结直肠癌肿瘤干细胞标志物的研究进展

CD44+、CD24+、CD166+、CD29+等参与结直肠癌的发生、侵袭和复发,表达越高预后越差,可作为结直肠癌肿瘤干细胞标志物,与其相关的信号传导通路和蛋白酶通过调节内环境也参与肿瘤的形成。通过研究肿瘤干细胞标志物可以早期诊断结直肠癌,减少肿瘤的复发,寻找治疗靶点,为结直肠癌的诊治提供突破点。     

人乳腺肿瘤干细胞分离培养及鉴定

目的:体外分离、培养乳腺肿瘤干细胞,并鉴定其生物学特性.方法:收集临床术后乳腺癌患者的肿瘤组织,经机械剪切联合酶消化法获得肿瘤细胞并培养,流式细胞仪鉴定细胞表面抗原,MTT比色法检测细胞生长曲线,实时定量PCR(qPCR)鉴定细胞Sox2、Nanog等基因表达,免疫荧光检测细胞特异性蛋白Bcl-2、孕激素受体(PR)的表达.结果:所获得的细胞呈克隆球样形态生长,鉴定结果发现其具有CD44+/CD24-表型,该细胞高表达Sox2、Nanog基因,且Bcl-2、PR蛋白均阳性表达.结论:人乳腺肿瘤组织中存在具有自我更新和增殖能力、表达CD44 +/CD24-的乳腺肿瘤干细胞,并能在体外长期培养.     

肿瘤干细胞表面标记物CD44在胃癌浸润和淋巴结转移中的作用

背景：肿瘤干细胞不仅能启动肿瘤发生,还参与肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移。对肿瘤干细胞来说,识别其特异性细胞表面标志物已成为研究热点。 目的：探讨肿瘤干细胞表面标记物CD44在胃癌浸润和淋巴结转移中的临床意义。 方法：采用免疫组化 SABC法检测胃癌组织标本CD44蛋白表达,应用Pearsonχ2检验和Cox回归多因素分析,确定CD44表达与胃癌生物学特性及其预后的相关性。 结果与结论：100例胃癌标本中,59例(59.0%)标本CD44蛋白呈阳性表达。CD44蛋白在距胃癌原发灶边缘5 cm以上的正常胃黏膜组织中呈阴性表达。胃癌组织中CD44蛋白广泛表达,主要表达于细胞膜,少量表达于细胞浆。胃癌组织中 CD44蛋白的表达和患者性别、年龄无关(P > 0.05),但与肿瘤分期和淋巴管浸润、组织学分级、肿瘤大小等有关(P < 0.05),其中,肿瘤浸润越深、组织学分级越高、肿瘤直径越大、有淋巴结转移,则CD44蛋白表达阳性率越高,CD44阳性表达是影响患者术后生存的独立预后因素(P < 0.05)。以上结果表明肿瘤干细胞表面标记物CD44在胃癌组织中的表达与胃癌的浸润和淋巴结转移密切相关,表达越高患者预后越差。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

