中国人非小细胞肺癌EGFR基因突变的研究

目的研究中国人非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变的情况.方法采用PCR扩增和基因测序,检测101例非小细胞肺癌(NSCLCs)EGFR外显子18、19和21的突变情况,并与国外报道的数据进行比较,同时分析其突变与临床特征的关系.结果共检测26例EGFR突变(25.7%),显著高于西方国家报道的数字,其中以腺癌、非吸烟者和女性突变率较高.结论中国人NSCLCs的EGFR突变率高于西方人种,更适宜靶向药物的治疗.     

非小细胞肺癌314例EGFR基因突变的研究

目的研究中国人非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）基因突变的情况及其与临床特征（性别、临床分期、吸烟情况）的关系。方法采用PCR扩增和基因测序检测314例非小细胞肺癌（NSCLCs）EGFR外显子19和21的突变情况,分析其突变与临床特征的关系。结果314例中共检测出120例（38．2％）EGFR突变,EGFR基因突变与性别和吸烟史相关,与临床分期无关。结论中国人NSCLCs的EGFR突变率较高,在使用EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗前进行EGFR基因突变检测很有必要。     

浙江省非小细胞肺癌患者EGFR基因与EML4-ALK融合基因突变的检测及其临床特征

目的:检测中国人非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)基因和棘皮动物微管相关蛋白样-4与渐变性淋巴瘤激酶(EML4-ALK)融合基因的突变情况,同时分析这两种基因与非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)临床病理特征的关系?方法:采用PCR扩增和基因测序法检测252例NSCLCs EGFR基因外显子19和21的突变情况,real-time PCR法检测EML4-ALK融合基因的突变情况,分析突变与临床特征的关系?结果:252例非小细胞肺癌组织标本EGFR的突变率为38.8%(98例),其中19外显子突变率为15.8%(40例),21外显子突变率为23.0%(58例)?EGFR突变的患者多为女性?无吸烟史和腺癌(P < 0.05),与患者年龄无关(P > 0.05)?252例非小细胞肺癌组织标本中,EML4-ALK融合基因突变率4.7%(12例)?EML4-ALK基因突变患者多为女性和年龄较小者(P < 0.05),与患者吸烟史和病理类型无关(P > 0.05)?没有检测到EGFR和EML4-ALK的突变共存情况?结论:中国人中NSCLCs的EGFR突变率较高,在使用EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗前进行EGFR基因突变检测很有必要?EML4-ALK基因突变代表了NSCLC另一种分子亚型,这为临床NSCLC患者的治疗提供了一种新的选择方案?EML4-ALK融合基因突变与EGFR突变共存是罕见的现象?     

HRM方法检测非小细胞肺癌患者胸水标本癌细胞基因突变的临床意义

[目的]探讨应用HRM方法检测非小细胞肺癌患者胸水标本癌细胞EGFR、KRAS基因突变用于指导EGFR酪氨酸激酶受体抑制剂治疗的可行性.[方法]收集36例非小细胞肺癌患者胸水标本,常规提取DNA,HRM方法检测KRAS基因第2外显子、EGFR基因第19和21外显子突变.统计分析胸水标本与前期检测过的非小细胞肺癌组织KRAS、EGFR突变率差异.[结果]胸水标本36例中,2例(5.6％)KRAS突变,10例(27.8％) EGFR突变(其中EGFR第19和21外显子突变各5例).前期检测过的非小细胞肺癌组织KRAS和EGFR突变率分别为5.8％和36.3％.KRAS和EGFR突变率在胸水标本与前期非小细胞肺癌组织中差异均无显著性意义(P＞0.05).[结论]对难以获得肺癌组织标本的非小细胞肺癌患者可应用HRM方法检测胸水标本筛查KRAS、EGFR基因突变,指导EGFR酪氨酸激酶受体抑制剂应用.     

非小细胞肺癌血浆EGFR突变与肿瘤标志物水平的关系

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌外周血游离DNA样本EGFR突变率与临床基线特征和血清肿瘤标志物表达水平的关系.方法 收集本院确诊为非小细胞肺癌166例.利用PCR和变性高效液相色谱法分析EGFR19和21外显子突变.其中89例同时利用多肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片检测系统检测癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、糖类抗原153(CA153)等血清肿瘤标志物,分析突变率与临床基线特征和肿瘤标志物表达水平的关系.结果 166例非小细胞肺癌中,EGFR总突变率19.9％.女性突变率显著高于男性(P =0.037).腺癌突变率高于其他组织学类型,但未达到显著水平(P =0.096).CEA、CA153中高表达患者EGFR突变率显著高于低表达者(P =0.048,P=0.017),CA199高表达患者仅有高于中低表达者的趋势(P =0.093).多变量Logistic分析表明,组织学类型为腺癌,CA153、CEA中、高表达与EGFR突变率相关.结论 对于晚期非小细胞肺癌,血浆EGFR突变率与血清肿瘤标志物表达水平明显相关.其标志物水平可作为进一步判断EGFR突变优势群体的因素.     

