正常人新环境中睡眠第一晚效应研究

本研究旨在观察睡眠实验室的睡眠环境和实验操作对正常人新环境中第一晚睡眠的影响。描记１９例正常人在新环境中连续两晚的多导睡眠图。结果发现，第一晚的睡眠潜伏期延长，睡眠效率下降，深睡期和快动眼睡眠期减少。提示正常人的第一晚效应是存在的。     

失眠症患者主客观睡眠状况分析

目的：探讨失眠症患者主客观睡眠状况及其临床意义。方法：对71例失眠症患者及27例正常对照者进行睡眠调查及全夜多导睡眠图(PSG)检测。结果：失眠症组主观入睡时间、醒觉次数、睡眠潜伏期的评估值较PSG检测值显著增高;主客观入睡时间的评估显著不一致。结论：失眠症患者对失眠障碍主客观评估不一致,在临床诊断时应引起重视。     

失眠症患者多导睡眠图的临床研究

目的:失眠症患者多导睡眠图(PSG)的临床分析。方法:应用PSG技术对92例失眠症患者(失眠症组)和83名正常对照者(NC组)进行PSG全夜监测;比较、分析两组睡眠进程指标：总记录时间(TRT)、睡眠潜伏期(SL)、醒起时间(EMAT)、醒觉时间(ATA)、运动觉醒时间(MAT)、醒觉次数(AT)、睡眠总时间(TSA)、觉睡比(A/TSA)、睡眠效率(SE)、睡眠维持率(SMT)、快速动眼睡眠(REM)测量值[REM的潜伏期(RL)、活动度(RA)、强度(RI)、密度(RD)、时间(RT)、周期数(NRP)]及睡眠结构[第1阶段睡眠(S1)、第2阶段睡眠(S2)、第3、4阶段睡眠(S3+S4)。结果:(1)睡眠进程：与NC组相比,失眠症组SL显著延迟,EMAT、ATA、MAT、AT和A/TSA显著增加,TSA、SE和SMT显著减少(P<0.05或P<0.01);(2)REM测量值：与NC组相比,失眠症组RL显著前移,RT显著减少(P均<0.01);(3)睡眠结构：与NC组相比,失眠症组S1显著增多,S2和S3+S4显著减少(P<0.05和P<0.01)。失...     

失眠症患者睡眠质量及多导睡眠图研究

目的调查分析失眠症患者主、客观睡眠状况及睡眠质量。方法采用睡眠状况自评量表和多导睡眠图监测仪对27例失眠症患者和20例正常对照组分别进行睡眠质量评定和整夜多导睡眠图描记,次日晨完成早晨问卷。结果失眠症组睡眠问题多于对照组(P<0.01)。失眠症组总睡眠时间(TST),睡眠效率、REM睡眠时间、睡眠维持率、N3时间、N3%均低于对照组(P<0.05或0.01),睡后觉醒时间、觉醒次数、N2%、觉睡比、微觉醒总时间均高于对照组(P<0.01)。失眠症组入睡困难因子与睡眠维持率负相关(r=-0.44,P<0.05),与微觉醒总时间正相关(r=0.49,P<0.05);服药情况因子与觉醒次数、睡眠潜伏期、REM潜伏期、N2时间及N2%正相关(r=0.41～0.66,P<0.05或0.01),与REM睡眠时间及比例、N3时间及N3%负相关(r=-0.53～-0.41,P<0.05或0.01)。SRSS总分与N2%正相关(r=0.47,P<0.05),与睡眠维持率负相关(r=-0.41,P<0.05)。失眠症组的主观睡眠潜伏期大于客观睡眠潜伏期(P<0.01),主观总睡眠时间少于客观睡眠时间(P<0.01),而对照组主客观睡眠潜伏期、睡眠时间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论失眠症患者的睡眠质量比较差,存在入睡过长、频繁觉醒、深睡眠及REM睡眠减少等睡眠问题。同时对自身睡眠状况的评价存在主、客观的不平衡,失眠症患者有过分估计自己失眠的特点。     

