Hospital outcome of concomitant tricuspid annuloplasty during totally endoscopic mitral valve surgery: a propensity matched study

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine how concomitant tricuspid annuloplasty (TAP) affects the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing totally endoscopic mitral valve surgery.MethodsThis was a single-centre, retrospective study. Between January 2019 and June 2020, 143 patients who underwent totally endoscopic mitral valve surgery in our institution were enrolled. Ninety-two patients who underwent isolated mitral valve surgery were categorized into the minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS) group (n=92), and patients who underwent mitral valve surgery with concomitant TAP were categorized into the MIMVS-TAP (n=51) group. Clinical data were collected from all patients, including demographic and perioperative data. We conducted propensity score matching (PSM) by using one-to-one ratio nearest-neighbour matching for baseline demographic data and tricuspid valve-related parameters. Forty patients in each group were matched in this way. Parametric and nonparametric tests were performed for data analysis.ResultsStatistically, postoperative mortality within 30 days was not significantly different between the two groups (P=1). No differences were found in serious adverse events, such as stroke or third-degree conduction block, between the two groups after 1:1 PSM (P=1 and P=0.480, respectively). The mean operation time for the MIMVS+TAP group was longer (232.13±36.05 min) than that for the MIMVS group (204.25±28.49 min; P<0.001). The same was true for the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time (169.48±25.96 vs. 153.10±23.00 min; P=0.004) and aortic clamp time (110.80±17.37 vs. 101.00±14.38 min; P=0.005). The duration of the intensive care unit stay and the overall postoperative length of stay were not different between the two groups (P=0.734 and P=0.472, respectively). The postoperative systolic pulmonary artery pressure differed between the two groups [38.00±8.45 (MIMVS); 33.65±7.34 (MIMVS + TAP), P=0.022].ConclusionsOur study showed that totally endoscopic mitral valve surgery with concomitant TAP is just as safe and effective as isolated totally endoscopic mitral valve surgery, even with a long surgery duration. Our study also suggested that totally endoscopic mitral valve surgery with concomitant TAP can improve tricuspid function in patients.     

Characteristics of Ischemic Versus Hemorrhagic Stroke in Patients Receiving Oral Anticoagulants: Results of the PASTA Study

Objective Limited data exist regarding the comparative detailed clinical characteristics of patients with ischemic stroke (IS)/transient ischemic attack (TIA) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) receiving oral anticoagulants (OACs). Methods The prospective analysis of stroke patients taking oral anticoagulants (PASTA) registry, a multicenter registry of 1,043 stroke patients receiving OACs [vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOACs)] across 25 medical institutions throughout Japan, was used. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to analyze differences in clinical characteristics between IS/TIA and ICH patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who were registered in the PASTA registry. Results There was no significant differences in cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, or alcohol consumption (all p>0.05), between IS/TIA and ICH among both NOAC and VKA users. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) [odds ratio (OR), 4.77; p<0.0001] were independently associated with ICH, and high brain natriuretic peptide/N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide levels (OR, 1.89; p=0.0390) were independently associated with IS/TIA among NOAC users. A history of ICH (OR, 13.59; p=0.0279) and the high prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) (OR, 1.17; p<0.0001) were independently associated with ICH, and a history of IS/TIA (OR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.34-8.49; p=0.0101) and high D-dimer levels (OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.05-5.82; p=0.0377) were independently associated with IS/TIA among VKA users. Conclusion The presence of CMBs, a history of stroke, natriuretic peptide and D-dimer levels, and PT-INR may be useful for risk stratification of either IS/TIA or ICH development in patients with AF receiving OACs.     