晚期非小细胞肺癌与TKI的治疗观察

目的分析EGFR基因与非小细胞肺癌疗效的相关性研究。方法选取2014年2月至2016年5月期间我院收治已确诊的非小细胞肺癌100例患者为研究对象,运用ADx-ARMSEGFR基因突变检测试剂,并对100例未给予过Gefitinib治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者进行检测,分析EGFR基因外显子18,19,20以及21突变的情况。结果非小细胞肺癌患者的总EGFR基因突变率为49%;EGFR基因突变在肺鳞状细胞癌的突变率显著低于肺腺癌组织中的基因突变率(P0.05),且EGFR基因在男性患者突变率为显著低于在女性患者突变率(P0.05)。结论我国非小细胞肺癌中特别是肺腺癌患者存在较高的EGFR基因突变率,将患者的的临床病理特征与EGFR基因突变中的外显子21和外显子19突变结合能够成为评价TKI治疗非小细胞肺癌患者的重要标志之一。     

Scorpions-ARMS法检测非小细胞肺癌患者外周血EGFR基因突变及其临床预测价值的研究

目的应用蝎形扩增阻滞突变系统（Scorpions—ARMS）检测非小细胞肺癌患者外周血EGFR基因突变及其临床预测价值的研究。方法应用蝎型扩增阻滞突变系统（Scorpions—ARMS）检测非小细胞肺癌外周血中EGFR基因第18、19、20及21外显子突变,统计分析EGFR基因突变的相关因素。结果50例非小细胞肺癌患者中,EGFR基因的突变率为30％（15／50）。结果EGFR基因的突变率47．4％（女性）明显高于19．4％（男性）。非吸烟患者EGFR突变率45．5％高于吸烟患者17．9％,差异有统计学意义（P=0．035）。在非小细胞肺癌患者中,腺癌患者EGFR突变率40．6％明显高于非腺癌患者11．1％,差异有统计学意义（P=0．029）。结论Scorpions—ARMS是检测血清游离DNA中EGFR基因突变的可靠有效方法。     

非小细胞肺癌患者血浆EGFR基因突变的检测

目的应用探针扩增阻滞突变系统聚合酶链反应(ARMS-PCR)检测晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者血浆游离DNA中表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变情况。方法收集本院182例非小细胞肺癌晚期患者的外周血,分别提取循环DNA,采用ARMS-PCR扩增EGFR基因的第18、19、20和2l外显子突变,并将部分病例结果与同时期组织或胸水检测结果进行比较分析。结果血浆EGFR基因的突变率为28.0%,主要以19-del突变为主,构成比占56.9%;腺癌患者突变率高于鳞癌患者,差异有统计学意义(32.7%vs.6.7%,P0.05),未发现血浆EGFR基因突变率与性别、年龄、病理分期和分化程度相关;64例血浆与组织检查结果比对一致率为71.9%,16例血浆与胸水检查结果比对一致率为75.0%,血浆与组织和胸水的检测结果比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论晚期非小细胞肺癌患者血浆EGFR基因的突变率比肿瘤组织和胸水标本低,肿瘤组织仍是最佳的检测标本,实在难以获取肿瘤组织时血浆标本是有效的补充。     

中国北方地区非小细胞肺癌患者表皮生长因子受体基因突变的研究

目的研究中国北方地区非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者肺癌组织表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变的情况。方法采用PCR扩增和基因测序,检测93例NSCLC患者癌组织EGFR基因外显子19和21的突变情况,并分析其突变与临床特征的关系。结果93例组织标本中共检测到21例EGFR突变(22.6%),其中16例发生在外显子19的缺失突变,5例发生在外显子21的错义突变。男性与女性,吸烟者与非吸烟者,不同病理分型的NSCLC患者基因突变率间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中国北方地区NSCLC患者癌组织的EGFR基因在腺癌、女性、非吸烟者中突变率高,这类患者更适宜靶向药物的治疗。     

老年非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体突变的影响因素与分子靶向治疗的效果研究

目的：探讨老年非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变的影响因素与分子靶向治疗的效果。方法：选取2017年1月-2019年6月在黄州区人民医院经病理检查确诊为NSCLC的268例老年患者作为研究对象。患者均进行EGFR突变检测,并应用表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKIs)治疗。分析EGFR突变的影响因素与EGFR-TKIs治疗的效果。结果：纳入的268例NSCLC患者中,EGFR基因突变阳性136例,突变率为50.75%。年龄>70岁和≤70岁患者的突变率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);女性患者突变率高于男性,无吸烟史患者突变率高于有吸烟史患者,腺癌患者突变率高于黏液腺癌及其他类型NSCLC患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);EGFR基因突变阳性患者的疾病控制率高于EGFR基因突变阴性患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：NSCLC患者EGFR基因突变率较高,以女性、无吸烟史和腺癌患者多见,EGFR基因突变阳性患者应用EGFR-TKIs治疗的效果更好。     