卵巢癌细胞中CD90+肿瘤干细胞的生物学特性

背景：肿瘤干细胞与卵巢癌的发生和发展等之间存在十分密切的联系,CD90+是一种重要的肿瘤干细胞标志物。 目的：探索卵巢癌细胞中CD90+肿瘤干细胞生物学特性。 方法：获得原代卵巢癌细胞并进行分析,对人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3和原代卵巢癌细胞的CD133和CD90阳性率进行流式细胞术检测,分选获得CD90+和CD90-细胞,并通过反转录PCR法对其干细胞和上皮间质化相关基因mRNA的相对表达情况进行检测。通过Transwell小室侵袭试验对细胞侵袭能力进程观察,利用克隆形成试验对细胞增殖分化能力进行观察,利用悬浮成球试验对干细胞潜能进行观察。并通过免疫缺陷小鼠体内有限稀释成瘤试验,对成瘤时间以及成瘤率进行观察。 结果与结论：SKOV3细胞的CD133和CD90阳性率均显著低于原代卵巢癌细胞。SKOV3细胞系CD90+干细胞相关基因mRNA相对表达CD133和OCT4均显著高于SKOV3细胞系CD90-干细胞;原代卵巢癌细胞CD90+干细胞中CD44、CD133、乙醛脱氢酶1和OCT4均显著高于原代卵巢癌细胞CD90-干细胞。SKOV3细胞系CD90-和CD90+干细胞的上皮间质化相关基因mRNA相对表达水平差异有显著性意义,原代卵巢癌细胞CD90-和CD90+干细胞的上皮间质化相关基因mRNA相对表达水平差异有显著性意义。随着接种细胞数量的增加,CD90-和CD90+细胞成瘤率呈现出不断上升的情况,成瘤时间则不断下降。其中,CD90+干细胞的上升较之CD90-干细胞更为显著。SKOV3细胞系和原代卵巢癌细胞的CD90+干细胞穿膜细胞数、细胞克隆数、悬浮成球数量均显著大于CD90-干细胞。提示卵巢癌细胞中CD90+干细胞可高表达干细胞相关基因和间质属性基因,并具备较高的侵袭、增殖分化能力以及成瘤能力和较大的干细胞潜能。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

去胰岛素的乳腺癌干细胞培养及雌激素诱导的作用

 目的：探讨去除胰岛素的乳腺癌干细胞悬浮培养方法以及雌激素诱导的作用。方法：通过使用去除胰岛素的悬浮培养方法获得乳腺癌细胞系MCF7的肿瘤球细胞,并通过形态学观察、CD24-CD44+表达细胞的检测、醛脱氢酶1（ALDH1）蛋白的表达以及细胞多向分化能力对该干细胞模型的可靠性进行鉴定。给予10-10 mol/L 17β-雌二醇(E2β)对该干细胞模型处理7 d,观察上述相关指标的变化。结果：去除胰岛素的悬浮培养方法获得的瘤细胞球呈葡萄状,由30～60个细胞组成。细胞球显示细胞角蛋白18和CD10蛋白均表达阳性,CD44+CD24-细胞的含量及ALDH1蛋白表达量均较贴壁细胞明显增高（P<0.05）。使用10-10 mol/L E2β处理MCF7肿瘤球细胞7 d,肿瘤球细胞数及体积增大。使用10-10 mol/L E2β处理MCF7肿瘤球细胞24 h,CD44+CD24-细胞数量及ALDH1蛋白表达量较未处理组明显升高（P<0.05）。结论：去除胰岛素的悬浮培养方法可有效建立乳腺癌干细胞体外研究模型,并可用于E2β对乳腺癌干细胞生长调控的研究。     

肿瘤干细胞的分离培养及生物学特性

背景：肿瘤干细胞是一类具有自我更新能力、不定分化潜能的种子细胞,可以形成不同分化程度的肿瘤细胞, 是恶性肿瘤不断生长、复发转移、无法被传统的放化疗方法彻底杀死的根源。 目的：总结肿瘤干细胞的分离培养及其生物学特性。 方法：由作者采用电子检索的方式,在万方数据库中检索以“肿瘤干细胞,分离培养,生物学特性” 为中文关键词,计算机检索1990-01/2010-12有关肿瘤干细胞的分离培养及生物学特性的文章,经检索共查到相关文献45篇。经阅读标题、摘要、全文后,排除内容重复、普通综述、Meta分析类文章后,筛选纳入22篇文献进行评价。 结果与结论：在肺癌、胰腺癌、结肠癌、肝细胞癌、神经系统肿瘤等多种脏器肿瘤中,CD133被作为鉴定肿瘤干细胞的特异性标记物之一。巢蛋白、波形蛋白和CD117在神经系统肿瘤干细胞中有表达。CD44及内皮素转化酶在肺癌肿瘤干细胞中的表达具有意义。CD44和CD24可作为分选人胰腺癌细胞株PANC-1中肿瘤干细胞的表面标志。而CD166在大肠癌肿瘤干细胞中高表达。     

