组织多普勒超声测量二尖瓣环运动速度评价左室舒张功能

目的：用组织多普勒技术测定二尖瓣环舒张期运动速度评价左室舒张功能,方法;对８０全空和进行门控血池造影后３小时的３０例心肌梗患者的舒张期二法瓣环运动速度进行测量,分别在心尖四腔切面和二腔切面上测量二法瓣环间隔处,侧壁处、前壁处及后壁处的各位点舒张早期运动速度峰值Ｅｍ、舒张晚期运动速度峰值Ａｍ及二者的比值Ｅｍ／Ａｍ,并计算各点处的平均值。结果：１．心梗患者各位点的Ｅｍ测值及Ｅｍ／Ａｍ比值较正常对照组明     

多普勒组织成像技术评价肥厚型心肌病患者心室运动的协调性

目的应用多普勒组织成像技术（doppler tissue imaging,DTI）评价肥厚型心肌病（hypertrophic cardiomy-opathy,HCM）患者心室运动的协调性。方法对38例HCM患者和38例对照组进行常规超声心动图检查,分别测量左室内径、左室壁厚度、左室射血分数（LVEF）、二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度峰值（E）、二尖瓣舒张晚期血流速度峰值（A）、二尖瓣峰值速度比值（E/A）、等容舒张期（IVRT）、心室间机械运动延迟（IVMD）,转换DTI速度模式,分别测量二尖瓣环室间隔、侧壁、下壁及三尖瓣环右室侧壁的心肌收缩期峰值速度（Sm）、舒张早期峰值速度（Em）、舒张晚期峰值速度（Am）、Em/Am、Q-Sm（Q波起始到Sm起始的时间间期）,计算心室内收缩延迟时间（intra-V-Del）和心室间收缩延迟时间（inter-V-Del）。结果HCM组的IVSTI、VST/PWTI、VRTI、VMD、LVDd、A、E、E/A与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。HCM组室间隔、侧壁、下壁、右室侧壁节段Sm、Q-smi、ntra-V-Del、inter-V-Del、Em、Em/Am与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论HCM患者存在心室收缩功能下降和心室收缩运动协调障碍,DTI对HCM患者治疗效果和预测预后具有重要的临床指导意义。     

组织多普勒显像技术评价初发心肌梗死患者左室功能

目的探讨组织多普勒显像（DTI）技术在评价初发心肌梗死患者左室功能中的应用价值。方法常规超声心动图检查显示左室收缩及舒张功能正常的初发心肌梗死患者18例及与其年龄匹配的健康对照者15例入选本研究。应用DTI技术二尖瓣环平均运动速度指标评价两组对象的左室功能。同时计算二尖瓣血流舒张早期峰值速度与二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度的比值（E／Em）,以评估左室平均充盈压。结果心肌梗死患者组二尖瓣环收缩期峰值速度（Sm）、舒张早期速度（Em）及晚期峰值速度（Am）均明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;心肌梗死组E／Em比值明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。结论DTI技术可以较常规超声心动图更加敏感地检测出初发心肌梗死患者的左室功能异常。     

定量组织速度成像技术评价心肌梗死患者局部心肌的收缩后收缩

目的 探讨定量组织成像技术(QTVI)评价3支血管病变的心肌梗死患者左心室局部心肌各时期纵向运动特点和在等容舒张期出现的收缩后收缩现象及临床意义。方法 应用定量组织速度成像技术评价30例心肌梗死患者(MI组)和30例无任何心脏疾患者(对照组)的左心室局部心肌，获得纵向上不同壁的基底段和中间段同步多普勒速度、时间速度积分曲线，测量其等容收缩期(IVC)、射血期(S)、等容舒张期(IVR)、快速充盈期(E)、心房收缩期(A)的峰值速度(VIC、VS、VIR、Vg、VA)和最大时间速度积分(TVImax)。结果 MI组纵向上心肌各节段运动峰值速度均较对照组下降，梗死节段更明显。等容舒张期多个节段出现的异常正向波提示收缩后收缩。此外，梗死组多个节段时间速度积分出现收缩期末和等容舒张期两个波峰，TVImax较对照组明显下降。结论 3支病变血管的心肌梗死患者收缩和舒张功能明显减低；等容舒张期的异常活动提示收缩后收缩，存在局部心肌的室壁运动异常；等容舒张期的VIR是局部心肌室壁运动异常和心肌缺血的标志。     