失眠症患者睡眠质量的主观评估与多导睡眠图参数对比分析

目的 探讨失眠症患者对睡眠质量的主观评估,并通过对多导睡眠图(PSG)睡眠参数的定量分析,对失眠症患者的睡眠状况进行客观评估,进一步将二者进行对比分析.方法 对失眠症患者和健康人各100例运用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷(PSQI)进行评定,并分别进行多导睡眠图的整夜睡眠描记,次日晨起后询问夜间睡眠情况.结果 失眠症组PSQI各成分得分及总分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).与对照组相比,失眠症组的睡眠潜伏期(min)延长(失眠症组43.69±11.54,对照组16.01±10.44)、总睡眠时间(min)减少(失眠症组314.65±91.89,对照组446.41±77.81)、睡眠效率降低(失眠症组64.51%±18.59%,对照组91.32%±3.58%)、快眼动睡眠时间(min)减少(失眠症组33.26±15.61,对照组93.21±21.63),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).失眠症组对总睡眠时间的评估较PSG检测值显著减低、对睡眠潜伏期的评估较PSG检测值显著增高,自我评估与实际睡眠情况不一致.结论 失眠症患者睡眠质量较差.失眠症患者的PSG各睡眠参数有特征性的改变,利用PSG检查发现失眠症患者对失眠情况的主客观评估不一致,存在过高估价睡眠潜伏期和过低估价睡眠时间的倾向.     

脑梗死和失眠症患者的多导睡眠图对照研究

为探讨脑梗死和失眠症患睡眠参数改变的生物学特点,对30例脑梗死和30例失眠症患及22名正常人,采用多导睡眠图进行通宵睡眠描记,对照分析相关睡眠参数。结果,脑梗死组和失眠症组均有睡眠潜伏期延长,夜间觉醒次数多,总睡眠时间减少,深睡眠和REM睡眠及REM活动度降低的特点（P＜0．05－0．01）,脑梗死组和失眠症组有关睡眠参数比较也具有差异性（P＜0．05－0．01）。提示,脑梗死组和失眠症组两睡眠参数皆有特征性改变,这些改变特点是脑梗死和失眠症睡眠障碍的病理生理学基础。     

多导睡眠图导向下Quisi检测法的建立及其在失眠症中的应用

目的在多导睡眠图引导下建立Quisi快速检测法,并探讨Quisi在失眠症诊断中的价值.方法对39例失眠症患者和33名正常受试者同时作Quisi和多导睡眠图(PSG)检测.并以日本SEEG-1518K为检测标准,与德国Quisi进行比较研究.结果 (1)在33名正常对照组中,除暂停、伪迹和第3、第4阶段4项睡眠参数Quisi和PSG两工具不能比较外,其他12项指标比较差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).39例失眠症组Quisi和PSG两工具比较见相同结果.(2)在多导睡眠图导向下,失眠症组与正常对照组Quisi比较,主要见实际睡眠时间减少[分别为361.0±29.4 min和462.9±21.2 min,P＜0.01],睡眠潜伏期长[分别为33.3±17.9 min和20.2±9.6 min,P＜0.01],醒觉时间长[分别为38.0±15.9 min和18.9±5.7 min,P＜0.01],睡眠效率低[分别为84.3±9.1 min和95.0±4.9 min,P＜0.01],第一阶段睡眠百分比高[分别为26.4±15.5 min和9.0±1.8 min,P＜0.01],第三阶段睡眠百分比低[分别为6.2±3.9 min和10.9±3.7 min,P＜0.01]和伪迹百分比高[分别为7.5±2.1 min和2.8±1.1 min,P＜0.01].结论 Quisi检测失眠症作用与PSG相似,在心理咨询、外出巡诊和家庭病床上有应用前途.运用Quisi技术评估失眠症患者的睡眠生理学异常,更为快速简便和客观科学.     

女性失眠症患者心理健康状况及相关因素分析

目的探讨女性失眠症患者心理健康状况及其影响因素,为改善其心理健康提供参考。方法选取2012年1月-6月在中山大学附属第三医院就诊的符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)诊断标准的女性失眠症患者42例,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)评定患者睡眠质量、心理健康状况、人格特征,并分别对SCL-90和PSQI、EPQ评分进行相关分析。结果除人际关系敏感因子外,42例患者的SCL-90总评分及其他8个因子评分均高于常模,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01);PSQI总评分及7个因子评分、SAS、SDS评分均高于常模,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01);PSQI的睡眠质量因子评分与SCL-90总评分及其9个因子评分均呈正相关(r=0.605～0.934,P均0.01);EPQ的精神质因子评分与SCL-90总评分及其8个因子评分(除恐怖因子外)均呈正相关(r=0.413～0.725,P0.05或0.01),神经质因子评分与SCL-90总评分及其9个因子评分均呈正相关(r=0.642～0.868,P均0.01)。结论女性失眠症患者的心理健康状况较差且常伴有焦虑、抑郁症状,其心理健康状况与睡眠质量和个性特征相关。     

