高频彩超早期诊断膝关节内侧副韧带损伤

目的 评价高频彩色多普勒超声在膝关节内侧副韧带(MCL)损伤早期诊断中的应用价值.方法 纳入我院2008年3月至2010年9月采用高频彩超和MRI检查诊断膝关节MCL损伤患者60例,男39例,女21例,平均年龄37岁(16～55岁).所有患者均接受高频彩超检查,对Ⅰ°、Ⅱ°MCL损伤患者行石膏或支具固定,对Ⅲ°损伤患者行手术探查,并在麻醉状态作侧方应力试验,然后探查MCL,修复发现的MCL损伤.比较分析高频彩超、MRI和手术探查的诊断结果.结果 60例患者中经高频彩超诊断Ⅰ°或Ⅱ°MCL损伤39例,Ⅲ°损伤21例;MRI检查43例,其中诊断为Ⅱ°损伤25例,Ⅲ°损伤18例.高频彩超诊断为Ⅲ°MCL损伤的21例患者均经手术探查,发现MCL完全损伤20例,不完全损伤1例.高频彩超诊断、MRI诊断与手术探查所见的符合率分别为95.2％(20/21)和90.5％(19/21),两者卡方检验差异无统计学意义(P=0.905).结论 高频彩超可作为早期无创性诊断膝关节急性MCL损伤的良好选择.     

膝关节内侧副韧带急性损伤诊治方法的探讨

目的探讨膝关节内侧副韧带急性损伤的诊治方法. 方法 1998年8月～2003年8月,对收治的87例膝关节内侧副韧带急性损伤均进行膝关节功能及MRI检查.其中35例Ⅰ、Ⅱ度损伤者行保守治疗;52例Ⅲ度损伤者行关节镜探查术,修复内侧副韧带,其中有21例应用前半部的股薄肌肌腱加强. 结果 32例Ⅰ、Ⅱ度损伤患者获6～24个月随访,平均13个月,按Lysholm评分标准,优良率达93.7%;50例Ⅲ度损伤患者术后获随访7～72个月,平均16个月,优良率达90%. 结论 MRI是确诊内侧副韧带Ⅰ、Ⅱ度损伤的重要手段,膝伸直位外翻应力时的直向不稳定是确诊Ⅲ度损伤的主要方法.Ⅰ、Ⅱ度损伤以保守治疗效果好,Ⅲ度损伤宜选择手术治疗.     

膝关节内侧副韧带损伤的治疗

自2001年以来,采用手术和石膏固定的方法治疗膝关节内侧副韧带损伤37例,收到了良好的效果。现报告如下。     

膝关节内侧副韧带损伤的诊疗现状

内侧副韧带损伤在膝关节韧带损伤中最为常见。大多数患者经过保守治疗可以达到满意的效果。严重的损伤将导致慢性膝关节不稳,加速关节退变。因此,对其损伤严重程度的判断、手术干预时机的选择及干预细节的认识有必要进一步总结与提高。本文总结了膝关节内侧副韧带的诊疗现状,旨在为膝关节内侧副韧带损伤的诊治提供帮助。     

膝关节内侧副韧带损伤诊治新方法探讨

膝关节内侧副韧带损伤常发生于车祸、体育运动，是膝关节内侧主要的稳定结构，直接暴力作用于膝关节的外侧，以及膝关节外翻滑倒亦造成膝关节内侧结构的损伤，严重者可以合并交叉韧带损伤或半月板损伤。治疗方法不当，可导致膝关节不稳及继发创伤性关节炎。对膝关节内侧副韧带的断裂损伤应进行手术治疗，现已取得共识，但手术方法报道较多，且都必须进行石膏固定，     

膝关节内侧副韧带损伤治疗体会

膝关节内侧副韧带损伤是膝在微屈位由来自膝外侧或后外侧暴力所引起,可造成不同程度的损伤。近年来发病率增高。我院自１９８５年～１９９７年收治内侧副韧带损伤６２例,疗效满意,报告如下。临床资料一、一般资料本组６２例中,男４８例,女１４例,年龄１５～５０岁,...     

急性膝关节后内侧角损伤

[目的]探讨急性膝关节后内侧角损伤的诊断与治疗。[方法]自2000年12月～2004年1月收治急性膝关节损伤12例(12膝),病人均表现为伸膝位和屈膝30°位外翻应力试验阳性和伤膝旋转不稳定,于伤后2～12d接受了关节镜检查及内侧开放探查,12膝均有后内侧角损伤和内侧副韧带损伤,4膝伴前、后交叉韧带断裂;2膝伴前交叉韧带断裂;4膝伴后交叉韧带断裂。12膝均一期手术修复后内侧角和内侧副韧带。8周后,12例病人中8人接受二期关节镜下手术,前交叉韧带重建3例,前后交叉韧带联合重建3例,后交叉韧带重建2例。[结果]一期手术后8周评估表明12膝均恢复内后侧稳定性,伸膝位和屈膝30°位外翻应力试验均为阴性。12例病人随访10～20个月,平均12.0±3.2个月,Lysholm膝关节功能评分87.08±6.28。IKDC综合评定正常(A级)4例,接近正常(B级)7例,异常(C级)1例。[结论]急性膝关节后内侧角损伤见于较高能量损伤,多为复合损伤,表现为伸膝位和屈膝30°位外翻应力试验阳性和伤膝旋转不稳定。应一期手术修复后内侧角和内侧副韧带,二期酌情重建交叉韧带。     