Mitral Regurgitation After Percutaneous Mitral Valvuloplasty: Insights Into Mechanisms and Impact on Clinical Outcomes

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the incidence, mechanisms, and outcomes of mitral regurgitation (MR) after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV).BackgroundSignificant MR continues to be a major complication of PMV, with a wide range in clinical presentation and prognosis.MethodsConsecutive patients with mitral stenosis undergoing PMV were prospectively enrolled. MR severity was evaluated by using quantitative echocardiographic criteria, and its mechanism was characterized by 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, divided broadly into 4 categories based on the features contributing to the valve damage. B-type natriuretic peptide levels were obtained before and 24 h after the procedure. Endpoints estimated cardiovascular death or mitral valve (MV) replacement due to predominant MR.ResultsA total of 344 patients, ages 45.1 ± 12.1 years, of whom 293 (85%) were women, were enrolled. Significant MR after PMV was found in 64 patients (18.6%). The most frequent mechanism of MR was commissural, which occurred in 22 (34.4%) patients, followed by commissural with posterior leaflet in 16 (25.0%), leaflets at central scallop or subvalvular damage in 15 (23.4%), and central MR in 11 (17.2%). During the mean follow-up period of 3 years (range 1 day to 10.6 years), 60 patients reached the endpoint. The event-free survival rates were similar among patients with mild or commissural MR, whereas patients with damaged central leaflet scallop or subvalvular apparatus had the worst outcome, with an event-free survival rate at 1 year of only 7%. Long-term outcome was predicted by net atrioventricular compliance (C_n) at baseline and post-procedural variables, including valve area, mean gradient, and magnitude of decrease in B-type natriuretic peptide levels, adjusted for the mechanism of MR.ConclusionsSignificant MR following PMV is a frequent event, mainly related to commissural splitting, with favorable clinical outcome. Parameters that express the relief of valve obstruction and the mechanism by which MR develops were predictors of long-term outcomes.     

Relation of B-type natriuretic peptide early after acute myocardial infarction to left ventricular diastolic function and extent of myocardial damage determined by magnetic resonance imaging

Early after acute myocardial infarction, the relation between plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and extent of myocardial scar formation and diastolic dysfunction remains unclear. In 32 consecutive patients early (5 +/- 3 days) after a first acute myocardial infarction, delayed contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed to define myocardial scar. Diastolic function was assessed using phase-contrast MR measurements of mitral flow and septal tissue velocities (tissue MR imaging) to estimate left ventricular (LV) filling pressures. MR study was immediately followed by BNP measurement. BNP related to LV ejection fraction (r = -0.52, p = 0.002), extent of myocardial scar (percent delayed hyperenhancement of LV mass, r = 0.49, p = 0.005; transmural index, r = 0.58, p <0.001), and estimated LV filling pressures (ratio of early diastolic mitral flow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity, r = 0.51, p = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, transmural index and early diastolic mitral flow velocity/early diastolic mitral annular velocity were independent predictors of BNP levels (p <0.05, power of 0.99 at alpha = 0.05). In conclusion, among patients with recent myocardial infarction, high BNP levels are independently associated with extent of myocardial scar tissue and estimated LV filling pressures.     

Atrial fibrillation in adults with congenital heart disease following cardiac surgery in a single center: Analysis of incidence and risk factors

Objective: The primary aim of our work is to determine the incidence of atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery in adults with congenital heart disease. Secondary aims include identifying risk factors predictive of developing early postoperative atrial fibrillation and morbidities associated with early postoperative atrial fibrillation.
Design: Retrospective analysis.
Setting: Single center, quaternary care children’s hospital.
Patients: This review included patients at least 18 years of age with known congenital heart disease who underwent cardiac surgery requiring a median sternotomy at our congenital heart center from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2016.
Interventions: None.
Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was early postoperative atrial fibrillation. Secondary outcomes included preoperative comorbidities, preoperative echocardiographic findings, operative details, and postoperative morbidities, such length of stay, reintubation, stroke, and death.
Results: The incidence of early postoperative atrial fibrillation was 21%. Those who developed early postoperative atrial fibrillation were older (50 years vs 38 years, P =< .001), had a history of atrial fibrillation prior to surgery, had preoperative pulmonary hypertension, and had longer cardiopulmonary bypass times (103 minutes vs 84 minutes, P = .025) when compared to those who did not develop postoperative atrial fibrillation. Multivariate analysis identified age greater than 60, preoperative pulmonary hypertension, mitral valve intervention, and the need for postoperative inotropic support as being independent predictors of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Those who developed postoperative atrial fibrillation remained in the hospital longer (9 days vs 7 days, P =< .001).
Conclusions: Atrial fibrillation is a common complication following cardiac surgery in adults with congenital heart disease. Age, preoperative comorbidities, type of surgical intervention, and the need for perioperative inotropic infusions may predict the risk of atrial fibrillation in this unique patient population.     

