输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石

目的总结气压弹道碎石机经输尿管镜治疗输尿管结石的临床效果？方法对采用该法治疗的307例输尿管结石患者的临床资料进行回顾和分析,总结应用该方法治疗的经验及教训．结果307例中碎石成功274例,占89．25％;失败33例,占10．75％,其中本组输尿管上端结石狭窄61例,术中结石被冲入肾盂21例,改行体外冲击波碎石术;输尿管输尿管口狭窄13例,输尿管弯曲5例,改行开放手术;双重输尿管4例,术中出血2例。结论气压弹道碎石术是一种安全、高效的输尿管腔内碎石术,可作为输尿管上端（有肉芽组织包裹结石）、中段和下段结石的首选治疗方法。术中结石被冲入肾盂、输尿管畸形、输尿管损伤、出血是导致手术失败的主要原因,熟练的操作技术和完善的术前检查可提高手术成功率。     

输尿管肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石

目的探讨输尿管肾镜气压弹道碎石技术在治疗输尿管结石中的作用.方法分析169例输尿管结石患者应用该方法治疗的经验及教训.结果169例中164例原位碎石成功,成功率达97.0%;平均碎石时间(5.8±2.9)min,术后3 d～1个月碎石排净率达98.1%.结论经输尿管肾镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石安全、微创、高效.输尿管肾镜的置人和结石的相对固定是碎石成功的关键.术后均应置放内引流支架管.     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石86例

我院1997年6月～2003年1月应用Wolf输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石86例，取得满意疗效，现报告如下。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗泌尿系结石

目的 探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术泌尿系结石的临床疗效。方法 自１９９４年８月至１９９７年１２月，采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石１４５例，吉石５例。结果 一次性结石粉碎率为７９．３％，并发症发生率为５．３％，主要是输尿管穿孔及感染。结论 此碎石方法安全、效果确切、损伤小，如与ＥＳＷＬ等体外碎石方法结合应用疗效更佳。     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石110例

目的总结输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石的临床效果。方法采用F8/9.8 Wolf硬性输尿管镜、JUN—AIR气压弹道碎石机治疗110例输尿管结石。结果输尿管镜直视下一次碎石成功105例，成功率95．5％（105／110），1～6周内结石全部排净。2例因置镜失败改开放手术，3例输尿管上段结石上移至肾脏行ESWL2例，口服排石药物治疗1例。术后泌尿系感染5例，轻度肉眼血尿1～3d。结论输尿管镜气压弹道碎石是治疗输尿管中、下段结石的有效方法之一，具有碎石率高、安全、并发症少、操作简单的优点。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石

目的:总结输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石的经验。方法:对本院采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石的128例患者术前、术中及术后所出现的情况进行分析。结果:总碎石成功率为96.1％。术后并发输尿管穿孔1例,术后发热6例。结论:气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石安全有效,损伤小是治疗输尿管中下段结石的好方法。术中各个环节的技术操作是碎石成功的关键。妥善放置内引流及抗生素的应用是防止各种并发症的重要措施。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石78例

20 0 0年 6月～ 2 0 0 3年 3月 ,我科采用输尿管硬镜联合气压弹道碎石机治疗输尿管中下段结石患者 78例 ,效果满意。现报告如下。1　资料与方法本组 78例 ,男 5 2例 ,女 2 6例 ,年龄 1 8～ 74岁 ,平均 43岁。均为输尿管中下段单侧结石 ,右侧5 6例 ,左侧 2 2例。单发 72例 ,多发 6例。结石大小 ( 0 .3cm× 0 .5cm)～ ( 0 .8cm× 1 .2cm)。病程0 .5～ 5 .0年。术前行体外冲击波碎石术 (ESWL) 2次以上者 42例。采用连续硬脊膜外阻滞麻醉 ,膀胱截石位 ,在连续注水情况下经尿道内患侧输尿管插入Wolf8.0 / 9.8输尿管硬镜 ,探见结石后 ,从输尿管…     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石295例

