重型颅脑外伤术后脑梗死发生的预防性治疗分析

目的 探究预防重型颅脑损伤患者手术后脑梗死的治疗方法 .方法方便选取2011年1月—2017年4月进入该院采用去骨瓣减压术治疗的重型颅脑损伤患者共102例患者,对患者术后收缩压进行测量,根据收缩压(SBP)的差异分为3组,A组患者的收缩压小于15 mmHg,B组患者的收缩压在151~180 mmHg之间,C组患者收缩压大于180 mmHg,3组患者手术后均给予血管扩张治疗以及缩水治疗,比较3组患者的治疗效果.结果 A组与C组脑梗死的发生率分别为52.9%与50.0%显著的高于B组17.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组GCS评分与A、C两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 在治疗重型颅脑损伤患者时要控制患者的收缩压在150~180 mmHg之间,能够有效控制患者术后脑梗死的发生,对于提高患者治疗效果具有重要意义.     

急性缺血性脑卒中机械取栓患者围手术期血压水平对预后的影响

目的:探究急性缺血性脑卒中机械取栓患者围手术期血压水平对预后的影响。方法:选取2018年12月1日—2019年12月1日我院神经医学中心收治的90例机械取栓治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者作为研究对象,于术前、术中和术后24h监测收缩压和舒张压,根据平均收缩压水平分为A组[120～140mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)]、B组(141～160mmHg)和C组(161～180mmHg)。记录各组收缩压、舒张压以及平均动脉压的最大值和最小值。分析各组术后90d良好预后(mRS 0～2分)患者比例、术后24h症状性颅内出血比例以及术后90d患者死亡率。结果:B组收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉压最高值和最低值均高于A组,但低于C组(P<0.05)。B组术后90d良好预后比例和术后90d死亡率患者比例均优于A组和C组(P<0.05);A组和B组术后24h症状性颅内出血比例明显低于C组(P<0.05),但A组与B组差异不显著(P>0.05)。围手术期患者血压141～160/80～95mmHg水平,患者预后最佳。结论:急性缺血性脑卒中机械取栓患者围术期血压水平控制在141～160/80～95mmHg时,患者的预后较为理想,临床应加强对患者围术期的血压监测。     

血压水平变化对急性期脑梗死预后的影响

目的:观察急性期脑梗死患者血压水平变化,并分析其与患者预后的相关性.方法:选取2015年4月~2016年3月我院收治的120例急性期脑梗死患者为研究对象,监测患者入院时、入院24h时、入院后3天及入院后7天的血压水平,并对患者进行三个月随访,分析血压水平与患者预后的关系.结果:急性期脑梗死患者在入院24h内的收缩压介于140mmHg-159mmHg之间及舒张压介于90mmHg-99mmHg之间的预后较好,三个月随访不良事件发生率较低;血压正常组的急性期脑梗死患者在随访三个月的NIHSS评分(3.1±0.6)及BI评分(73.7±2.3)明显优于低血压组及高血压组;患者年龄、入院时血压及入院时NIHSS评分是影响急性期脑梗死患者预后的独立危险因素.结论:急性期脑梗死血压水平过高或过低均会对患者预后造成影响,而年龄越大,入院时血压越高,入院时病情较重的急性期脑梗死患者三个月发生死亡的风险也越大.     

重型颅脑外伤患者早期血压变异性与近期预后的关系分析

目的 探讨重型颅脑外伤患者早期血压变异性与近期预后的关系.方法 随机选取2013年1月—2016年1月两院收治的100例GCS评分为3~8分的重型颅脑外伤患者为研究对象,观察伤后72 h内患者血压参数和变异系数.随访6个月,依患者GOS评分将入选病例均为两组.实验组50例,患者GOS评分1~3分;对照组50例,患者GOS评分4~5分,分析影响严重颅脑外伤患者预后的血压变异性因素.结果 实验组72 h SBP-SD(9.3±2.2)mmHg,SBP-CV(0.05±0.01),对照组72 h SBP-SD(17.4±6.0)mmHg,SBP-CV(0.18±0.03),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论重型颅脑外伤患者伤后72 h内收缩压血压标准差和变异系数过高是影响近期预后的危险因素.     