Serum NT-proBNP concentrations in the early phase do not predict the severity of systolic or diastolic left ventricular dysfunction among patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction

The cohort included 55 consecutive patients with first ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEAMI) who underwent reperfusion. Blood samples were drawn for N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), highly-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), creatinine kinase (CK), cardiac troponin l (cTnl), and white blood cell (WBC) count within 24 hours of admission. Transthoracic echocardiography, performed within the same time frame, assessed left ventricular (LV) systolic function, as well as diastolic function. Variables significantly associated with poor systolic LV dysfunction were hs-CRP, peak CK, cTnl, and WBC. There was no significant correlation between NT-proBNP and systolic function early after STEAMI (p=0.49). Among patients with diastolic dysfunction, there was no significant correlation between NT-proBNP levels and peak mitral E-wave velocity to peak initial A-wave velocity (E/A ratio) (r =0.19, p=0.18) or E-wave deceleration time (r =0.22, p=0.15). Thus, NT-proBNP levels in the early phase after STEAMI were not indicative of systolic or diastolic function.     

Which Factors Impact Myocardial Function in Systemic Sclerosis?

Background: The aim of our study was to determine clinical and echocardiographic parameters, which impacted the left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) diastolic and global function in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods: The study included 50 SSc patients and 48 age‐matched healthy volunteers. All the patients underwent clinical examination, serological tests, pulmonary function testing, and complete two‐dimensional echocardiography, which included pulsed and tissue Doppler. We determined the ratio of early diastolic transtricuspid/transmitral and the lateral area of the tricuspid/mitral annulus flow velocities (E/e′;_lateral). RV and LV global ventricular function was estimated by the Tei index. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was calculated by using echocardiographic parameters. Results: Tricuspid inflow E/A ratio was decreased in the SSc group (P < 0.001), also as e′/a′ ratio (P < 0.001), whereas E/e′_tricuspid was increased (P = 0.001). The RV Tei index was increased in SSc patients (P < 0.001). PVR was significantly higher than in controls (P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis showed that brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level (β= 0.403, P = 0.016), diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO; β= 0.361, P = 0.025), RV systolic pressure (β= 0.449, P = 0.011), and PVR (β= 0.507, P < 0.001) were independently associated with RV diastolic function (tricuspid E/e′_lateral). Similar results were achieved for the RV Tei index. Multiple regression showed that BNP level (β= 0.337, P = 0.029), DLCO (β= 0.405, P = 0.011), and PVR (β= 0.449, P = 0.022) were independently associated with LV diastolic function (mitral E/e′_lateral). Similar results were obtained for the LV Tei index. Conclusion: Our study revealed some new noninvasive parameters (BNP, DLCO, and PVR), which are useful for everyday clinical practice for determining of early myocardial involvement in SSc. (Echocardiography 2012;29:307‐317)     

Effects of lesion complexity on baseline and postprocedural B-type natriuretic peptide levels in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions

The time-related alteration of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels after percutaneous coronary interventions has been investigated chiefly in patients with acute coronary syndromes; very few data are available in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the alterations of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels, and the effects of lesion complexity on these levels, after elective percutaneous coronary interventions in stable coronary artery disease patients. We enrolled 103 of these patients and used modified American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association lesion morphology criteria to qualitatively evaluate the angiograms: type A and B1 lesions were categorized as simple, and type B2 and C lesions were designated as complex. Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels were determined before intervention and 1 and 24 hours afterwards. Median baseline B-type natriuretic peptide levels were significantly higher in patients who had complex lesions (n=53) (108 pg/mL) compared with those who had simple lesions (n=50) (33 pg/mL) (P <0.001), and this difference was maintained 1 and 24 hours after intervention (P = 0.003 and P = 0.001, respectively). However, for both lesion types, percutaneous coronary intervention procedures did not significantly alter plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels (all P >0.05). On binary logistic regression analysis, age and lesion complexity were found to be independently associated with B-type natriuretic peptide levels. We conclude that, in stable coronary artery disease patients, elective percutaneous coronary intervention does not cause any significant alteration in plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels. However, elevated levels are significantly associated with more complex lesions and with advanced age.     

Incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury after maze operation in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common complications after cardiac surgery. While current guidelines indicate that surgical ablation does not increase the risk of renal failure, recent studies have produced conflicting results. This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of AKI after maze procedure in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation, and to elucidate risk factors associated with postoperative AKI.MethodsBetween 2011 and 2020, 203 patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation (61.4±8.7 years, male:female =67:136) who underwent concomitant maze procedure and mitral valve replacement were retrospectively reviewed. Other combined procedures included aortic valve operations (n=64, 31.5%) and tricuspid valve procedures (n=149, 73.4%). The AKI was defined as an increase of serum creatinine level by 1.5 times after surgery based on the RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End stage) criteria. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors associated with postoperative AKI.ResultsPostoperative AKI developed in 76 patients (37.4%). The multivariable analysis demonstrated that age [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.065, 1.025–1.107; P=0.001], cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time (1.007, 1.002–1.013; P=0.009) and nadir hematocrit during CPB (0.854, 0.740–0.985; P=0.031) were associated with postoperative AKI.ConclusionsPostoperative AKI occurred in more than one thirds of patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation who underwent combined mitral valve replacement and maze procedure. Optimization of CPB management might be needed to prevent postoperative AKI after maze procedure.     

Factors associated with decreased cerebral blood flow in congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is decreased and cognitive dysfunction develops in the advanced stages of heart failure. However, few data are available regarding the factors associated with decreased CBF. Fifty-two patients with advanced congestive heart failure (CHF) secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction 相似文献   

Clinical significance of reactive oxidative metabolites in patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction

BackgroundWe investigated the clinical significance of the derivative of reactive oxygen metabolites (DROM), a new marker of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (HFrEF).Methods and ResultsSerum DROM concentrations were measured in 201 consecutive patients with HFrEF (EF < 50%) in stable condition. DROM values were significantly higher in patients with HFrEF than in risk-matched patients without HF (P < 0.01). They also correlated significantly with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and B-type natriuretic peptide. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated significantly higher probabilities of HF-related events in the high-DROM group than in the low-DROM group (log-rank test, P < 0.01). Multivariable Cox hazard analysis revealed that DROM were independent and significant predictors of cardiovascular events. In a subgroup analysis, DROM levels were also measured at the aortic root and coronary sinus in 49 patients. The transcardiac gradient of DROM values was significantly higher in patients with HFrEF than in patients without HF (P = 0.04), indicating an association between DROM production in the coronary circulation and HFrEF development. Changes in DROM following optimal therapy were significantly associated with LVEF improvement (r = 0.34, P = 0.04).ConclusionsThe higher levels of DROM and their association with cardiovascular events suggest the clinical benefit of DROM measurements in the risk stratification of patients with HFrEF.     

Clinical value of B-type natriuretic peptide for the assessment of left ventricular filling pressures in patients with systolic heart failure and inconclusive tissue Doppler indexes

Invasive hemodynamic monitoring with Swan-Ganz catheterization to guide treatment decisions in heart failure may be hazardous and may lack prognostic value. We assessed the clinical utility of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in estimating left ventricular filling pressures in patients with inconclusive tissue Doppler indexes. In this study, 50 patients with systolic heart failure and an early transmitral velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity ratio (E/Ea) between 8 and 15 were studied. Among them, 25 had been admitted for acutely decompensated heart failure (group A) and the remainder were clinically stable outpatients (group B). All patients underwent simultaneous invasive pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) determination, BNP measurement, and echocardiography. In group A, BNP correlated with PCWP (r = 0.803, P < 0.001), deceleration time (DT, r = -0.602, p = 0.001), and end-systolic wall stress (SWS, r = 0.565, P = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, BNP was the only parameter independently associated with PCWP (P = 0.023). In group B, no correlation was found between BNP and PCWP or SWS, while DT correlated significantly with both PCWP (r = -0.817, P < 0.001) and BNP (r = -0.8, P < 0.001). We conclude that BNP may be a useful noninvasive tool for the assessment of left ventricular filling pressures in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure and inconclusive tissue Doppler indexes.     