组织速度成像技术评价肥厚型心肌病右室舒张功能的临床研究

目的应用组织速度成像技术（TVI）评价肥厚型心肌病（HCM）患者右室舒张功能。方法对HCM患者及对照组分别测量舒张期三尖瓣口的血流峰值速度E峰、A峰,并计算E／A;应用脉冲组织多普勒测量三尖瓣隔叶及前叶瓣环处舒张早期峰值速度（Em）、舒张晚期峰值速度（Am）及Em／Am．并对两种检测方法和各组测值进行比较。结果HCM组较对照组三尖瓣E峰减低,A峰增高,E／A〈1,三尖瓣环Em减低,Am增高,Em／Am〈1;HCM组与对照组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论组织速度成像技术能够反映HCM患者右室舒张功能的变化。     

Heart deformation analysis: the distribution of regional myocardial motion patterns at left ventricle

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that heart deformation analysis (HDA) is able to discriminate regional myocardial motion patterns on the left ventricle (LV). Totally 21 healthy volunteers (15 men and 6 women) without documented cardiovascular diseases were recruited. Cine MRI was performed on those subjects at four-chamber, two-chamber, and short-axis views. The variations of segmental myocardial motion indices of the LV, which were measured with the HDA tool, were investigated. Regional displacement, velocity, strain and strain rate were compared between lateral wall and septal wall using t tests. There are significant variations (CoV?=?18.0–72.4%) of myocardial motion indices (average over 21 subjects) among 16 myocardial segments. There are significant differences (p?<?0.05) between displacement, velocity, strain and strain rate measured at lateral and septal areas of the LV. In conclusion, HDA is able to present different regional LV motion patterns from multiple aspects in healthy volunteers.     

心力衰竭患者的组织速度图特征

目的 应用组织多普勒成像技术对心力衰竭患者进行组织速度图研究，测定收缩、舒张功能的相关参数，探讨其组织速度图特征。方法 选择18例心力衰竭患者及30例健康志愿者，在静息状态下获取标准心尖二腔、四腔观和长轴观的二维彩色组织多普勒图像，脱机测量左、右心室各室壁基底段、中段心肌收缩、舒张速度、加速度及相应时间间期。结果 与对照组比较，心力衰竭患者的等容收缩时间、等容舒张时间、心房收缩时间显著延长，射血时间、快速充盈时间缩短，收缩波、舒张早期波的峰值速度下降，收缩、舒张期的加速度下降，以上特点尤其在室壁基底段明显。结论 与对照组比较，心力衰竭患者的组织速度图存在特征性改变，即收缩、舒张期的峰值速度、加速度降低，等容收缩和等容舒张时间延长。     

应用多普勒组织成像评价肥厚型心肌病左心室局部心功能

目的　应用多普勒组织成像技术评价肥厚型心肌病患者室间隔及左室后壁局部心功能。 方法　对健康志愿者(50例)与肥厚型心肌病患者(76例)在室间隔及左室后壁中段测量室壁收缩期峰值 速度、舒张早期峰值速度、舒张晚期峰值速度,比较两组舒张、收缩速度差异有无显著性意义。结果　肥厚 型心肌病组左室长轴室间隔及后壁收缩期峰值速度及舒张早期与晚期峰值速度比值均较正常组减低 (P<0.05),左室短轴仅舒张早期与晚期峰值速度比值较正常组减低(P<0.05),而收缩期峰值速度与正 常组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论　肥厚型心肌病患者肥厚室间隔及无肥厚左室后壁螺旋肌收缩 功能及舒张功能均减低,括约肌舒张功能减低。     