2001年9月-2004年10月，我科采用输尿管硬镜联合气压弹道碎石机治疗输尿管结石患者295例，效果满意。现报告如下。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石

目的 探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石的治疗效果. 方法 我院2002年8月～2006年4月采用Wolf F8/9.8硬性输尿管镜联合瑞士EMS气压弹道碎石机碎石治疗输尿管结石158例163侧.采用椎管内麻醉,生理盐水作为冲洗液,输尿管镜进入输尿管,到达结石处后,气压弹道击碎并取出结石,并上行观察输尿管全长,术后留置双J管引流.结果手术时间15～90 min,平均40 min.碎石成功率96.9%（158/163）,其中输尿管上段结石碎石成功率86.6%（13/15）,中段结石碎石成功率96.9%（46/49）,下段结石碎石成功率100%（99/99）;2例输尿管上段结石移位至肾盂内,留置双J管后行体外冲击波碎石,其余3例为结石被击碎后,残余小结石进入肾盂,留置双J管后行药物排石或体外冲击波碎石.术中出现输尿管穿孔3例（1.8%）,留置双J管引流后治愈;无输尿管粘膜撕脱、断裂、周围血管脏器损伤等严重并发症,无中转开放手术.125例随访1～38个月,平均15个月,B超或KUB检查,无结石复发. 结论输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石具有碎石成功率高,创伤小,手术时间较短等优点,是治疗输尿管结石的一种安全、有效的方法.     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗儿童输尿管结石

儿童输尿管结石临床较少见，我院于1998年11月-2002年10月通过输尿管镜应用气压弹道碎石治疗儿童输尿管结石11例。全部成功，现报告如下。     

输尿管镜治疗输尿管结石185例

目的探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石的效果。方法2004年2月～2005年3月，我们对185例输尿管结石（其中伴肾绞痛96例）采用输尿管镜取石或气压弹道碎石进行总结和分析。结果失败12例，其中6例改开放手术，6例术后3d行体外冲击波碎石。一次碎石成功率93．5％（173／185），其中上段结石为75．0％（24／32），中段为95．8％（46／48），下段为98．1％（103／105）。肾绞痛者成功率为100％（96／96）。术中输尿管损伤率2．9％（5／173），其中3例（1．7％）中转开放手术。术后肾绞痛1例。全组随访6～12个月，平均10．2月，无复发。结论输尿管镜气压弹道碎石安全有效，并发症少，是治疗输尿管中下段结石的首选方法，尤其对肾绞痛者疗效更好。     

经尿道输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石

目的探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的疗效。方法输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石56例，尿管上段结石3例，中段结石32例，下段结石21例中结石位于左侧30例，右侧25例，双侧1例。结果56例输尿管结石粉碎53例（94．6％），1例结石移动至肾盂未完成手术，1例置镜失败而改行开放手术，1例发生输尿管下段穿孔，经放置双J管内引流后改行ESWL治疗。30例（53．6％）术后有肉眼或镜下血尿，所有病例无尿路感染、输尿管黏膜剥脱、撕裂及狭窄等严重并发症。结论输尿管镜直视下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石，疗效确切、安全、组织损伤小，并发症少，可作为输尿管中段和下段结石的首选治疗方法。     

输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗210例输尿管息肉包裹性结石

目的探讨经输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管息肉包裹性结石的疗效。方法收集本院2003年12月至2009年6月期间经输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管息肉包裹性结石210例病例资料,进行回顾性分析。其中,男139例,女71例,年龄17～69岁,单侧202例,双侧8例,结石直径0.8～2.1cm。结果手术成功率89%(187/210),结石直径8～17mm,平均手术时间67±24min,住院时间5～9d,结石排净平均时间19.7±11.3d。碎石失败23例,其中结石体积较大导致碎石不理想4例;输尿管狭窄或者扭曲造成置镜失败或者碎石不理想13例;结石移位被冲入肾盂6例。并发症发生率9%,其中,输尿管口或壁段损伤11例,输尿管穿孔或假道6例,肾周积液并感染1例,输尿管完全撕脱1例。结论经输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管肉芽包裹性结石是一种相对高效、安全的治疗手段。     