Adaptive Servoventilation Improves Cardiorenal Function and Prognosis in Heart Failure Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Sleep-Disordered Breathing

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) play critical roles in the progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). However, it still remains unclear whether adaptive servoventilation (ASV) improves cardiorenal function and the prognosis of CHF patients with CKD and SDB.Methods and ResultsEighty CHF patients with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL min^?1 1.73 cm^?2) and SDB (apnea-hypopnea index >15/h) were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: 36 patients were treated with usual care plus ASV (ASV group) and 44 patients were treated with usual care alone (Non-ASV group). Levels of B-type natriuretic peptide, glomerular filtration rate, cystatin C, C-reactive protein, noradrenaline, and left ventricular ejection fraction were measured before treatment and 6 months after treatment. Patients were followed to register cardiac events occurring after enrollment. Six months of ASV therapy reduced levels of B-type natriuretic peptide, cystatin C, C-reactive protein, and noradrenaline and improved the glomerular filtration rate and ejection fraction (all P < .05). However, none of these parameters changed in the Non-ASV group. Thirty-two events (14 deaths and 18 rehospitalizations) occurred during the follow-up period (mean 513 days). Importantly, the event-free rate was significantly higher in the ASV group than in the Non-ASV group (77.8% vs 45.5%; log rank P < .01).ConclusionsASV improves the prognosis of CHF patients with CKD and SDB, with favorable effects such as the improvement of cardiorenal function and attenuation of inflammation and sympathetic nervous activity.     

Serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 as a novel marker for risk stratification of patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy

BackgroundSelective induction of myocardial matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been reported to occur in human nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We aimed to evaluate the utility of serum MMPs for risk stratification of patients with DCM.Methods and ResultsWe measured serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 71 patients with mild to moderate DCM (left ventricular ejection fraction = 28.3 ± 11.5%). The primary end point was the composite incidence of cardiac death and hospitalizations for worsening heart failure. During the follow-up period (mean, 28 ± 16 months), 19 patients had major cardiac events with sudden cardiac death in 6 cases and hospitalizations for worsening heart failure in 13 cases. Multivariate analysis revealed that MMP-3 and B-type natriuretic peptide were significant independent predictors of cardiac events in patients with DCM (hazard ratio 1.41, P = .012; hazard ratio 2.72, P = .048, respectively). According to the Kaplan-Meier analyses of cumulative cardiac event-free rates of the two groups that were based on the median levels of MMPs, the differences in the cardiac event-free curves were significant only for MMP-3 (P = .009). Moreover, patients with elevations of both MMP-3 and B-type natriuretic peptide were found to have the poorest prognosis.ConclusionOur results may address the utility of serum MMP-3 for risk stratification of patients with DCM.     

二尖瓣球囊扩张术对患者血浆B型利钠肽水平的影响

目的:观察二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)对二尖瓣狭窄患者血浆B型利钠肽(BNP)水平的影响。方法:检测30例成功施行PBMV的二尖瓣狭窄患者(窦性心律21例,心房颤动9例)术前、术后20 min及术后24 h的血浆BNP浓度,与8例对照者比较,并将BNP浓度与血流动力学参数作相关分析。结果:术前30例二尖瓣狭窄患者血浆BNP水平显著高于对照者(P<0．01);且与平均左心房压(r=0．441,P< 0．05)和肺动脉压(r=0．488,P<0．01)呈正相关。心房颤动患者与窦性心律患者BNP浓度无明显差异。术后20 mim及术后24 h窦性心律患者BNP浓度较术前显著下降(P均<0．05),术后24 h左心室舒张末容量(P<0．01)和每搏输出量(P<0．05)较术前相应增加,左心室舒张末压不变;术后20 min的BNP浓度变化与平均左心房压变化(r=0．696,P <0．01)及肺动脉压变化(r=0．456,P<0．05)呈正相关。术后心房颤动患者BNP浓度较术前无明显改变,左心室舒张末容量和每搏输出量相应不变,左心室舒张末压术后20 min较术前增加(P<0．01)。结论:二尖瓣狭窄患者血浆BNP浓度升高和左心房压及肺动脉压升高相关。心脏节律对球囊扩张术后血浆BNP的变化起重要作用,BNP是反映窦性心律患者球囊扩张术后左心房压及肺动脉压变化的敏感指标,但这一指标不适用于心房颤动患者。     

