IL-1β基因多态性对RA患者PBMC IL-1β mRNA表达的影响

目的:探讨类风湿关节炎(RA)患者中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)基因多态对IL-1β mRNA表达的影响。方法: 应用荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测不同IL-1β基因型的RA病人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中IL-1β mRNA表达量的差异。结果: 携带IL-1β(-511)纯合子等位基因2组RA病人PBMC表达IL-1β mRNA量明显较非纯合子及正常人组为高(均P<0.01)。结论: IL-1β基因多态性改变对IL-1β mRNA的表达产生影响,IL-1β(-511)纯合子等位基因2促进了IL-1β mRNA的表达。     

溃疡性结肠炎的IL-1β、IL-1RA、LMP2基因多态性研究

目的研究溃疡性结肠炎(UC)病人的R-1β、IL-1RA、LMP2基因多态性,并分析其与抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(AN-CA)及临床分型的关系.方法用PCR-限制性片段多态性(PCR-FLP)方法和序列特异性引物-PCR(PCR-SSP)方法分别对81例UC病人和114名健康者进行IL-1β、LMP2和IL-1RA基因多态性分析.结果UC病人和健康者之间IL-1β、IL-1RA和LMP2各基因型和基因频率比较均无显著性差异(P＞0.05);当UC病人分为ANCA(+)组和ANCA(-)组后,发现ANCA(+)组IL-1RA等位基因2频率高于ANCA(-)组(13.7%对3.3%,P＜0.05),其它各基因型及基因频率比较,统计学上均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论中国汉族UC病人与IL-1β、IL-1RA、LMP2基因多态性无关联,但ANCA(+)UC病人IL-1RA等位基因2频率明显增加.     

雷公藤甲素抑制PBMC分泌IL-1β蛋白量与IL-1β基因多态性有关(英文)

 目的：探讨雷公藤甲素对外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）分泌白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）的抑制作用与IL-1β基因多态性的关系。 方法：采用PCR-RFLP法对31名健康志愿者IL-1β基因启动子区-511位点C-T多态性进行基因型检测，同时进行PBMC培养，用脂多糖（LPS）刺激培养细胞，并予以雷公藤甲素处理PBMC，收集培养上清液，ELISA法检测上清液中IL-1β的含量。 结果：携带IL-1β-511T/T纯合子基因型PBMC经LPS刺激后IL-1β的分泌量明显较非T/T纯合子为高(P<0.05)；雷公藤甲素能显著抑制LPS诱导的C/C和C/T基因型PBMC分泌IL-1β(P<0.05)，但对T/T基因型的抑制作用不明显(P>0.05)。 结论：IL-1β基因-511C-T多态性与IL-1β的分泌量相关，雷公藤甲素对不同基因型的IL-1β抑制作用有差异，这可能是导致雷公藤药理作用出现个体差异的原因之一。     

白介素-1受体拮抗剂基因多态性与散发性帕金森病的关系

目的探讨白介素-1受体拮抗剂（IL-1RA）基因多态性与帕金森病（PD）的关系。方法本实验用PCR-片段长度多态性分析法检测了89例中国散发性帕金森病病人和67例正常对照的白介素-1受体拮抗剂基因多态性。结果与对照组相比,PD组中IL-1RA基因VNTR多态性的A2等位基因有增加的趋势,但两者差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。帕金森病合并痴呆组（PDD组）中IL-1RA基因A2等位基因频率较非痴呆组（PDND组）有显著性增加（P〈0.05）,而且在PDD组中,IL-1RA基因A2/A2纯合子和A1/A2杂合子基因型频率较PDND组有显著性增加（P〈0.05）。结论IL-1RA基因多态性可能与我国人散发性帕金森病的发病无关,而与帕金森病并发痴呆发病过程中有关。     