单侧夹板治疗膝关节内侧副韧带部分断裂

膝关节内侧副韧带损伤占膝关节韧带损伤的首位，我们从1990年～1995年采用单侧夹板加弹性绷带缠绕外固定治疗膝关节内侧副韧带部分断裂31例，效果满意，介绍如下。临床资料本组31例中，男18例，女13例；年龄I6～55岁；所有病例均于伤后1周内得到治疗。治疗方法1．用材置备：（）夹板1块，由杉木皮制成。长：相当于患者下肢大腿中点至小腿中点的长度。宽：上端7～scm，下端5～6cm。内村棉纸。（）棉垫2块．由棉花制成，规格7Cmx7cmXZcm。（）弹性绷带2卷，规格7·soulX2·25cm。（4）硬纸壳1块一由胶布街制成，长15cm，宽为胶布筒的1半。2…     

重度膝内侧副韧带断裂的手术治疗

目的探讨重度膝内侧副韧带断裂的手术治疗。方法对12例内侧副韧带严重断裂采取手术治疗,损伤程度均是Ⅲ度,即内侧副韧带的浅、深层完全断裂,部分患者伴有内侧关节囊韧带或前、后交叉韧带断裂。手术方法按解剖对合内侧副韧带采用直接缝合法或U形钉内固定。术后随访6～24月。结果12例患者按Lysholm膝关节评分法评分,比较术前(平均为35分)、术后(平均为78分)得分,P<0.05。结论重度膝关节内侧副韧带断裂的早期手术疗效佳。     

膝关节置换术中内侧副韧带损伤处理的研究进展

全膝关节置换术中发生内侧副韧带(MCL)损伤比较罕见,但该并发症确是与全膝关节置换(TKA)相关的最严重的并发症之一,且常常被医生忽视。内侧副韧带(MCL)的完整性对于正常的膝关节功能和全膝关节置换术(TKA)术后维持外翻应力的稳定性和软组织平衡至关重要。如果术中没有发现MCL损伤或内侧副韧带受损未进行特殊处理可能会导致聚乙烯衬垫磨损加速和影响假体最终生存率。这表明术中及时识别和采用合适的治疗方法至关重要。本文回顾了TKA术中MCL损伤的特点,高危因素,损伤原因,鉴别方法以及治疗方法等。     

Posttraumatic incarceration of medial collateral ligament into knee joint with anterior cruciate ligament injury

Medial collateral ligament of the knee is an important coronal stabiliser and often injured in isolation or as combination of injuries. The article reports a case of incarcerated medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury in combination with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in 20 year old male who presented to us 4 weeks after injury. Clinical examination and MRI was correlated to complete ACL tear with torn distal MCL and incarceration into the joint. Patient was taken up for ACL hamstring graft reconstruction with mini-arthrotomy and repair of the torn MCL. Patient was followed up with dedicated rehabilitation protocol with good functional results. At one year follow-up, patient exhibited full range of motion with negative Lachman, Pivot shift and valgus stress tests. This article highlights the rare pattern of MCL tear and also reviews the literature on this pattern of injury.     

Evaluation of the muscles around the knee in rabbits whose anterior cruciate and/or medial collateral ligaments were dissected

Introduction The biological response of the muscles around the knee in chronic ligamentous instability was investigated in an animal study.Materials and methods There were four groups of 6- to 9-month-old adult New Zealand albino rabbits (2500–3300 g). The animals were divided into groups according to the ligament that was surgically sectioned: group A anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), group B medial collateral ligament (MCL), group C both ACL and MCL, and group D served as the control group undergoing no surgical intervention. Three months after surgery, biopsy specimens of the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, extensor digitorum longus, and gastrocnemius muscles of the rabbits were obtained. Electron-microscopic cross-sections of the biopsy specimens were evaluated using the new predetermined atrophy parameters.Results Atrophy was found in the biopsy specimens of the quadriceps muscles in groups A and C (p<0.005). Unimportant changes were seen in the hamstrings, extensor digitorum longus, and gastrocnemius muscles (p>0.05). Only in the group undergoing MCL dissection were no changes observed in the muscles (p>0.05).Conclusion It is concluded that ACL lesions affect the biomechanics of the knee negatively and this situation causes atrophy, especially in the quadriceps muscle. An MCL lesion alone does not cause an important problem in the surrounding musculature, probably because of its spontaneous healing capacity. New criteria for assessment of atrophy in the muscles employing electron-microscopic evaluation are suggested.     