组织多普勒衍生新技术评价肥厚型心肌病心房局部功能的研究

目的探讨组织多普勒衍生新技术即组织速度成像及应变率成像评价肥厚型心肌病(HCM)患者心房局部功能的价值。方法 HCM组和健康对照组各30例,测量两组左房前后径,室间隔及左室后壁厚度,左、右室流出道压差,二、三尖瓣口E、A峰(Em、Am及Et、At),计算左房主动排空分数(LAAEF)及左房被动排空分数(LAPEF)。取心尖四腔切面测量左房侧壁(LA)、右房侧壁(RA)、房间隔(IAS)近瓣环部(bas)和中部(mid)的峰值组织速度(Vs、Ve、Va)和峰值应变率(SRs、SRe、SRa)。结果 HCM组左房前后径、室间隔及左室后壁厚度、左室流出道压差及LAAEF明显大于对照组(P<0.05),E/Am、E/At及LAPEF则显著减低(P<0.01)。HCM组LAbas、LAmid及IASbas、IASmid的Ve减低;LAbas、LAmid、IASbas、IASmid和RAmid的SRe减低、SRa增高;LAmid及IASbas、IASmid的SRs减低,与对照组相应各节段测值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HCM组左房各节段SRa平均值(mSRa)与LAAEF呈显著正相关(r=0.810,P<0.01)。结论 HCM患者的左、右心房局部功能均有不同程度受损,组织速度成像及应变率成像可准确评价心房功能尤其是左心房的局部功能变化情况。     

Different involvement of right ventricular myocardial function in either physiologic or pathologic left ventricular hypertrophy: a Doppler tissue study.

The aim of the study was to analyze right ventricular (RV) myocardial function in patients with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy secondary to either hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) or athletic endurance training. Doppler echocardiography and pulsed Doppler tissue imaging of the posterior septal wall, and mitral and tricuspid annulus were performed in 32 top-level endurance athletes (AT) and in 27 patients with HC, all men. LV mass index was comparable between the 2 groups. All transmitral Doppler indexes were higher in AT, whereas only tricuspid inflow peak E and E/A ratio were slightly decreased in the HC group. In the HC group, Doppler tissue analysis showed lower myocardial systolic and early-diastolic (Em) peak velocities, and longer time intervals at the level of all the analyzed segments, even after correction for age, heart rate, and LV mass index. Distinct multiple linear regression models revealed an independent positive association between RV peak Em velocity and LV end-diastolic diameter (beta coefficient = 0.72, P <.0001) in AT, and an independent inverse correlation of the same peak Em velocity of tricuspid annulus with septal thickness (beta = - 0.65, P <.001) in the HC group. Of interest, a RV Em peak velocity < 0.16 m/s differentiated AT and HC groups better than tricuspid Doppler (89% sensitivity and 93% specificity). In conclusion, Em RV myocardial function is positively influenced by preload increase in AT and negatively associated to increased septal thickness in patients with HC. Therefore, Doppler tissue imaging may represent a useful tool in the differential diagnosis between athlete's heart and HC, underlining the different involvement of RV myocardial function in either physiologic or pathologic LV hypertrophy.     

The efficacy of tissue Doppler imaging in predicting myocardial iron load in patients with beta-thalassemia major: correlation with T2* cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) can detect myocardial dysfunction related to iron load in patients with beta-thalassemia major (TM). We aimed to assess the efficacy of pulsed-wave TDI (PW-TDI) in predicting myocardial iron load in patients with TM using T2* magnetic resonance (MR) as the gold-standard non-invasive diagnostic test. 33 asymptomatic TM patients, mean aged 18 ± 6 years (6–31) with normal left ventricular (LV) global systolic function were evaluated by conventional echocardiography and PW-TDI. Results were compared with 20 age and sex-matched controls. TDI measures included myocardial systolic (Sm), early (Em) and late (Am) diastolic velocities at basal and middle segments of septal and lateral LV wall. Myocardial iron deposition were measured in 29/33 patients by T2* MR. TM patients were also subgrouped according to those with iron load (T2* ≤ 20 ms) and those without (T2* > 20 ms). Mean T2* was 12.3 ± 7.8 ms (4–31.3). Abnormal myocardial iron load (T2* < 20 ms) was found in 25/29 (86%) patients. The following TDI measures were lower in patients than in controls: basal septal Em (P < 0.001) and Am (P < 0.05), mid-septal Am (P < 0.05), mid-lateral LV wall Sm (P < 0.05) and Am (P < 0.05). Regional myocardial dysfunction were more prominent in patients with T2* ≤ 20 ms. Mid-septal Sm and Em significantly correlated with mid-septal T2*(r = 0.44, P = 0.023 and r = 0.54, P = 0.004, respectively). The PW-TDI parameters and the cut-off values for predicting presence of myocardial iron load were determined. PW-TDI technique was found both sensitive and specific in predicting presence of myocardial iron load in TM patients with normal LV global systolic function. Therefore, it can be used for screening of TM patients.     