TLR4基因T399I 多态性通过调节IL-1α和TNF-α表达影响结直肠癌的发生

 目的：研究Toll样受体4（TLR4）多态性与结直肠癌相关性及可能的机制。方法：聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性 （PCR-RFLP）检测268名结直肠癌患者和268名健康对照个体TLR4 A896G、D299G和T399I多态性位点基因型,ELISA方法检测结直肠癌组织匀浆中白细胞介素1α（IL-1α）、IL-8、转化生长因子β（TGF-β）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）蛋白水平。结果：TLR4 A896G和D299G多态性基因型在病例-对照组中频率无显著性差异,T399I CT合并TT基因型显著增加结直肠癌的患病风险,而携带T399I T等位基因的个体患病风险是C等位基因个体的1.843倍;IL-1α和TNF-α浓度在T399I CT合并TT基因型个体结直肠癌组织中的表达显著高于T399I CC基因型个体。结论：TLR4 T399I可能通过调控结直肠癌组织中IL-1α和TNF-α的表达促进结直肠癌发生。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂IL-1ra基因多态性

目的探讨白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂内含子2可变串联重复序列基因多态性与慢性乙型肝炎相关性.方法利用聚合酶链式反应技术对56例慢性乙型肝炎及100例正常对照者的白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂基因进行扩增.结果慢性乙型肝炎患者IL-1ra基因频率:IL1RN1/1 0.8214,IL1RN1/2 0.1607,IL1RN1/4 0.0179,IL-1ra等位基因频率:IL1RN*1 0.9107,IL1RN*2 0.0804,IL1RN*4 0.0089,与正常对照组无明显差异(p>0.05).结论慢性乙型肝炎患者IL-1ra基因多态性的分布与正常人无明显差异.     

阿托伐他汀通过下调NLRP1炎性体表达抑制IL-1β和IL-18的释放

 目的:探讨核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白1(NLRP1)炎性体在阿托伐他汀抑制THP-1巨噬细胞白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和白细胞介素-18(IL-18)分泌中的作用。方法:用10 μg/L脂多糖诱导THP-1巨噬细胞分泌IL-1β和IL-18,以不同浓度阿托伐他汀(1、10和20 μmol/L)孵育细胞24 h,或以10 μmol/L阿托伐他汀处理细胞不同时间(12、24和48 h),或转染NLRP1 siRNA以沉默细胞内NLRP1的表达。采用RT-PCR检测细胞内NLRP1炎性体mRNA的表达,Western blot检测细胞内NLRP1炎性体蛋白的表达,ELISA检测细胞上清液中IL-1β和IL-18的含量。结果:阿托伐他汀可抑制THP-1巨噬细胞NLRP1炎性体mRNA和蛋白的表达,且这种效应呈浓度和时间依赖性。转染NLRP1 siRNA后,THP-1巨噬细胞NLRP1的蛋白表达明显下降,且阿托伐他汀对IL-1β和IL-18分泌的抑制作用明显增强。结论:阿托伐他汀通过抑制NLRP1炎性体表达减少巨噬细胞IL-1β和IL-18的释放,发挥抗炎作用,进而延缓动脉粥样硬化进展。     

经皮三叉神经电刺激减轻戊四氮诱导的大鼠癫痫发作并抑制海马内IL-1β和TNF-α的表达

 目的:探讨经皮三叉神经电刺激预处理对戊四氮（PTZ）诱发的急性癫痫大鼠的行为学及海马致痫细胞因子白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的影响。方法:动物随机分为对照组、致痫组（PTZ组）和经皮三叉神经电刺激组,分别给予7 d、14 d和28 d的假刺激和三叉神经电刺激预处理后,腹腔注射PTZ 建立急性癫痫动物模型,观察给药后大鼠癫痫行为学表现,并分别用免疫组织化学方法及ELISA方法对海马IL-1β、TNF-α进行检测。结果:经皮三叉神经电刺激可以明显减轻大鼠的痫性发作级别,减少癫痫发作持续的时间（P<0.05）, 且海马细胞因子IL-1β及TNF-α的表达明显少于PTZ组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论:经皮三叉神经电刺激预处理在PTZ 急性点燃癫痫大鼠模型中不仅具有抗惊厥作用, 还可以减少海马致痫细胞因子IL-1β及TNF-α的表达,可能为癫痫的防治带来新的策略。       