Associations Between Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutation and Serum Tumor Markers in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinomas:A Retrospective Study

Objective To investigate the associations between epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） gene mutations and serum tumor markers in advanced lung adenocarcinomas. Methods We investigated the association between EGFR gene mutations and clinical features, including serum tumor marker levels, in 97 advanced lung adenocarcinomas patients who did not undergo the treatment of EGlaR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. EGFR gene mutation was detected by real-time PCR at exons 18, 19, 20, and 21. Serum tumor marker concentrations were analyzed by chemiluminescence assay kit at the same time. Results EGFR gene mutations were detected in 42 （43%） advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients. Gender （P=0.003）, smoking status （P=0.001）, and abnormal serum status of carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA, P=0.028） were significantly associated with EGFR gene mutation incidence. Multivariate analysis showed the abnormal CEA level in serum was independently associated with the incidence of EGFR gene mutation （P=0.046） with an odds ratio of 2.613 （95% Ch 1.018-6.710）. However, receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve analysis revealed CEA was not an ideal predictive marker for EGFR gene mutation status in advanced lung adenocarcinoma （the area under the ROC curve was 0.608, P=0.069）. Conclusions EGFR gene mutation status is significantly associated with serum CEA status in advanced lung adenocarcinmoas. However, serum CEA is not an ideal predictor for EGFR mutation.     

胸水细胞蜡块在肺癌诊断和EGFR 基因 检测中的应用研究

目的 探讨胸水细胞蜡块结合免疫组织化学染色技术在肺癌诊断和EGFR 基因检测中的应用 价值。方法 胸水标本常规离心、涂片后,沉渣包埋制成细胞蜡块,结合免疫组织化学染色明确诊断,应 用ARMS-PCR 法检测175 例肺腺癌EGFR 基因突变情况,并与同期活检或手术的305 例肺腺癌组织块的 EGFR 基因突变进行对比。结果 细胞蜡块结合免疫组织化学染色的癌细胞检出率高于常规涂片者（P <0.05）, 且不确定构成比低于后者（P <0.05）。用细胞蜡块与组织块检测EGFR 基因突变的阳性率及男女构成比比较, 差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论 胸水细胞蜡块可作为实体瘤组织的良好替代样品,有助于明确肿瘤类型、 来源,并可用于肺癌的EGFR 基因突变检测,有效指导其分子靶向治疗。     

Impact of smoking status and pathologic type on epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer

Background  Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in lung carcinomas can make the disease more responsive to the treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of EGFR mutations in a large series of lung carcinomas.

Methods  We examined 1195 consecutive lung cancer patients for EGFR mutations in exons 18, 19, and 21 using direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products. A detailed smoking history was obtained. Patients were categorized as never smokers (<100 lifetime cigarettes), former smokers (quit >1 year ago), or current smokers (quit <1 year ago).

Results  There were EGFR mutations in 9 (4.5%) of 201 squamous carcinomas, in 1 (2%) of 50 large cell carcinomas, and in 1 (2.3%) of 44 small cell carcinomas that were investigated. Three hundred and twenty-seven mutations were found in the series of 858 adenocarcinomas (38.1%). Among 858 lung adenocarcinomas, we detected EGFR mutations in 250 (48.6%) of 514 never smokers, 39 (33.9%) of 115 former smokers, and 38 (16.6%) of 229 current smokers. Significantly fewer EGFR mutations were found in people who smoked for more than 15 pack-years (P=0.0002) or stopped smoking less than 15 years ago (P=0.033) compared with individuals who never smoked.

Conclusions  Adenocarcinoma is the most frequent EGFR mutation pathologic type in lung cancer. The likelihood of EGFR mutations in exons 18, 19 and 21 decreases as the number of pack-years increases. Mutations were less common in people who smoked for more than 15 pack-years or who stopped smoking cigarettes less than 15 years ago. These data can assist clinicians in assessing the likelihood of exons 18, 19, or 21 EGFR mutations in Chinese patients with lung cancer when mutational analysis is not feasible.