Effect of L-thyroxine treatment on left ventricular function in subclinical hypothyroidism.

Aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thyroxine treatment on myocardial regional left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Forty-two patients (29 women and 13 men; mean age 52.2+/-15.1 years) with SH, as judged by elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (>3.6 mIU/l; range, 3.8-12.0) and free thyroid hormones (FT4 and FT3) within the normal range, and 30 euthyroid volunteers (21 women and nine men; mean age 50.4+/-17.1 years) underwent standard echocardiography and TDI-derived early (Em) and late (Am) diastolic velocities, systolic (Sm) velocity, and isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRTm). Patients were randomly assigned to receive or not L-thyroxine replacement therapy. All patients returned after 6 months to repeat thyroid function tests and the evaluation of all parameters. No significant differences were seen in the Sm peak between SH and control groups. Respect to controls, SH patients exhibited a lower Em, a higher Am, and, subsequently, a reduced Em/Am ratio of both lateral wall (LW) and interventricular septum (IVS) (P<0.001 for both). The IVRTm was distinctly longer in SH patients, as compared to controls (P<0.001). At 6 months, L-thyroxine-treated patients showed a significant increase of Em (P<0.01) and a subsequent increase of the Em/Am ratio (P<0.01), whereas IVRTm significantly reduced (P<0.05). No significant change in any of these parameters was observed in the untreated group. Our data suggest that SH is associated with a subtle, reversible impairment of myocardial function. TDI analysis detects and extends these functional defects by displaying alterations in regional myocardial function. L-T4 replacement therapy should be advised for these patients with the aim to correct preclinical cardiac dysfunction and prevent the development of clinically significant myocardial dysfunction.     

Diastolic response during dobutamine stress echocardiography evaluated by a tissue velocity imaging technique is a sensitive indicator for diagnosing coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND: Tissue velocity imaging (TVI) is a new method that measures regional myocardial velocities on the basis of color Doppler myocardial imaging principles. METHODS: To diagnose coronary artery disease (CAD) objectively by evaluating left ventricular diastolic responses during dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) with TVI, we performed DSE in 22 healthy participants and 28 patients with angina pectoris without wall-motion abnormality at rest. Before and during DSE, we measured the differences of time intervals from the R wave on electrocardiogram to the peak of early diastolic myocardial velocity in the same cardiac cycle between basal segments and midsegments in the septal (dT-S) and inferior (dT-I) walls by TVI. RESULTS: During DSE, dT-S in patients with left anterior descending CAD and dT-I in patients with right CAD were prolonged compared with that in healthy participants (both P <.01). The localization of the segments with a dT-S or dT-I during low-dose (10 microg/kg/min) dobutamine infusion of >32 milliseconds allowed the correct identification of the stenosed vessel in 87% of 23 patients for whom DSE was performed with the TVI technique before coronary angiography. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of regional left ventricular diastolic responses to dobutamine stress using TVI was useful for the objective diagnosis of CAD.     