人鼻咽癌CD133+干细胞的生物学特性及意义**

背景：有研究表明肿瘤细胞株中存在肿瘤干细胞,是肿瘤复发、转移的根源,但人鼻咽癌细胞株CNE-2中肿瘤干细胞的表达及生物学特性至今少有报道。 目的：观察人鼻咽癌CD133+干细胞生物学特性及意义。 方法：采用流式细胞仪检测人鼻咽癌细胞株CNE-2中CD133的表达情况。免疫磁珠分选技术获得人鼻咽癌CD133+干细胞,分别采用无血清培养法、CCK-8法、平板克隆形成试验及裸鼠体内成瘤实验检测CD133+干细胞的体外增殖及体内成瘤能力,并将其与CD133-及未分选鼻咽癌细胞进行比较,以了解CD133+干细胞的生物学特性。 结果与结论：免疫磁珠富集的CD133+细胞在无血清培养基中呈悬浮生长,并可以形成肿瘤干细胞球。CD133+细胞与CD133-细胞比较具有较高的克隆形成能力(P < 0.01);CD133+细胞在裸鼠体内的成瘤率高于CD133-细胞(P < 0.05)。结果证实,鼻咽癌CD133+干细胞能在体外分离培养,形成干细胞球,增殖能力强,在裸鼠体内具有极强的成瘤能力。 关键词：鼻咽癌;肿瘤干细胞;增殖;生物学特性;干细胞培养 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.06.013     

CD44和CD24在鼻咽癌细胞系HK-1中调控STAT3发生磷酸化的分子机制研究

目的 研究CD44和CD24在鼻咽癌细胞系HK-1中调控STAT3发生磷酸化的分子机制.方法 采用流式细胞仪对培养的鼻咽癌HK-1高分化NPC细胞进行分选以获得CD44 +/CD24+ HK1细胞及CD44-/CD24-HK1细胞,通过Western blot、MTT和肿瘤微球形成等实验,分析鼻咽癌阳性肿瘤细胞中P-STAT3的表达,以及STAT3被抑制剂Stattic沉默后,对CD44+/CD24+ HK1和CD44-/CD24-HK1细胞增值能力和肿瘤微球形成能力的影响.结果 鼻咽癌HK-1细胞中可以提取到34.7％的CD44 +/CD24+ HK1细胞和41.5％的CD44-/CD24-HK1细胞,CD44+/CD24+ HK1细胞比CD44 /CD24-HK1细胞表达磷酸化STAT3水平高.STAT3的抑制剂Stattic可以抑制CD44+/CD24+ HK1和CD44-/CD24-HK1细胞磷酸化STAT3的表达,MTT实验显示16μmol/L Stattic明显抑制CD44+/CD24+ HK1和CD44-/CD24-HK1细胞增殖,肿瘤微球形成实验表明Stattic可明显抑制CD44+/CD24+ HK1和CD44-/CD24-HK1细胞微球形成能力,即STAT3在CD44+/CD24+ HK1细胞增殖和鼻咽癌进程中发挥重要的作用.结论 CD44和CD24在鼻咽癌侧群细胞HK-1细胞中,CD44 +/CD24+阳性细胞通过诱导STAT3发生磷酸化来促进鼻咽癌发展,为鼻咽癌肿瘤干细胞的靶向治疗提供了新的靶点,临床治疗可靶向抑制STAT3的表达,从而抑制CD44+/CD24+ HK1细胞增殖和肿瘤微球的形成,最终达到降低鼻咽癌的发生率.     

