Alzheimer病的T淋巴细胞功能活性检测

目的　探讨外周Ｔ淋巴细胞功能活性与Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍ ｅｒ病（ＡＤ）病情的关系。方法　流式细胞仪测定Ｔ细胞亚群;ＭＴＴ法检测ＣｏｎＡ刺激ＡＤ外周淋巴细胞的增殖功能;ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测细胞因子及其受体表达。结果　（１）ＣＤ４＋ 、ＣＤ８＋ Ｔ细胞比例和ＣＤ４＋ ／ＣＤ８＋ 比值各组间无统计学差异。（２）淋巴细胞增值在轻、重ＡＤ组略下降,但刺激指数（ＳＩ）都大于２,与对照无明显差异。（３）ＩＬ－２的分泌在重度ＡＤ组和ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ表达在轻、重度ＡＤ组明显升高（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,ＩＬ－２Ｒ的表达各组间差异无显著性。结论　Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群变化与ＡＤ病情的联系不明显,细胞因子分泌功能与ＡＤ进展有关。     

Alzheimer病sIL—2R释放与T细胞活化测定

探讨外周淋巴细胞可溶性白介素－２受体释放与Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ病病情的关系。方法流式细胞仪测定、ＭＴＴ法和ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了刀豆蛋白和ＣＤ３单抗刺激ＡＤ外周淋巴细胞白介素－２受体表达，增殖和ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ的释放。结论ｓＩＬ－＝２Ｒ作为ＡＤ的诊断，病情观察指标值得进一步探讨。     

阿尔茨海默病患者外周淋巴细胞对Aβ1-40刺激反应性研究

目的 探讨阿尔茨海默病（ＡＤ）外周淋巴细胞免疫功能的变化。方法 淀粉样蛋白肽（Ａβ１－４０）等刺激ＡＤ患者外周淋巴细胞,测定其增殖功能和凋亡细胞比例;异硫氰酸荧光素（ＦＩＴＣ）标记单抗直接标记,流式细胞仪测定Ｔ细胞亚群。结果 轻、中～重ＡＤ组淋巴细胞对Ａβ１－４０刺激的增殖能力都显著低于对照;白介素－２（ＩＬ－２）分泌、白介素－２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ,ＣＤ２５）表达和Ｔ细胞亚群及细胞凋亡在各组间无差异。结论 ＡＤ病人淋巴细胞对Ａβ１－４０刺激增殖反应低下,提示ＡＤ患者对Ａβ１－４０清除能力减弱可能与ＡＤ发病有关。     

急性脑血管病患者血清可溶性白细胞介素2受体水平的动态观察

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗体夹心法对８６例急性脑血管病（ＡＣＶＤ）患者及４２例正常对照血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平进行了动态检测。结果显示脑梗塞和脑出血急性期血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显高于对照组；血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平变化既与出血量、梗塞体积密切相关，也与ＡＣＶＤ预后密切相关；动态观察显示恢复期患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平显著低于急性期患者，但仍然明显高于正常对照组。结果提示急性期及恢复期的ＡＣＶＤ患者Ｔ细胞处于活化状态，检测ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ对判断ＡＣＶＤ病情、推测预后有重要临床价值     

T细胞与格林-巴利综合征

目的　探讨Ｔ 细胞在格林－巴利综合征（ＧＢＳ）发病机制中的作用。方法　应用ＥＬＩＳＡ 双抗体夹心法,检测３１ 例ＧＢＳ患者血浆白介素（ＩＬ－２）和可溶性白介素－２ 受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）浓度。结果　３１ 例ＧＢＳ患者ＩＬ－２ 和ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ 浓度明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．００１） , 且增高的程度与临床分级显著相关 （Ｐ ＜０．０５）。１６ 例接受糖皮质激素治疗病情好转的恢复期患者ＩＬ－２ 和ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ 浓度相应下降至正常或接近正常。结论　结果提示Ｔ 细胞可能在周围神经脱髓鞘的病理损害的发病机制中起着十分重要的作用。     

急性脑血管病患者可溶性白细胞介素—2受体的检测

目的探讨急性脑血管病患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ含量的变化及其与病情的联系。方法采用双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ。结果急性脑血管病（ＡＣＶＤ）患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平较正常对照组明显升高（Ｐ＜０．００１），动态观察发现ＡＣＶＤ患者急性期血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平显著高于恢复期（Ｐ＜０．００１），至恢复期时达正常范围。结论血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平不仅可反映ＡＣＶＤ患者机体免疫状态，并可作为病情及判断预后的重要指标。     