组织多普勒成像评价房缺封堵术前后右心功能

目的应用组织多普勒成像(TDI)评价房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术前后右心室心肌长轴功能变化。方法选择18例行Amplatzer封堵术的房间隔缺损患者,应用组织多普勒成像技术记录并测量右室侧壁基底段和中间段射血期、舒张早期和舒张晚期心肌运动的峰值速度(Sm,Em,Am)、收缩期位移(DS)、射血期平均加速度(Acc)等;在二维模式下测量左、右心室舒张末期横径(LV、RV)和左、右心房收缩末期横径(LA、RA)、并计算RV/LV比值和RA/LA比值。结果与术前比较,RA、RV、RA/LA、RV/LV在术后显著减小(P0.01):术后右室侧壁基底段Sm、Acc和DS比术前减低,并具有显著性差异(P0.01)。结论右室侧壁基底段Sm、Acc和DS测值可作为评价右室收缩功能改善的有效指标。     

定量组织速度成像评价慢性心力衰竭患者左室壁收缩的非同步性

目的　探讨定量组织速度成像 (QTVI)评价慢性充血性心力衰竭 (慢性心衰 )患者左室壁收缩的非同步性。方法　应用 QTVI分析 16例慢性心衰患者和 2 0例正常人的左室壁运动速度曲线 ,并对其中 4例右室双灶起搏和 1例双心室起搏患者起搏前、后进行对比分析。结果　慢性心衰患者的室间隔和左室侧壁基底段的收缩期速度峰均明显减低 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,两节段的收缩期速度峰延迟明显 (P<0 .0 0 1)。5例患者起搏后室间隔和左室侧壁基底部收缩期速度峰均较起搏前稍增大 ,两节段的收缩期速度峰延迟较起搏前明显缩短。结论　 QTVI能够评价左室壁收缩的非同步性 ,并能够评估起搏治疗再同步化的效果。     

前负荷对组织多普勒成像技术评价左心室舒张功能的影响

目的探讨应用组织多普勒成像(TDI)技术评价心室舒张功能时是否受前负荷改变的影响。方法对30例血液透析的慢性肾功能不全患者,根据其透析前后体质量变化是否>2kg分为A组(<2kg)和B组(≥2kg),分别在透析前后用脉冲多普勒测量二尖瓣口及肺静脉血流频谱(E峰、A峰、S峰、D峰),并用TDI测量二尖瓣瓣环及各室壁中段的收缩期峰值速度(Sa和Sm)、舒张早期峰值速度(Ea和Em)及舒张晚期峰值速度(Aa和Am)。结果与透析前相比较,A组透析后Em减低(P<0.01),Em/Am降低(P<0.05),其余参数差异均无统计学意义;B组E峰、E/A、S峰及D峰降低(P<0.05),S/D值增加(P<0.05),Ea、Em、Ea/Aa及Em/Am均减低(P<0.01)。结论TDI在评价心室舒张功能时,与彩色多普勒血流显像一样受前负荷的影响,且与前负荷变化程度有关。     

定量组织速度成像评价二尖瓣置换术后左心功能的临床研究

目的 探讨定量组织速度成像(QTVI)评价二尖瓣置换术(MVR)后左室整体和局部功能的临床价值.方法 80例MVR术后患者作为病例组,根据心律分为窦性心律组40例和心房颤动(房颤)组40例.常规超声心动图检查后采集心尖四腔观、心尖两腔观、心尖左室长轴观的组织多普勒动态图像,启动QTVI模式,绘制左室各壁瓣环、心肌节段的时间-速度曲线.测量收缩期峰值速度(Sa、Sm)和快速舒张期峰值速度(Ea、Em)等.结果 ①与正常组比较,MVR组6个壁二尖瓣环和各心肌节段Sa、Sm和Ea、Em均明显减低(P<0.001);②二尖瓣环收缩期平均峰值速度(Sa')与左室射血分数(LVEF)呈正相关(P<0.001);③二尖瓣环快速舒张期平均峰值速度(Ea')与等容舒张期时间均值(IVRT')呈负相关(P<0.01).结论 QTVI能够评价MVR术后左室整体和局部的收缩与舒张功能,具有重要的临床价值.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of quantitative tissue velocity imaging (QTVI) in assessing left ventricular(LV) global and regional myocardial function in patients with mitral valve replacement(MVR).Methods Eighty patients having their implantations for more than six months were examined by echocardiography.QTVI-derived parameters such as peak systolic velocity(Sa,Sm) and early diastolic velocity(Ea,Em) of mitral annulus and LV wall were measured from the apical four-chamber,two-chamber and long axis corresponding myocardial segments in MVR groups decreased and LV ejection fraction but negative correlation between Ea' and isovolumic relaxation time(IVRT') in patients(P<0.01).Conclusions QTVI plays an important role in determining LV function of patients after MVR accurately.     