胃癌干细胞的分离、鉴定及其特性

背景：近年来随着肿瘤干细胞的深入研究,越来越多的证据表明肿瘤干细胞是恶性肿瘤转移复发的原因,因此分离鉴定出肿瘤干细胞对阐明肿瘤发病机制和研发抗肿瘤药物具有重要意义。 目的：分离培养胃癌干细胞,并检测胃癌干细胞的生物学特性。 方法：收集16例胃癌患者术中切除肿瘤组织,采用组织块贴壁培养法和酶消化培养法从肿瘤组织中分离胃癌干细胞,倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态,绘制生长曲线,并观察成骨成脂诱导分化能力。 结果与结论：两种方法均能够分离出胃癌干细胞,在显微镜下可以发现细胞形态为长梭形或多角样,细胞增殖生长达到融合时,呈漩涡状、放射状排列。从细胞生长曲线可以看出,1-3 d为潜伏期,4-9 d为对数增殖期,10 d后进入生长平台期。流式细胞仪检测结果显示：第3代胃癌干细胞高表达细胞表面标志物CD90、CD29、CD44,而低表达CD34、CD45、HLA-DR。第3代胃癌干细胞经成骨诱导后可见钙化结节,成脂诱导后细胞胞浆开始出现微小明亮的脂肪滴。结果表明胃肿瘤组织内存在肿瘤干细胞,且与正常细胞有相似的形态、生物特性以及多向分化能力,可能参与胃癌的发生、发展。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

盐霉素通过TGFβ1/Smad信号通路抑制MMP-2、9降低CD44~+/CD24~(-/low)表型乳腺癌干细胞迁移和侵袭能力

目的分析盐霉素对CD44~+ /CD24~(-/low)表型乳腺癌干细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响,并初步探讨其影响机制。方法通过有血清和无血清培养技术培养人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞株,收集两种细胞,对其CD24、CD44标志物进行荧光染色,采用流式细胞仪检测CD44~+ /CD24~(-/low)亚群细胞的比例;盐霉素培养MCF-7细胞株和CD44~+ /CD24~(-/low)表型乳腺癌干细胞,MTT法筛选出引起CD44~+ /CD24~(-/low)表型乳腺癌干细胞细胞凋亡低于IC50的浓度;Transwell技术检测MCF-7和CD44~+ /CD24~(-/low)表型乳腺癌干细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,以筛选出的浓度诱导CD44~+ /CD24~(-/low)表型乳腺癌干细胞,以排除盐霉素对该细胞增殖抑制作用的影响,Transwell技术检测该细胞迁移和侵袭能力的变化;Western blot技术检测TGFβ1、Smad2、Smad3、p-Smad2、pSmad3、MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白水平的变化。结果 CD44~+ /CD24~(-/low)表型乳腺癌干细胞在无血清培养和有血清培养中的比例分别为(86.93±0.53)%和(19.98±0.62)%(P0.01),CD44~+ /CD24~+ 表型细胞的比例分别是(12.68±0.59)%和(79.90±0.57)%(P0.01);MTT法筛选出低于IC50的浓度是1、3、5、7μmol/L;Transwell技术检测CD44~+ /CD24~(-/low)表型乳腺癌干细胞迁移和侵袭能力明显高于MCF-7细胞株,并随盐霉素浓度的上升呈下降趋势(P0.05)。Western blot技术检测TGFβ1、Smad2、Smad3、p-Smad2、p-Smad3、MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白水平下调(P0.01)。结论盐霉素可能通过TGFβ1/Smad信号通路下调MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白水平,从而降低CD44~+ /CD24~(-/low)表型乳腺癌干细胞迁移和侵袭能力。     

CD44+CD24-/low乳腺癌干细胞活性与多药耐药的相关性

BACKGROUND:Tumor stem cells are found to be involved in the recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance of the tumor. OBJECTIVE:To explore the relationship between cell activity and multidrug resistance of CD44⁺CD24^-/low breast cancer stem cells. METHODS: CD44⁺CD24^-/low breast cancer stem cells sorted from multidrug resistant breast cancer cell line MCF-7/ADR were detected as percentage using flow cytometry. P-gp fluorescence intensity of the cell membrane and MDR mRNA expression in sorted cells and MCF-7/ADR were detected using flow cytometry and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After sorting by flow cytometry, the proportion of CD44⁺CD24^-/low breast cancer stem cells was more than 90%, indicating that the sorted cells could meet the needs of the subsequent experiment. CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets exhibited stronger ability to form microspheres than non- CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets. The P-gp fluorescence intensity and MDR mRNA expression of CD44⁺CD24^-/low cells were significantly higher than those of MFC-7/ADR cell line (P < 0.05). These experimental findings suggest that CD44⁺CD24^-/low breast cancer stem cells sorted from MCF-7/ADR cell lines have a strong ability to form cell microspheres in vitro, and significantly raise the level of P-gp protein and MDR mRNA expression, which may be one of the causes of multidrug resistance.     