脑卒中急性期动态血压变化、血压与预后关系研究

目的:探讨脑卒中急性期入院7d内(第1、3、7d)血压动态变化规律,血压与卒中7d预后的关系,为脑卒中急性期血压的控制及脑血流的管理提供科学依据。方法:选择ICU急性脑卒中患者41例,利用心电监护仪观测急性脑卒中动态血压变化及预后关系。结果:①脑卒中急性期血压升高,首次血压增高者约占87.1%,以收缩压升高为主,并且存在自发性下降趋势,在无特殊降压措施的情况下与第24h相比,第72h、第7d的收缩压及舒张压均有明显的下降。②出血性卒中组急性期的收缩压及舒张压显著高于缺血性卒中组。③缺血性卒中者入院时收缩压与7d预后呈U型,舒张压与7d预后呈L型,出血性卒中患者入院时收缩压与7d预后呈U型,舒张压与7d预后呈J型。结论:①脑卒中急性期多伴有血压明显升高,伴随着时间的变化有自发性下降的倾向及趋势,出血性卒中组血压要明显高于缺血性卒中组。②脑卒中急性期脑血流的自动调节功能受损。③脑出血可将血压控制在160/90¹00mmHg,而脑梗死将血压控制在(160100mmHg,而脑梗死将血压控制在(160¹80)/(90180)/(90¹00)mmHg水平为宜。     

重型颅脑损伤继发外伤后脑梗死患者PAF和P-选择素变化及意义

目的：探讨血小板活化因子（PAF）和P-选择素在重型颅脑损伤继发外伤后脑梗死病变中的变化和意义。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附法（EUSA）测定58例重型颅脑损伤（GCS评分3分～8分）继发外伤后脑梗死的患者64例重型颅脑损伤（GCS评分3分～8分）未继发外伤后脑梗死的患者及20例正常人的血清PAF和P-选择素水平变化,同时记录头部CT所示梗死体积及部位,探讨其临床意义。结果：重型颅脑损伤继发外伤后脑梗死组急性期血清PAF和P-选择素水平明显高于重型颅脑损伤未继发外伤后脑梗死组及正常人（P〈0．05）,恢复期有所下降,但仍高于健康对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：可溶性P-选择素及PAF与重型颅脑损伤继发外伤后脑梗死关系密切。     

脑梗死急性期血压水平与近期疗效的关系

目的探讨脑梗死急性期血压水平与预后的关系。方法发病24 h内的脑梗死患者205例,按发病时及住院3 d内的血压水平分组,血压140-160/70-100 mmHg之间的患者为A组100例;血压大于160/100 mmHg或者小于140/70 mmHg的患者为B组105例;分析A、B两组患者的临床资料及近期疗效。结果A组的近期临床疗效明显优于B组（P〈0.001）,其中A组基本痊愈11例（11.0%）,显效31例（31.0%）,有效45例（45.0%）;B组基本痊愈4例（3.8%）,显效19例（18.1%）,有效27例（52.4%）。结论脑梗死急性期血压过高或者过低均可直接影响患者的疗效,是预后不良的原因之一。脑梗死急性期注意血压监护以及调整血压保持在轻度升高水平具有重要意义。     

重型颅脑外伤术后高压氧的临床治疗分析

目的：对接受手术治疗重型颅脑外伤患者在术后应用高压氧疗方案实施治疗的临床效果进行研究。方法：抽取90例接受手术治疗的重型颅脑外伤患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组45例。采用脑外伤常规治疗方案对对照组患者在术后实施治疗;在常规方法基础上加用高压氧技术对治疗组患者在术后实施治疗。结果：治疗组患者颅脑外伤病情治疗效果明显优于对照组;治疗前后运动功能和生活能力评分的改善幅度明显大于对照组;颅脑外伤病情控制时间和术后留院治疗时间明显短于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：应用高压氧疗方案对接受手术治疗重型颅脑外伤患者在术后实施治疗的临床效果非常明显。     

急性脑外伤患者早期降压治疗的临床分析

目的探讨既往患有高血压的急性脑外伤患者早期降压幅度与疗效的关系.方法对既往患有高血压的脑外伤患者,外伤后早期血压控制水平与基础血压水平进行比较,分析降压幅度与疗效的关系.结果既往患有高血压的脑外伤患者急性期血压均有不同程度的升高,血压控制水平收缩压在基础收缩压之上0～20mmHg和/或舒张压在基础舒张压之上0～10mmHg的患者伤后7天CT下损伤灶体积扩展明显小于其它组患者(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),而且格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)亦显著优于其它组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论既往患有高血压病的脑外伤患者急性期降压治疗不宜过高或过低,在高于基础血压水平0～20/0～10mmHg时可能能减轻继发性脑损害,有利于患者的预后.     

控制高血压对急性脑梗死预后的影响

目的:观察急性脑梗死时间控制高血压以后对预后的影响。方法:选用随机的方法对54例急性脑梗死患者在急性期出现高血压的积极控制与目标控制管理,分别采用积极控制血压在正常范围与目标控制(SBP<200mmHg,DBP<120mmHg以内不采用降压),观察两组ADL预后变化情况。结果:54例患者(男28例,女26例)平均年龄64岁(58～79岁),治疗14天以后对患者的生活自理能力做一评价(ADL)评价。结果采用降压措施组的评分较目标管理组的分值有明显的差异。结论:在急性期脑梗死患者积极控制血压对患者的短期预后有不利影响。在急性期建议不需要积极控制血压,实行血压的目标管理对患者的预后有积极的意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.