组织多普勒成像对急性心肌梗死远期预后的评价

目的 评价组织多普勒成像(TDI)技术在判断急性心肌梗死患者心力衰竭预后方面的价值.方法 对102例急性心肌梗死患者在住院1周左右时行心脏超声检查,测量二维超声结构、经二尖瓣舒张早期流速E峰、A峰、E波减速时间(DT),计算E/A;二尖瓣环侧壁和间隔壁的平均收缩期运动速度(Sm)、舒张早期运动速度(Em)、舒张晚期运动速度(Am),计算Em/Am、E/Em.随访1年后将因心力衰竭而再入院者定为心力衰竭组(19例),其余为无心力衰竭组(83例),比较两组超声指标并采用COX比例风险模型进行分析.结果 心力衰竭组Sm、Em低于无心力衰竭组(P＜0.05),E、E/Em大于无心力衰竭组(P分别＜0.05和0.01).COX比例风险模型分析表明E/Em是心力衰竭的独立预测因子.E/Em≥12对心力衰竭预后判断的敏感性为84.2%,特异性为77.1%.结论 E/Em有助于在急性心肌梗死患者中进行危险分层,增加对患者预后的判断.     

组织多普勒成像评价急性心肌梗死患者自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗后左室舒张功能

目的应用组织多普勒成像(TDI)技术评价心肌干细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死对左室舒张功能的影响。方法自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死患者共26例,随访3个月,治疗前、后用TDI技术分别测量左室二尖瓣环水平的收缩期峰值速度(Sm),舒张早期峰值速度(Em),舒张晚期峰值速度(Am)及Em/Am,并与血流多普勒指标E峰速度(E),A峰速度(A)、E/A及E峰减速时间(EDT)进行比较,评价自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死对左室舒张功能的影响。结果治疗后EDT较治疗前降低(P<0.05),治疗后Em及Em/Am较治疗前升高(P<0.05),治疗后E、A、E/A、Sm、Am较治疗前比较差异无统计学意义。结论自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死后,左室舒张功能明显改善,TDI技术在评价左室舒张功能方面较二尖瓣血流频谱更准确、敏感。     

组织多普勒显像评价二尖瓣置换术后左心室功能

目的 探讨应用组织多普勒显像(TDI)评价二尖瓣置换(MVR)术后左室功能的临床价值.方法 45例接受MVR术后3个月以上患者为病例组,根据心律分为心房颤动组和窦性心律组,并选取30例正常人为对照组.应用常规超声心动图测量左房室腔大小、机械瓣口流速、射血分数等指标;应用TDI测量心尖四腔观二尖瓣环间隔处和侧壁处运动收缩期峰值速度(Sm)、舒张期峰值速度(Em)、等容舒张时间(IVRT);计算E/Em.结果 ①与对照组相比,MVR组二尖瓣环Sm、Em均明显减低,IVRT延长(P＜0.001),但窦性心律组与心房颤动组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);②MVR组E/Em较对照组明显增高,二者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001),且E/Em与IVRT呈正相关;以E/Em＞15.0为最佳截断值,评价左室舒张功能变化的敏感性为91.11%,特异性为90.32%,ROC曲线下面积为0.9548±0.0402.结论 TDI能够准确评价MVR后左室功能,E/Em作为一种评价心肌舒张和左室充盈压的量化指标可以评价MVR术后患者左室舒张功能.