输尿管镜碎石术后输尿管狭窄的治疗

目的研究输尿管镜碎石术后输尿管狭窄的治疗方法及效果。方法回顾性分析北京清华长庚医院2014年12月-2018年2月收治的输尿管镜碎石术后输尿管狭窄患者的临床资料。初次治疗、输尿管狭窄长度<2 cm的患者首选以内腔镜下治疗为主的手术方式(内腔镜下球囊扩张或球囊扩张+内切开)为内镜组,既往治疗失败或狭窄长度>2 cm的患者选择以尿路重建手术为主的治疗方式为腹腔镜/开放组,记录并观察患者术后发热、腰痛、留置输尿管支架管或肾造瘘管、超声、CT尿路造影、利尿肾图等情况。结果34例行内腔镜下治疗,11例行开放/腹腔镜尿路重建手术。内腔镜治疗病例中73.5%(25例)为初次治疗,尿路重建病例中63.6%(7例)术前有输尿管狭窄治疗史。内腔镜手术有效率44%,尿路重建术有效率76%,尿路重建术有效率为内腔镜治疗的1.73倍。结论虽然尿路重建手术有效率明显高于内腔镜下治疗,对于选择合适的病例,内腔镜手术仍可作为输尿管镜碎石术后输尿管狭窄的一线治疗。初次治疗可采用内腔镜治疗,有既往治疗史的患者则以尿路重建手术为主。     

结石拦截网在输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术中的应用

目的探讨结石拦截网在输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管中下段结石术中的应用价值。方法输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术中联合应用结石拦截网治疗输尿管中下段结石48例，其中输尿管中段结石18例，下段结石30例，男32例，女16例，结石长径0．7～2．0cm，左侧输尿管结石22例，右侧26例，其中双侧输尿管结石6例，合并膀胱结石4例。结果46例拦截成功并完成碎石，2例结石上移至肾内，拦截成功率为95．8％（46／48）。术中无输尿管穿孔和黏膜撕脱等并发症发生。结论结石拦截网可有效防止输尿管镜气压弹道碎石过程中结石移位，提高碎石成功率，其操作简单，值得临床应用推广。     

Extracorporeal shock-wave versus pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy in treatment of lower ureteral calculi

Aim: To compare the efficacy and complications of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (SWL) and pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) in the treatment of lower ureteral calculi. Methods: From August 1997 to June 1999, 210 patients with calculi in the distal third of the ureter were treated with SWL and the other 180 with URS. The stones were fragmented with either HB-ESWL-V lithotripter or JML-93 pneumatic lithotripter through Wolf 7.5～9.0 Fr ureteroscope. The outcome was assessed in terms of stone clearance rate, re-treatment rate and complication incidence. Results: The stone clearance rate was 78.1% with SWL and 93.3 % with URS (P<0.05). SWL had a re-treatment rate of 11.9 %, vs 2.2 % in the URS group (P<.05). URS caused ureteral perforation in 3.3% of patients, while it was 0 with SWL (P<0.05). The differences in the incidence of other complications such as infection and stricture between the two groups were insignificant. Conclusion: Though the selection of these two options depends on equip     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的临床分析

目的 探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗各段输尿管结石的疗效.方法 回顾性分析我院2004年1月至2010年1月应用输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗的317例单纯输尿管结石患者的临床资料.结果 一次性碎石成功率89.97％ (296/329),术中并发症发生率1.22％ (4/329),碎石成功患者术后结石排净率97.30％(288/296).结石横径≤1 cm和＞1 cm两个亚组在碎石成功率、术后1个月无石率方面差异比较均无统计学意义(P＞0.05) ;术中并发症方面,输尿管上段结石＞1 cm组高于≤1 cm 组(P＜0.05),而输尿管中、下段结石两亚组间无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术安全,有效,损伤小,可作为治疗输尿管中下段结石及体外冲击波碎石失败的输尿管上段结石的有效治疗方法之一.     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石