Fastin锚钉植入修复膝内侧副韧带损伤的临床观察

随着户外活动的增加以及快速交通的发展,运动损伤和车祸伤所致的各类膝关节韧带断裂发病率逐年增高,其中膝关节内侧副韧带损伤占膝关节韧带损伤的比例很大。我科对膝内侧副韧带附着点部位韧带撕裂伤进行Fastin锚钉植入修复,创伤小,手术时间短,效果满意,现报告如下。     

膝关节韧带成纤维细胞的培养及其生物学特性分析

目的为韧带细胞的病理、生理及组织工程学等研究提供方法及体外模型。方法采用胶原酶分离新西兰白兔的膝关节前十字韧带(anteriorcruciateligament,ACL)、内侧副韧带(medialcol-lateralligament,MCL)及人膝关节ACL和后十字韧带(posteriorcruciateligament,PCL)细胞,选择合适的条件进行体外培养,分析细胞的生物学特性。结果在含体积分数为10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养液中细胞生长良好、增殖快,但RPMI1640及F12培养液不适宜这些细胞的生长。在体外培养条件下兔ACL和MCL细胞形态相似,但MCL较ACL生长快,两种细胞合成胶原的总量相同。相对MCL细胞,ACL合成的Ⅰ型胶原较多而Ⅲ型胶原较少。人ACL和PCL细胞形态及生长特性基本相似,免疫细胞学方法检测表明两种细胞均有Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原及纤维连接蛋白表达。结论体外培养的人ACL和PCL细胞生物学特性相似。兔ACL和MCL细胞形态相似,但生物学特性存在差异。本实验为韧带成纤维细胞的培养及相关研究提供了简单、有效的方法。     

软组织平衡定量评定系统的研制及其应用的实验研究

目的针对临床上膝关节置换手术中软组织平衡测量的需要,开发一种新的软组织平衡测量方法和系统,并运用于膝关节胫侧副韧带平衡的测量分析。方法通过在平行面板表面装有6个精密的微型压力传感器获得一种膝关节软组织的平衡定量评定系统(专利申请号200510033073.1),用于定量测量胫侧副韧带后束或前后束松解后的软组织张力,松解范围为关节线水平以下1.5cm处。结果本测量系统能以二维或三维图像的方式动态显示张力的大小,精度可达到小于10g/bit,可较好地完成膝关节间距调节和软组织张力大小的测量。应用测量系统检测显示,内侧副韧带的不同松解方式可造成不同状态的韧带张力下降。内侧副韧带后束松解1.5cm时,韧带张力在屈膝90°位时平均下降6.32%,在伸膝位时下降33.61%。内侧副韧带前、后束同时松解1.5cm时,韧带张力在屈膝90°位和伸膝位时分别下降44.96%和41.30%。结论软组织平衡测量系统能定量反映软组织松解的张力变化和平衡状态,有助于导引全膝关节置换术中的软组织松解操作,提高手术质量。实验研究提示,伸膝位内侧副韧带张力主要由内侧副韧带后束形成,内侧副韧带前束主要提供屈膝位的内侧副韧带张力。     

Anchor 钉在膝关节内侧副韧带下止点部断裂治疗中的应用

膝关节内侧副韧带（medial collateral ligament，MCL）损伤分为浅层和深层损伤，程度分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ度，Ⅲ度损伤常合并内侧半月板损伤。断裂的部位可在上起点、下止点或韧带中段，对Ⅰ、Ⅱ度损伤可保守治疗，Ⅲ度损伤一经诊断应手术治疗。2004年2月至2006年6月，对15例Ⅲ度膝关节内侧副韧带胫骨附着点撕脱损伤，采用Anchor钉固定修复并获得满意的效果，现报告如下。     

Bilogic characteristics of fibroblast cells cultured from the knee ligaments

OBJECTIVE: To culture fibroblast cells from the knee ligaments and to study the biological characteristics of these cells. METHODS: Cells of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the medial collateral ligament (MCL) from New Zealand white rabbit were cultured in vitro. Cellular growth and expression of the collagen were analyzed. Moreover, an in vitro wound closure model was established and the healing of the ACL and the MCL cells was compared. RESULTS: Maximal growth for all these cells were obtained with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, but RPMI 1640 and Ham's F12 media were not suitable to maintain these cells. Morphology of both ACL and MCL cells from New Zealand white rabbit was alike in vitro, but the MCL cells grew faster than the ACL cells. Both cell types produced similar amount of collagen in culture, but the ratio of collage type I to type III produced by ACL cells was higher than that produced by MCL cells. Wound closure assay showed that at 36 hours after injury, cell-free zones created in the ACL cultures were occupied partially by the ACL cells; in contrast, the wounded zone in the MCL cultures was almost completely covered by the cells. CONCLUSIONS: Although the ACL cells and the MCL cells from New Zealand white rabbit show similar appearance in morphology in culture, the cellular growth and the biochemical synthesis of collagen as well as the healing in vitro were significantly different. These differences in intrinsic properties of the two types of cells in vitro might contribute to the differential healing potentials of these ligaments in vivo.