老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者CRP与TNF-α、IL-1β相关性研究

目的:观察老年冠心病不同类型患者中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)水平变化及其与C反应蛋白(CRP)之间的关系, 进一步探讨急性冠状动脉综合征临床识别和预测的炎症指标。方法:采用放射免疫分析法测定血清TNF-α、IL-1β和CRP的浓度。结果:急性冠脉综合征患者(ACS)TNF-α和IL-1β水平均显著高于对照(P＜0.05, P＜0.01)和稳定性冠心病(SCHD)患者(P＜0.05, P＜0.01)。ACS患者CRP水平显著高于SCHD组和对照组。CRP水平与TNF-α呈显著正相关(r＝0.545, P＜0.01);与IL-1β亦呈明显正相关(r＝0.31, P＜0.05)。TNF-α水平受甘油三酯(r=0.66, P＜0.01)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(r=0.53, P＜0.01)等因素影响。结论:老年冠心病患者细胞因子表达异常与炎性标志物CRP密切相关, 提示可能与急性冠脉综合症的发生有关, 是动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的标志。     

单核巨噬细胞对肾小管上皮细胞的活化作用及其机制初探

目的:观察外周血单核巨噬细胞(MO/MAC)条件培养基(M-CM)对肾小管上皮细胞(RTEC)直接作用的生物学效应并探讨可能的作用机制。方法:应用正常人外周血M-CM刺激人近端肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2),以[³H]-TdR掺入法检测HK-2细胞DNA合成、Westernblot法检测骨桥蛋白(OPN)和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)表达、间接抑制ELISA法检测纤连蛋白(FN)分泌。进一步采用白细胞介素-10(IL-10)和转化生长因子-β₁(TGF-β₁)中和抗体进行拮抗。结果:①M-CM可促进HK-2细胞DNA合成、α-SMA表达及FN分泌。②TGF-β₁中和抗体(5mg/L)与M-CM同时作用于HK-2细胞,其α-SMA表达和FN分泌均明显低于M-CM单独作用组。③IL-10(20μg/L)与M-CM同时作用组的HK-2细胞,α-SMA表达和FN分泌亦明显低于M-CM组;IL-10预孵育MO/MAC组,HK-2细胞α-SMA表达也明显低于M-CM组。结论:单核巨噬细胞可直接诱导肾小管上皮细胞增殖、表型转化以及分泌细胞外基质增加;其分泌的TGF-β₁及炎性细胞因子可能参与介导上述效应。     

Relationship of polymorphisms of the Interleukin-1 gene cluster to occurrence and severity of rheumatoid arthritis

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated whether IotaL-1 gene locus polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to or severity of RA. Genotyping for IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-1Ra single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) performed in a cross-sectional group of 312 consecutive RA patients (RA-group 1) and a cohort of 94 incident female RA patients (RA-group 2) revealed that the rare IL-1RN + 2017 C allele was significantly increased in RA compared to controls (n = 245). A retrospective analysis in RA-group 1 showed no significant associations between IL-1 genotypes and disease severity. A prospective study in RA-group 2 demonstrated that the extent of joint destruction over 12 years was higher in patients genotyped heterozygous for the IL-1 A + 4845, IL-1B + 3953 and IL-1RN + 5111 SNPs compared to homozygous wildtype patients, although differences did not reach statistical significance. These data indicate that the IL-1RN + 2017 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to RA.     

The polymorphic IL-1B and IL-1RN genes in the aetiopathogenesis of peptic ulcer

Besides environmental factors, the genetic background of an individual may contribute to the development and final outcome of peptic ulcer disease. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) are cytokines that play a key role in modulating the inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal mucosa. This study aimed to investigate whether polymorphisms in the IL-1B and IL-RN genes are involved in the susceptibility to and final outcome of peptic ulcer disease. DNA from 179 unrelated Spanish Caucasian patients with peptic ulcer diseases and 99 ethnically matched healthy controls was typed for the TaqI polymorphism at position + 3954 in the IL-1B gene and the variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism in intron 2 of the IL-1RN gene. The determination of Helicobacter pylori status and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) use was studied in all patients and in controls. H. pylori infection and NSAID use were more frequent in ulcer patients than in controls. There were no significant differences in carriage rate, genotype and allele frequencies of the IL-1RN and the IL-1B(+3954) gene polymorphisms between peptic ulcer patients and controls. However, a strong allelic association between IL-1B and IL-1RN genes was found in duodenal ulcer patients (P < 0.0006). Logistic regression identified H. pylori infection and NSAIDs use as independent risk factors for peptic ulcer diseases whereas the simultaneous carriage of IL-1B(+3954) allele 2 and IL-1RN allele 2 was associated with reduced risk for duodenal ulcer disease (OR: 0.37, 95% CI = 0.14-0.9). Our data suggest that IL-1B and IL-1RN genes in addition to bacterial and environmental factors play a key role in determining the final outcome of peptic ulcer disease.     