脑出血患者周围血T淋巴细胞亚群及sIL—2R水平的研究

目的：探讨脑出血患者的细胞免疫功能及其临床意义。方法：对４６例脑出血患者及４２例正常对照组外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群及血清可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平进行检测,并对其中２１例脑出血患者恢复期外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群及血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平进行了复查。结果：脑出血急性期外周血ＣＤ３数量明显低于对照组,ＣＤ４与对照组比较无显著性差异,ＣＤ８明显高于对照组,ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值则显著低于对照组,血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平显著高于对照组;病情重者、预后差者周围血ＣＤ３数量明显少于病情轻者、预后好者,ＣＤ８数量明显多于病情轻者、预后好者,ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值显著低于病情轻重、预后好者,血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平显著高于病情轻重、预后好者;脑出血组恢复期与急性期比较,周围血ＣＤ３数量明显增多,ＣＤ８明显减少,ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值明显升高     

老年急性脑血管病并多器官功能衰竭患者SIL—2R和T细胞亚…

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＡＰＡＡＰ法对３２例老年急性脑血管病（ＡＣＶＤ）并多器官功能衰竭（ＭＯＦ）患者及４０例老年和３５例非老年ＡＣＶＤ患者血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ）及Ｔ细胞亚群水平进行了测定。并与３０例对照组比较。结果显示，疾病各组队ＣＤ３外ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ和ＣＤ８均较对照组明显升高ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值则明显下降，其中以老年ＡＣＶＤ并ＭＯＦ组变化最为显著，与老年和非老年ＡＣＶＤ组比较，亦有显著     

急性脑血管病患者血清NO、sIL-2R含量变化及临床意义

目的：探讨急性脑血管病（ＡＣＶＤ）患者血清中一氧化氮（ＮＯ）和可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平的动态变化及临床意义。方法： ＮＯ采用分光光度比色法测定; ｓＩＬ－ ２Ｒ采用ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗体夹心法测定。结果：急性脑血管病患者急性期血清ＮＯ和ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ均显著高于正常对照组（ｐ＜ ０．０１）,并且依神经功能缺损积分重型组明显高于轻型组（ｐ＜ ０．０５）;两周后复查,好转组ＮＯ较急性期显著下降,接近正常对照组（ｐ＞ ０．０５）,而ｓＩＬ－ ２Ｒ较急性期下降,但仍高于正常对照组（０．０５＞ｐ＞ ０．０１）。结论： ＮＯ参与了脑缺血再灌注的损伤过程;急性脑血管病患者存在着免疫激活,检测ＮＯ和ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ对判断ＡＣＶＤ病情、推测预后有重要临床价值。     

重症肌无力患者外周血乙酰胆碱受体特异性T细胞sIL—2R,IFN—γ,IL— …

目的 了解ＭＧ患者的乙酰胆碱受体（ＡＣｈＲ）特异性细胞免疫应答。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测３０例ＭＧ患者２０名健康对照者经ＡＣｈＲ刺激后外周血单核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）辅助性Ｔ细胞１（Ｔｈ１）相关的干扰素（ＩＦＮ）－γ，辅助性Ｔ细胞（Ｔｈ２）相关的白细胞介素（ＩＬ）－４及与细胞免疫活化密切要关的可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）的分泌，用逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）结合狭     

Mechanisms of the suppression of the nociceptive reflex of the opening of the mouth during stimulation of the structures of the limbic brain

The comparative effectiveness of the inhibitory influence of tetanic stimulation of hypothalamus, amygdala and limbic cortex on EMG-response of m. digastricus evoked by electrical stimulation of tooth pulp nociceptive afferents was studied in cats anesthetized with a mixture of chloralose and nembutal. It was found that inhibition of the EMG-component of the jaw-opening reflex is most pronounced in case of stimulation of medial and lateral region of the hypothalamus, the inhibitory effect of central and medial nuclei of the amygdala is less pronounced and the effect of the limbic cortex is the weakest. It was shown that the mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of tetanic stimulation of the hypothalamus is not related to the concomitant increase of the blood pressure. After stabilization of the blood pressure the suppressive effect of the hypothalamus remains without changes, that points out to a direct, primary, not baro-afferent mechanism of the inhibition of the activity of nociceptive neurons of the trigeminal sensory nuclei. Noradrenaline, injected intravenously, induced a large increase of the blood pressure accompanied by a pronounced inhibition of the pain reflex. Angiotensin causes the same degree of blood pressure elevation without changes in the amplitude of the EMG-response of the pain reflex. Hypothalamic and noradrenergic mechanisms for control of pain sensitivity are discussed.     

