of word complexity during a time window just prior to speech onset (thought to reflect motor planning/programming). Results suggest differences in pre-speech neurolinguistic processes.     

基于语音信号组合特征的语音图谱显示

为了帮助听力语言障碍者进行基于视觉语音训练,提出了一种将语音信号形成图像的新方法。首先对语音音素进行时域、频域、能量值的提取,然后通过计算得到每个采样点的组合特征值,描绘成图像。对元音音素的仿真结果表明:此方法可以较好地区分各种音素及发音过程,可用于语音的识别和辅助训练。     

Learning Curve of Speech Recognition

Speech recognition (SR) speeds patient care processes by reducing report turnaround times. However, concerns have emerged about prolonged training and an added secretarial burden for radiologists. We assessed how much proofing radiologists who have years of experience with SR and radiologists new to SR must perform, and estimated how quickly the new users become as skilled as the experienced users. We studied SR log entries for 0.25 million reports from 154 radiologists and after careful exclusions, defined a group of 11 experienced radiologists and 71 radiologists new to SR (24,833 and 122,093 reports, respectively). Data were analyzed for sound file and report lengths, character-based error rates, and words unknown to the SR’s dictionary. Experienced radiologists corrected 6 characters for each report and for new users, 11. Some users presented a very unfavorable learning curve, with error rates not declining as expected. New users’ reports were longer, and data for the experienced users indicates that their reports, initially equally lengthy, shortened over a period of several years. For most radiologists, only minor corrections of dictated reports were necessary. While new users adopted SR quickly, with a subset outperforming experienced users from the start, identification of users struggling with SR will help facilitate troubleshooting and support.     

Speech Disorders in Parkinsonism

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology - Objective. To study the clinical and neurophysiological features of speech impairments in Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and...     

The Pocket Speech Aid

A rapid-access but limited vocabulary communication aid for the nonvocal and speech impaired is useful in some well defined situations. The design and construction of such a device is described. Three distinct situations have been identified where an aid is essential and an initial evaluation has shown the Pocket Speech Aid to be very successful.