中国汉族人群IL-1RA基因多态性及其与宫颈癌的相关性研究

目的 研究位于白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂基因（interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1RA）第二个内含子中可变串连重复序列（variable number of tandem repeats, VNTR）多态性在中国3个汉族人群中的分布情况,并探讨其与宫颈癌的发生关系。方法 采用PCR方法分别对3个汉族人群206例个体以及42例宫颈癌患者和45例对照进行多态性检测,扩增产物进行2％的琼脂糖电泳。结果 三个汉族群体的基因型以A1/A1和A1/A2最为常见。等位基因以A1频率最高,A2次之,群体间的差异是不显著的（P＞0.05）。与美、英高加索人群相比,A1 的频率明显偏高,A2明显偏低,而与非洲黑人相近。在宫颈癌患者和正常对照人群中,该多态位点的等位基因和基因型频率均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 IL-1RA第二个内含子中 VNTR多态性在不同种族间的分布存在着明显的差异,但与中国东北地区宫颈癌的发生可能无直接相关性。     

Presence of the IL-1RA Allele 2 (IL1RN*2) is Associated with Enhanced IL-1β Production In Vitro

The genes of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) complex code for three proteins: IL-1α, IL-1β and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). Each of these genes is polymorphic and there is increasing evidence that certain alleles are associated with increased susceptibility to a given disease of inflammatory nature. In the IL-1β gene there are two base-exchange polymorphisms in positions −511 and +3953, and IL-1RA gene has a penta-allelic polymorphic site in intron 2 containing variable numbers of an 86-bp tandem repeat sequence. As the IL-1β/IL-1RA ratio may be critical in the regulation of inflammation, we examined whether there are allelic associations between these loci (thus suggesting co-ordinate regulation) and whether these have an effect on the in vitro production of IL-1β. We found that the IL-1RA allele 2 (IL1RN*2) is associated with the presence of allele 2 of the IL-1β gene (position −511) and with the absence of allele 2 of the IL-1β gene (position +3953). Mononuclear cells from carriers of allele 2 (position −511) and non-carriers of allele 2 (position +3953) had a slight, but non-significant, elevated capacity to produce IL-1β in vitro . However, IL-1RA allele 2 strongly increased in vitro production of IL-1β, regardless of the presence or absence of these alleles. Taken together, these data suggest that the known allelisms in the IL-1β gene are not major regulators of the in vitro IL-1β production, but the IL-1RA allele 2 (or an unknown allele strongly associated with it) has a decisive role.     

IL-1B and IL-1Ra gene polymorphisms and disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis: interaction with their plasma levels

The balance between interleukin-1 (IL-1) and its competitive antagonist IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) may contribute to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We analysed the frequency of different alleles in the IL-1B gene (at -511 and at +3954) as well as in the IL-1Ra gene (at +2018) in an association study involving 297 RA patients and 112 healthy controls from the same geographic area. We tested associations with RA susceptibility or severity, and with circulating levels of IL-1Ra and IL-1beta. Carriage of the rare IL-1B (+3954) allele 2 was increased in destructive arthritis (DRA) as compared to non-destructive arthritis (NDRA) (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.8, 49.0% vs 35.9%) and controls (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.8, 35.8%). Patients carrying this allele had a more destructive (Larsen wrist radiological index: mean +/- s.e.m., 2.1 +/- 0.2 vs 1.6 +/- 0.1, P = 0.005; Steinbrocker functional index: 2.4 +/- 0.1 vs 1.9 +/- 0.1, P = 0.002) and active disease (Ritchie articular index: 8.1 +/- 0.8 vs 5.3 +/- 0.6, P = 0.002; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): 36.6 +/- 2.9 mm/h vs 25.3 +/- 1.8 mm/h, P = 0.002). This contribution was independent from that of HLA DR4/DR1 to severity. IL-1Ra plasma levels adjusted to ESR values were significantly lower in IL-1B2 (+3954) positive than negative RA patients (1.0 +/- 0.1 vs 1.2 +/- 0.1 ng/ml, P = 0.01). This IL-1B (+3954) gene polymorphism may be an important marker for the severity of joint destruction in RA and is associated with an imbalance in IL-1Ra production. As this genetic association was independent and additive to the risk of HLA DR4/DR1 status, it could be a useful addition to HLA-DR4/1 as a genetic prognostic marker early in the course of the disease.     