目的评价输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术（URSL）治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效。方法使用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石170例，输尿管上段结石10例，输尿管中段结石42例，输尿管下段结石118例，结石最大直径2．2cm，平均1．0cm，合并患侧肾积水80例，伴肾绞痛77例，平均病史为24周。结果一次性碎石成功率90．5％（154例）；10例输尿管壁残留小结石，术后1个月复查静脉肾盂造影（IVU），残石已排净；2例较大残余结石上移至肾盂行体外冲击波碎石（ESWL），1个月内结石排净；4例改开放手术，2例为结石被息肉严重包裹碎石失败，2例结石远端严重狭窄；均无输尿管穿孔、撕裂、假道、撕脱等并发症；随访9—12个月，肾积水病例积水情况明显改善；伴肾绞痛病例症状消失；未见结石复发病例。结论输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石疗效确切、安全。     

Benefits of ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy for the treatment of impacted ureteral stones.

PURPOSE: Although new forms of lithotripsy, such as new-generation shockwave and laser lithotripsies, have recently been developed, the optimal treatment for impacted ureteral stones (IUS) remains controversial. We investigated, retrospectively, the outcome of IUS treated with ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two IUS cases were treated using ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy. Of 22 stones, 8 (36%) were treated by ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy as initial treatment and 14 (64%) with pneumatic lithotripsy as an auxiliary treatment after SWL. The stone sizes ranged from 7 to 16 mm with 14 located in the proximal, 3 in the middle, and 5 in the distal ureter. RESULTS: Twenty stones (91%) were effectively fragmented by ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy and eliminated within 1 month after treatment. One stone could not be observed with the ureteroscope secondary to the kinking and stricture of the ureter under the stone, and the stone moved into the kidney during the procedure. The stone was subsequently treated successfully with SWL. One other stone was first fragmented into two pieces; and one big piece, which migrated into the kidney, was treated successfully with SWL. Complications such as bleeding, ureteral injury, and perforation did not occur. Although a few small fragments migrated into the kidney during the procedure in three cases, the overall stone-free rate at 1 month after a one-session treatment with pneumatic lithotripsy was 91%. CONCLUSION: Impacted ureteral stones can be treated effectively with ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy in both the short and the long term.     

Comparison of pneumatic and Holmium laser ureteroscopic lithotripsy for upper third ureteral stones

ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcomes of ureteroscopic lithotripsy with pneumatic lithotripter and Holium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Ho:YAG) laser in the management of upper third ureteral stones.Materials and methodsPatients who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy with pneumatic lithotripter or Ho:YAG laser for upper third ureteral stones were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with urinary tract infection, radiolucent stones, loss of follow-up, concurrent middle or lower third ureteral stones or acute renal failure were excluded. Patient age, stone size and burden (based on KUB or computerized tomography), stone upward migration, double J stent insertion rate, stone free rate and secondary intervention rate for residual stones were compared in both groups.ResultsThere were 158 patients with 178 upper third ureteral stones (135 in pneumatic lithotripsy group and 43 in Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy group) meeting the study criteria. Patients' age, gender, stone laterality, stone size and burden were similar in both groups. The Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy group had better stone free rate, less double J stent insertion rate and less secondary intervention rate as compared with pneumatic lithotripsy (53.4% vs. 40.1%; 72.1% vs. 91.9%; 25% vs. 48.5% respectively, all p < 0.05). In patients with stones larger than 10 mm, Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy had significantly lower upward migration rate, lower double J stent insertion rate, higher stone free rate and less secondary intervention rate.ConclusionsHo:YAG laser lithotripsy is superior to pneumatic lithotripsy in the management of upper third ureteral stones in terms of double J stent insertion rate, stone free rate and secondary intervention rate for stones of all sizes. For stones larger than 10 mm, laser lithotripsy results in less stone upward migration.