内分泌和化疗对乳腺肿瘤患者干细胞的影响

BACKGROUND:Tumor stem cells are the root of cancer recurrence and metastasis, so clinical researches should focus on the effects of different treatments on tumor stem cells. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of endocrine therapy and chemotherapy on stem cells in patients with breast cancer. METHODS:After recovery and cultivation of estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, passage 3 cells in logarithmic phase were selected and divided into three groups containing control, estradiol and estradiol with tamoxifen groups. The estradiol group was divided into three subgroups: 10^-7, 10^-8 and 10^-9 mol/L estradiol was added into the medium, respectively; the estradiol with tamoxifen group was divided into three subgroups: 10^-7, 10^-8 and 10^-9 mol/L estradiol with 10^-6 mol/L tamoxifen were added into the medium, respectively. The same amount of absolute ethyl ethanol was added into the medium of control group. Fifteen female patients with late recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer received chemotherapy as recurrence and metastasis group. Another 15 healthy volunteers were selected as healthy control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The proportion of CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets in the estradiol and estradiol with tamoxifen groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the proportion of CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets in the estradiol group was significantly higher than that of the estradiol with tamoxifen group at the same concentration (P < 0.05). The proportion of CD44+CD24-/low cell subsets had no significant differences among groups at 10 and 20 days of culture (P < 0.05). The proportion of CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets significantly increased in MCF-7 cells after 24-hour intervention with different chemotherapy drugs. But only the proportion of CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets in the paclitaxel and doxorubicin groups was significantly higher than that of the control group after 20-day intervention (P < 0.05). Besides, the proportion of CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets in the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers was significantly lower than that of the recurrence and metastasis group (P < 0.05). Among 15 patients with late recurrence and metastatic of breast cancer, 9 had stable disease, 5 had partial remission, 1 had failed chemotherapy and cancer progression. Moreover, the proportion of CD45^-CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets in the peripheral blood of patients sensitive for chemotherapy was significantly lower than that before treatment (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both endocrine therapy and chemotherapy exert a certain effect on the CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets of breast cancer positive for estrogen receptor. Given that CD44⁺CD24^-/low cell subsets in MCF-7 cells resist chemotherapy drugs, the proportion of CD45^-CD44⁺CD24^-/low cells in the peripheral blood of patients sensitive for chemotherapy is decreased.     

miR-1231对结肠癌干细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that miR-1231 is down-regulated in colon cancer stem cells (CCSCs), but the effect of miR-1231 on CCSCs remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of miR-1231 on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of CCSCs (CD133⁺CD44⁺). METHODS: CD133⁺CD44⁺ cells and CD133^-CD44^- cells were separated from SW1116 cells by immunomagnetic bead separation. The expression level of miR-1231 in CD133⁺CD44⁺ and CD133^-CD44^- cells was detected by qRT-PCR. miR-1231-overexpressing CD133⁺CD44⁺ cells were transfected with miR-1231 mimics or miR-control by lipofection transfection. The effects of miR-1231 on CD133⁺CD44⁺ cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion were investigated by MTT, flow cytometry and Transwell assays, respectively. In addition, the expression levels of Ki67, Bax, Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein in miR-1231-overexpressing CD133+CD44+ cells and control cells were detected by western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:CD133⁺CD44⁺ and CD133^-CD44^- cells were obtained by the immunomagnetic bead separation. The expression level of miR-1231 in CD133⁺CD44⁺ cells was significantly lower than that in CD133^-CD44^- cells. miR-1231 suppressed CD133⁺CD44⁺ cell proliferation and invasion, but promoted the apoptosis in these cells. Western blot analysis showed that miR-1231-overexpressing CD133⁺CD44⁺ cells had obvious decreases in Ki67, Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression and a significant increase in Bax protein expression compared with control cells. All these results further confirm that miR-1231 inhibits the proliferation and invasion but promotes the apoptosis in CD133⁺CD44⁺ cells. These findings suggest that miR-1231 can be a suppressor of CCSCs, which offers a novel potential therapeutic target for CCSCs and colon cancer.     