     

新疆原发性肺腺癌表皮生长因子受体基因突变与临床病理特征分析

目的：探讨新疆原发性肺腺癌中表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）基因突变情况及与临床病理特征的关系。方法：采用扩增阻滞突变系统(amplification refractory mutation system,ARMS)荧光PCR法对59 例（维吾尔族15例,汉族44例）新疆维吾尔族及汉族原发性肺腺癌手术切除标本进行EGFR基因第18-21号外显子的突变检测,同时分析其与患者临床病理特征的关系。结果：在新疆地区原发性肺腺癌手术切除标本患者中,EGFR基因突变率维吾尔族低于汉族,分别为20%（3/15）和54.5%（24/44）,差异具有统计意义（P<0.05）;其中EGFR外显子19缺失突变维吾尔族2例,汉族9例,外显子21L858R突变维吾尔族1例,汉族12例,外显子18G719X突变汉族2例,外显子21L861Q突变汉族1例。在病理组织学类型上,腺泡状为主型腺癌EGFR突变率为71%（22/31）,高于实性为主型EGFR突变率6.7%（1/15）和黏液腺癌EGFR突变率20%（1/5）。EGFR基因突变与维吾尔族或汉族肺腺癌患者的性别、年龄、部位、大体类型、淋巴结转移情况、吸烟指数及临床分期等差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：新疆原发性肺腺癌EGFR基因突变率在维吾尔族与汉族有不同,可能反映民族遗传差异性,值得进一步研究。EGFR基因突变常见于高 中分化腺癌,或以腺泡状为主型多见。     

Downregulating activated epidermal growth factor receptor has no effect on RBM5 expression

Background  We were interested in determining how the tumor suppressor gene RBM5 is regulated in lung cancers. Previous studies suggested that the gene expression is related to histological subtype and smoking exposure, since in small cell lung cancers the RBM5 gene is deleted whereas in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) RBM5 expression is reduced. Of particular interest was the recent finding that in lung adenocarcinomas, a histological subtype of NSCLC, smoking exposure correlated with mutational activity in the transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-a) signaling pathway. Lung adenocarcinomas from smokers were associated with activating KRAS mutations, whereas lung adenocarcinomas from never-smokers were associated with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. We hypothesized that inhibition of RBM5 in lung adenocarcinomas is achieved indirectly via these activating mutations. The objective of the research described herein was to determine if EGFR activation and RBM5 expression are negatively correlated.

Methods  EGFR expression in the lung adenocarcinoma cell line NCI-H1975 was inhibited using small interfering RNA. RBM5 expression was examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.

Results  Reduced EGFR expression did not correlate with any change in RBM5 expression at either the RNA or protein level.

Conclusion  These results suggest that RBM5 expression is not directly regulated by EGFR in non-smoker related lung adenocarinomas, and that some other mechanism operates to inhibit either the expression or function of this potential tumour suppressor in lung cancers that retain the RBM5 gene.

     

P53 GENE MUTATIONS IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER DETECTED BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION SINGLE-STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS

Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gone are the most frequent genetic akerations detected in human lung cancer. To assess the pathogenic significance of p53 gone alterations in Chlnege non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 74 paired samples of primary lung cancer and normal lung tissue far away from the cancer were analyzed for mutations of the p53 gene(exons 5-8) using exon-specific PCR, single-gtrand conformation polymorphimax (PCR-SSCP). p53 mutations were observed in 55.4% (41/74) of the samples.No linkaiges were detected between the incidence of p53 mutations and histological type, lymph node metastasis, age or sex. Significant association between p53 mutations and degree of differentiation in edenotmremmnas, not in squamous cell carcinomas, was observed, The frequency of p53 mutations in(65. 3%) was higher than in nonsmokers (33. 3%) and reached stafisrical significance. We also found p53 mutations in 6/7 samples which had tissue invasion and distant metastasis. These results suggest that smcking could be an important factor in lung carcinogenesis, p53 mutation is a worse prognosis indicator in ade and nocarcinomas and related to high aggressive behavior of human lung cancer.     

肺腺癌组织中EGFR-19和21外显子突变状况分析

目的:探讨原发性肺腺癌中表皮生长因子受体(Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor,EGFR)突变情况,以及与临床特点之间的关系。方法:收集2009年6月至2010年8月符合入组条件的87例石蜡包埋组织,提取DNA后,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术扩增并进行EGFR-19和21外显子突变检测。结果:87例肺腺癌组织,共检测到32例标本有EGFR基因突变,突变率为36.8%;亚组分析发现EGFR突变与性别相关,男性和女性的突变率分别是24.4%和47.8%(P=0.036);与年龄,吸烟史和临床分期无关。19外显子突变女性多于男性,突变率分别是32.6%和12.2%(P=0.024);21外显子突变无性别差异,女性和男性突变率分别是15.2%和14.6%(P=0.939)。结论:EGFR突变与肺腺癌患者的临床特征相关,女性突变率高于男性,尤以19外显子突变显著。