Impact of IL-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism on schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

OBJECTIVES: Variable levels of cytokines were observed in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and an especially high level of interleukin-1 (IL-1) was detected in schizophrenia patients. It is known that IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) binds to IL-1 receptors and inhibits the receptor binding of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta. METHODS: In this study, the association between the variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism of the IL-1RA gene and schizophrenia (n=269) and bipolar disorder (n=83) was investigated. RESULTS: The genotype distribution and allele frequency were significantly different between schizophrenic patients and the control group (P<0.05); however, there were no prominent differences between bipolar patients and the control group. The carriage rate for the IL1RN*2 allele was associated with higher risk of schizophrenia (odds ratio=2.24). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that IL-1RA could be a candidate gene for susceptibility to schizophrenia.     

Taq-I polymorphism in 3'UTR of the IL-12B and association with IL-12p40 production from human PBMC

A wide array of studies has demonstrated differences in genotype and allele frequencies of cytokine gene polymorphisms depending on ethnicity and race. In this study, the frequency of Taq-I polymorphism in 3' untranslated region of IL-12B was investigated in two Bulgarian ethnic groups-Bulgarians and Turkish minority. No significant differences of genotype and allele frequencies were observed between these groups. Genotype distribution in the total group of Bulgarian citizens was: AA (61%), CA (32%) and CC (7%), and the allele frequency of 16974 A allele was 0.77. We also evaluated whether this polymorphism affects IL-12p40 production from human PBMC after stimulation. We demonstrated that association between genotype and IL-12p40 production by stimulated PBMC depends on the stimuli used. Our results indicated a significantly decreased IL-12 p40 secretion for the following order of genotypes: AA>CA>CC, after stimulation of PBMC with C3-binding glycoprotein (C3bgp) in contrast to lipopolysaccharide, phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen.     

TRPC6在IL-1β诱导类风湿关节炎成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞增殖中的作用

目的:应用RNA干扰技术研究瞬时受体电位通道6(TRPC6)对IL-1β诱导的类风湿关节炎(RA)成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞(RA-FLS)增殖的影响。方法:RT-qPCR法检测RA和骨关节炎(OA)患者滑膜组织中TRPC6 mRNA的表达水平。组织块联合酶消化法培养RA-FLS。流式细胞术鉴定RA-FLS。将不同浓度(0、0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8、16μg/L)的重组人IL-1β与RA-FLS共培养36 h,CCK-8法检测细胞活力的改变;16μg/L的IL-1β作用RA-FLS不同时间(12、24、36、48、60、72 h),CCK-8法检测细胞活力的改变。特异性TRPC6-siRNA转染RA-FLS后,采用RT-qPCR和Western blotting检测沉默效率。在IL-1β存在和不存在的条件下,CCK-8法、Ed U标记法和流式细胞术检测TRPC6干扰组与对照组的细胞活力、Ed U阳性细胞比率和(G_2/M+S)期比率的差异。结果:RA患者滑膜组织中TRPC6的mRNA表达水平相对于OA患者明显增加(P0.05)。TRPC6-siRNA能显著降低RA-FLS中TRPC6 mRNA和蛋白的表达(P0.05)。IL-1β能诱导RA-FLS增殖(P0.05)。沉默TRPC6后,在IL-1β的诱导环境下,特异性干扰组RA-FLS的活力、Ed U阳性细胞比率和(G_2/M+S)期比率与空白组和对照组相比均明显降低(P0.05),而在不含IL-1β的条件下,干扰组与空白组和对照组相比差异均无统计学显著性。结论:TRPC6参与IL-1β诱导的RA-FLS增殖过程,沉默TRPC6能降低IL-1β诱导的RA-FLS增殖水平。