肝癌干细胞分离及其细胞生物学特性

背景：正常干细胞和肿瘤干细胞在基因表达和依赖的细胞信号通路上应该存在不同,如何发现能选择性杀伤肿瘤干细胞的治疗手段是一个仍然需要大量研究的课题。 目的：分离人肝癌细胞系肿瘤干细胞MHCC97,分析其细胞生物学特性。 方法：采用流式细胞技术在人高转移肝癌细胞系MHCC97中筛选肿瘤干细胞,分离正常人肝脏干细胞CD133^-CD34^- MHCC97和人肝癌细胞系肿瘤干细胞CD133⁺CD34⁺ MHCC97,分别检测其表型、生长曲线、细胞周期和多系分化能力。 结果与结论：人肝癌细胞系CD133⁺CD34⁺ MHCC97肿瘤干细胞的表型为CD133⁺CD34⁺ ,人肝癌细胞系CD133⁺CD34⁺ MHCC97具有与CD133^-CD34^- MHCC97相似的细胞曲线和生长周期,可以向上皮和内皮细胞分化,并表达相应特异性的分子标志。提示人肝癌细胞系中CD133⁺CD34⁺MHCC97细胞具有肿瘤干细胞的特性,可以向内皮和上皮细胞分化,同时具有肿瘤干细胞的生物学特性,是肿瘤复发转移的根源,也是临床治疗的靶点。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

人原代胃癌细胞中肿瘤干细胞的分化培养

BACKGROUND:There is a close relationship between tumor stem cells and tumor occurrence and recurrence, but there are still some disputes in the presence of tumor stem cells in all tumors. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differentiation and culture of tumor stem cells in human primary gastric cancer cells. METHODS:Primary gastric cancer cells isolated from fresh gastric cancer tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and identified by immunohistochemical detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. The CD44 expression of the cells was detected using immunofluorescence method. Magnetic activated cell sorting was used to isolate CD44⁺ gastric cancer cells that were then seeded subcutaneously behind the armpit of mice. Growth of implanted tumor cells was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Human primary gastric cancer cells were isolated in serum-free medium. Compared with the routine culture group, the number of CD44⁺ cells (P < 0.05) and the tumor volume were significantly increased in the spheroid culture group. Furthermore, at 90 days after transplantation, the tumor volume of mice in spheroid culture group was significantly higher than that in the routine culture group. These experimental findings indicate that gastric cancer cells with certain tumorigenicity can be successfully isolated from gastric cancer cells using serum-free culture method and magnetic activated cell sorting method.     

THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTE PHENOTYPE IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER: EFFECT OF DOXORUBICIN/PACLITAXEL COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY

Presence of functional immune system is critical for any attempt aimed at improving survival of breast cancer patients by strategies based on immune system manipulation. We evaluated by flow cytometry the phenotype of peripheral blood leukocyte of 43 breast cancer patients. In 11 patients, the phenotype was evaluated before and during the chemotherapy by combination of doxorubicin and paclitaxel (AT). Compared with controls breast cancer patients had significantly higher relative and absolute numbers of CD3^-HLADR⁺, CD3^-CD69⁺ and CD14⁺CD16^-, and significantly lower percentages of CD3^- and CD8^-CD28⁺ cells. After one cycle of AT, the absolute numbers of CD3⁺, CD3^-CD4^-, CD3⁺CD8⁺ and CD8^-CD28⁺ cells increased significantly. Present data show a presence of T-cell activation in breast cancer patients. Administration of AT may lead to an increase in functional T-cells in peripheral blood, indicating a potential for combining chemotherapy with immunotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer patients.     