Comparison of Soluble ST2, Pentraxin-3, Galectin-3, and High-Sensitivity Troponin T of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

BackgroundData regarding a direct comparison of soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), galectin-3 (Gal-3), and high-sensitivity troponin T of cardiovascular outcome in patients with heart failure (HF) are lacking.Methods and ResultsA total of 616 hospitalized patients with HF were evaluated prospectively. Biomarker data were obtained in the stable predischarge condition. sST2 levels were associated with age, sex, body mass index, inferior vena cava diameter, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), PTX3, C-reactive protein, and Gal-3 levels. During follow-up, 174 (28.4%) primary composite end points occurred, including 58 cardiovascular deaths and 116 HF rehospitalizations. sST2 predicted the end point after adjustment for 13 clinical variables (hazard ratio 1.422; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.064 to 1.895, P = .018). The association between sST2 and the end point was no longer statistically significant after adjustment for BNP (P = .227), except in the subgroup of patients with preserved ejection fraction (hazard ratio 1.925, 95% CI 1.102–3.378, P = .021). Gal-3 and high-sensitivity troponin T predicted the risk for the end point after adjustment for age and sex, but were not significant after adjustment for clinical variables. The prognostic value of PTX3 was not observed (age and sex adjusted, P = .066).ConclusionsThis study did not show significant additional value of biomarkers to BNP for risk stratification, except sST2 in patients with preserved ejection fraction.     

Preliminary data on the potential usefulness of B-type natriuretic peptide levels in predicting outcome after hospital discharge in patients with heart failure

PURPOSE: Among patients admitted for treatment of heart failure, we aimed to evaluate the value of B-type natriuretic peptide levels in predicting subsequent death or hospital readmission. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We observed and followed 50 consecutive patients admitted with decompensated heart failure. B-type natriuretic peptide levels were measured using an immunofluorometric assay at admission and at discharge. We followed patients for 6 months and ascertained readmissions for cardiovascular causes and death. RESULTS: Forty-three patients were discharged. There were 20 events during follow-up (15 readmissions and 5 deaths). Mean (+/- SD) B-type natriuretic peptide levels decreased during the initial hospitalization, from 619 +/- 491 pg/mL to 328 +/- 314 pg/mL (P <0.001) among patients who were event free during follow-up, whereas declines were less marked among patients with hospital readmission or death (from 779 +/- 608 pg/mL to 643 +/- 465 pg/mL, P = 0.08). Among the 7 patients with in-hospital increases in B-type natriuretic peptide level, 6 had events, compared with 14 of the 36 patients whose levels declined (P = 0.04). An increase in B-type natriuretic peptide levels during hospital stay was associated with an increased event rate (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3 to 8.8). Patients whose B-type natriuretic peptide level at discharge was above the median (321 pg/mL) had a somewhat higher rate of dying or being readmitted (HR = 2.3; 95% CI: 0.9 to 5.8). CONCLUSION: These preliminary results in a small number of patients suggest that changes in B-type natriuretic peptide levels, as well as predischarge levels, are related to hospital readmission and death within 6 months.     

Incremental prognostic value of changes in B-type natriuretic peptide in heart failure

Purpose

B-type natriuretic peptide is one of the most sensitive and specific biohumoral markers of heart failure. We hypothesized that B-type natriuretic peptide changes during treatment of heart failure may provide independent information on disease progression and outcome in patients enrolled in the Val-HeFT trial.

Methods

Patients were divided into four groups according to concentrations of B-type natriuretic peptide at baseline versus 4 months (n = 3740) or 12 months (n = 3343), with respect to the baseline median (97 pg/mL): low→low (stable below median, 44%-46%), high→high (stable above median, 32%-37%), high→low (above to below median, 12%-14%), and low→high (below to above median, 6%-9%). Cox multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the risk of death and morbidity, with adjustment for baseline B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations.