药物治疗与合并认知行为治疗对强迫症疗效的比较

目的探讨认知行为心理治疗(CBT)在强迫症(OCD)患者各亚型治疗中的有效性和规律性。方法本研究为临床对照研究。符合入组标准的强迫症患者按患者自愿原则分为两组,治疗观察3、6、12个月。疗效评定分别运用Yale-Brown强迫量表,自拟的自评好转程度量表和临床疗效评定。结果认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗组31例,临床有效率70.9%,其中治愈率1.8%。单纯药物治疗组24例,临床有效率33.3%。Yale-Brown强迫量表和自评量表得分在6个月和12个月两组有显著差异(P<0.05)。其中强迫症亚型(怕脏型、反复检查型和反复担心型)的疗效比较,怕脏型在治疗3个月末两组间自评量表评分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复担心型在治疗6个月末两组间Yale-Brown强迫量表总分有显著性差异(P<0.05);反复检查型两组间无统计学差异。结论认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗强迫症的疗效明显优于单纯药物治疗。强迫症的亚型在治疗中的有效性次序为:反复担心型>怕脏型>反复检查型。     

Characteristics of the sympathetic innervation of the nictitating membrane and of the vasculature of the nose and tongue of the cat

Summary Vasomotor responses from the nasal mucosa and tongue, and contractions of the nictitating membrane, were recorded on stimulation of the cervical sympathetic or internal carotid nerves.Preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres which elicited a membrane response possessed a lower threshold than those which evoked nasal vasoconstriction, while the latter displayed a lower threshold than fibres which evoked tongue vasoconstriction. The sympathetic vasodilator fibres to the tongue, whose activity was revealed after-receptor blockade, had a similar threshold to the vasoconstrictor fibres.Membrane contraction, nasal vasoconstriction and occasionally tongue vasoconstriction could be evoked by stimulating the internal carotid nerve. The postganglionic fibres innervating the nasal mucosa had a similar threshold to those of the nictitating membrane, which may indicate that there are small myelinated fibres innervating the mucosa.The preganglionic compound nerve action potential had four major components, S₁–S₄. S₁, S₂ and usually S₃ fibres were associated with membrane contraction; S₂, S₃ and sometimes S₁ fibres were associated with nasal vasoconstriction; and S₃, usually S₂ and occasionally S₁ fibres were associated with vasoconstriction in the tongue. It is concluded that each of these three groups of nerve fibres, but not S₄ fibres, may include fibres associated functionally with the three effectors.There was a considerable difference between the relative amplitude of the responses of the three effectors elicited by stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve at frequencies between 0.2 and 2 Hz. Vasoconstrictor responses were relatively larger than membrane contractions suggesting differences in the mechanisms of neurotransmission at the neuroeffector junctions.     

Development of the projection from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus to the superior colliculus in the ferret

Neurons in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) have spatially tuned receptive fields that are arranged to form a map of auditory space. The spatial tuning of these neurons emerges gradually in an experience-dependent manner after the onset of hearing, but the relative contributions of peripheral and central factors in this process of maturation are unknown. We have studied the postnatal development of the projection to the ferret SC from the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus (nBIC), its main source of auditory input, to determine whether the emergence of auditory map topography can be attributed to anatomical rewiring of this projection. The pattern of retrograde labeling produced by injections of fluorescent microspheres in the SC on postnatal day (P) 0 and just after the age of hearing onset (P29), showed that the nBIC-SC projection is topographically organized in the rostrocaudal axis, along which sound azimuth is represented, from birth. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine-fluorescein into the nBIC at different ages (P30, 60, and 90) labeled axons with numerous terminals and en passant boutons throughout the deeper layers of the SC. This labeling covered the entire mediolateral extent of the SC, but, in keeping with the pattern of retrograde labeling following microsphere injections in the SC, was more restricted rostrocaudally. No systematic changes were observed with age. The stability of the nBIC-SC projection over this period suggests that developmental changes in auditory spatial tuning involve other processes, rather than a gross refinement of the projection from the nBIC.     

A contribution to the study of the architecture of the autonomic nervous system of the digestive tract of the rat

Summary The distribution of aminergic and non-aminergic nerve fibres to the different constituents of the wall of the digestive tract in various regions is described. Aminergic fibres synapse with all nervous perikarya. Densely interlacing networks of nerve fibres are found in both layers of the tunica muscularis and in the lamina muscularis mucosae. A finely meshed plexus is observed in relation to the wall of the blood vessels in the wall of the gut. There are many fibres connecting the muscular and the vascular plexus. No nerve fibres have been observed in direct relation to the epithelium.The functional implications of these findings are discussed.