结肠癌干细胞表面标志的研究和信号传导

背景：近年来研究表明,结肠癌干细胞参与肿瘤的复发和转移,为恶性肿瘤靶向治疗带来新的希望。 目的：探讨结肠癌干细胞特异表面标志的分离和鉴定方法,以及与结肠癌干细胞研究紧密相关的信号通路。 方法：以“结肠癌干细胞,肿瘤干细胞,细胞表面标志,信号传导”为中文关键词,以“colon cancer stem cell,cancer stem cell,cell surface sign,signal transduction”为英文关键词,采用计算机检索Medline和CNKI数据库2000-01/2011-06有关结肠癌干细胞表面标志和信号传导的相关文章,排除重复研究或Meta分析类文章,筛选纳入40篇文献进行评价。 结果与结论：CD133⁺与CD44⁺可作结肠癌干细胞的表面标志。与结肠癌干细胞紧密相关的信号通路有Wnt和Notch等,Wnt信号通路在干细胞内环境稳定中起重要作用,Notch信号通路是干细胞信号网络的重要通路。通过研究结肠癌干细胞的表面标志,可以及早地检测出肿瘤的存在;掌握结肠癌干细胞的生物学特性和信号转导路径,可减少肿瘤的复发,为结肠癌的诊断和治疗降低难度。     

结直肠癌组织中CD44+肿瘤细胞与S期标志物增殖细胞核抗原的关系

背景：目前尚未找到结直肠癌干细胞理想的标志物,结合周期蛋白能更精确的找到GO/G1期癌干细胞。 目的：了解结直肠癌组织中CD44和增殖细胞核抗原PCNA的表达及CD44⁺肿瘤细胞与S期标志物增殖细胞核抗原PCNA的关系。 方法：采用组织芯片检测、免疫组织化学和双重免疫组织化学染色技术检测61例结直肠癌组织、10例正常肠黏膜组织中增殖细胞核抗原PCNA和CD44表达情况。 结果与结论：在结直肠癌组织中,PCNA⁺细胞数远多于CD44⁺细胞数,CD44⁺癌细胞形态有两种,一种核较大,染色质边集,呈空泡状,核膜核仁清晰,这些细胞大多数呈PCNA阳性;另一种核较小,染色质致密,呈小圆形,部分表达PCNA。在大多数病例中,CD44⁺细胞中90%以上的瘤细胞同时为PCNA阳性,只有(3.38±2.08)%细胞为单纯PCNA阳性。说明结直肠癌组织中大多数CD44⁺细胞呈现S期标志物PCNA阳性,处于S期;只有极少数CD44⁺/PCNA-处于G0/G1期的细胞可能为肿瘤干细胞。     

骨髓间充质干细胞调节心脏移植大鼠的免疫功能

BACKGROUND:Heart transplantation is an effective method for treatment of end-stage heart failure, but immune rejection that seriously impact therapeutic effacicy is easy to occur after transplantation. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the regulatory effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the immune function of rats undergoiong heart transplantation. METHODS:Twenty Lewis rats were enrolled as donors, and 20 Wistar rats as recipients. Heart transplantation models were established in the Wistar rats. These 20 model rats were randomized into cell transplantation and control group with 10 rats in each group. Forty-eight hours after heart transplantation, rats in the cell transplantation group were given bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell suspension (1 mL, 2×10⁸ cells/L) via the tail vein, while rats in the control group were given normal saline in the same dose. Then, the expression levels of serum interleukin-2, interleukin-10 and percentage of CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺, CD4⁺CD25^high, CD4⁺CD25^high Foxp3⁺ T cells in the venous blood were detected in the two groups at 7 days after cell transplantation. Additionally, rat myocardial tissues were taken and observed pathologically. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The survival time of the cell transplantation group was significantly longer than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The expression level of interleukin-2 showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05), but the level of interleukin-10 in the cell transplantation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the percentage of CD4⁺/CD8⁺, CD4⁺CD25^high, CD4⁺CD25^high Foxp3⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells was significantly higher, and the percentage of CD8⁺ T cells was significantly lower in the cell transplantation group (P < 0.05). Histopathological findings showed that there were a small amount of infiltrated lymphocytes in the cell transplantation group with the presence of slight bleeding and edema, and these inflammatory reactions were milder than those in the control group. These findings indicate that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can effectively reduce the rejection in rats undergoing heart transplantation.