Results

Patients who improved their B-type natriuretic peptide at 4 months (high→low) had a similar risk for mortality (hazard ratio = 1.191, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.870-1.631, P =.2746) compared with the low→low patients. Conversely, patients who worsened in their B-type natriuretic peptide (low→high) had a risk for mortality (hazard ratio 2.578, CI, 1.861-3.571, P <.0001) higher than patients in the low→low group, and indistinguishable from the high→high group. Worsening of B-type natriuretic peptide (low→high) was associated with 0.03 cm/m² increase in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, whereas it decreased by 0.10 cm/m² in high→low and low→low groups (P <.001).

Conclusions

Changes in B-type natriuretic peptide over time with respect to a threshold value of 97 pg/mL convey an independent and additional prognostic value compared with a single determination of B-type natriuretic peptide in a large population of patients with chronic symptomatic heart failure and might be helpful in the management of these patients.     

Minimally-invasive versus transcatheter aortic valve implantation: systematic review with meta-analysis of propensity-matched studies

BackgroundMinimally invasive aortic valve replacement (MiAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) provide aortic valve replacement (AVR) by less invasive methods than conventional surgical AVR, by avoiding complete sternotomy. This study directly compares and analyses the available evidence for early outcomes between these two AVR methods.MethodsElectronic databases were searched from inception until August 2019 for studies comparing MiAVR to TAVI, according to predefined search criteria. Propensity-matched studies with sufficient data were included in a meta-analysis.ResultsEight studies with 9,744 patients were included in the quantitative analysis. Analysis of risk-matched patients showed no difference in early mortality (RR 0.76, 95% CI, 0.37–1.54, P=0.44). MiAVR had a signal towards lower rate of postoperative stroke, although this did not reach statistical significance (OR 0.42, 95% CI, 0.13–1.29, P=0.13). MiAVR had significantly lower rates of new pacemaker (PPM) requirement (OR 0.29, 95% CI, 0.16–0.52, P<0.0001) and postoperative aortic insufficiency (AI) or paravalvular leak (PVL) (OR 0.05, 95% CI, 0.01–0.20, P<0.0001) compared to TAVI, (OR 0.42, 95% CI, 0.13–1.29, P=0.13), while acute kidney injury (AKI) was higher in MiAVR compared to TAVI (11.1% vs. 5.2%, OR 2.28, 95% CI, 1.25–4.16, P=0.007).ConclusionsIn patients of equivalent surgical risk scores, MiAVR may be performed with lower rates of postoperative PPM requirement and AI/PVL, higher rates of AKI and no statistical difference in postoperative stroke or short-term mortality, compared to TAVI. Further prospective trials are needed to validate these results.     

Evaluating the best empirical antibiotic therapy in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Background/aimsSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a life-threatening complication of advanced cirrhosis. By studying the susceptibility of isolated organisms and analyzing empirical antibiotic therapy combined with clinical outcomes, we aimed to find an improved empirical antibiotic therapy by considering the individual acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) grade for patients with or without sepsis.MethodsClinical outcomes of 182 patients were assessed retrospectively with multivariable regression analysis. Each of the 223 isolates was individually evaluated regarding susceptibility results and intrinsic resistances.ResultsPiperacillin/tazobactam had the highest antimicrobial susceptibility among monotherapies/fixed combinations, which was significantly lower than combination therapies such as meropenem-linezolid (75.3% vs. 98.5%, P < 0.001). The sensitivity of pathogens to empirical antibiotic therapy correlated with significantly lower inpatient mortality (18.9% vs. 37.0%, P = 0.018), shorter inpatient stay (16.3 ± 10.2 vs. 26.4 ± 21.0 days, P = 0.053) and shorter intensive care treatment (2.1 ± 4.5 vs. 7.9 ± 15.4 days, P = 0.016). The largest difference of mortality was observed in patients with ACLF grade 3 (54.5% vs. 73.1% [sensitive vs. non-sensitive]).ConclusionAll SBP patients benefited from efficient empirical antibiotic therapy, regarding the reduced inpatient mortality and complications. For SBP patients with ACLF grade 3 without sepsis, the combination therapy with meropenem-linezolid may be suitable considering the susceptibility results and the concentration in the peritoneal cavity.