三唑仑对失眠症患者睡眠脑电的影响

目的应用多导睡眠图(PSG)探讨三唑仑对失眠症患者睡眠脑电活动的影响.方法对28例失眠症患者连续进行4夜PSG描记,其中第3、4晚上睡前予0.5mg三唑仑,观察用药后PSG的变化.正常对照组33名,作2夜适应和基础PSG监测.结果失眠症患者服用三唑仑后夜间PSG显示睡眠效率提高[基线睡眠值(86±9)%,第3晚服药后(91±8)%,第4晚服药后(92±4)%,F值6.143,P＜0.01],觉醒时间减少[同前,(39±17)min,(29±8)min,(23±7)min,F值13.211,P＜0.01],S1减少[同前,(31±18)%,(23±11)%,(16±6)%,F值9.707,P＜0.01],S2增加[同前,(45±17)%,(59±18)%,(60±6)%,F值10.104,P＜0.01],睡眠潜伏期缩短[同前,(35±18)min,(28±17)min,(21±11)min,t值4.947,P＜0.05].结论短半衰期催眠药三唑仑不仅能改善患者对睡眠的主观评价,还对夜间睡眠脑电有影响.     

脑卒中患者的睡眠障碍及其相关因素分析

目的探讨脑卒中患者睡眠障碍的情况及其影响因素。方法选择526例脑卒中急性期住院病人,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷(PSQI)、神经功能缺损程度评分(NDS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)进行调查。结果在526例脑卒中患者中,睡眠障碍患者(PSQI总分>7分者)341例(64.8%)。睡眠障碍患者与非睡眠障碍患者在性别、年龄、SCL-90、NDS和ADL评分方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。多元逐步回归分析显示,睡眠障碍与患者的性别、年龄、精神状态、神经功能缺损程度、日常生活能力、脑卒中的部位及病变范围大小密切相关。结论脑卒中患者睡眠障碍的发生率较高,要改善脑卒中后的睡眠障碍,除了防止脑卒中外,还需要患者自身有良好的心理状态,改善睡眠有助于患者神经功能缺损的康复和生存质量的提高。     

The influence of placebo administration on the first- night effect in patients with insomnia disorder

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the effects of placebo on the first-night effect (FNE) in insomniacs.MethodsIn sum, 36 patients with insomnia disorder who met the DSM-5 criteria were enrolled in this study. Sixteen patients with insomnia disorder were given two days of placebo intervention (placebo-administration group, PL). Twenty patients with insomnia disorder (drug-free group, DF) were not given any interventions. All participants underwent two consecutive nights of polysomnographic (PSG) testing in the sleep laboratory. Sleep diaries were recorded during one week at home before the PSG nights and on two subsequent nights.ResultsThe results demonstrated that compared with the DF group, sleep onset latency (SOL), time in bed (TIB) and wake after sleep onset (WASO) significantly increased and sleep efficiency (SE) significantly decreased in the first sleep lab night in the PL group (all p < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the second night, significant differences were observed in lower self-reported total sleep time (TST) and more subjective WASO during the first night in the PL group (all p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found in the duration and percentage of N1, N2, N3 and REM between the two groups.ConclusionIn patients with insomnia disorder, placebo administration may increase the occurrence of worse sleep without causing a change in the duration and percentage of N1, N2, N3 and REM on the first sleep lab night. In some cases, a placebo may not serve as treatment but may result in a nocebo effect.     

抗精神病药治疗精神分裂症引致糖尿病的相关因素分析

目的　探讨抗精神病药物治疗精神分裂症引致糖尿病的相关因素。方法　回顾性调查住院精神分裂症患者中糖尿病的患病情况 ,观察治疗前后血糖的变化 ,比较各种抗精神病药物对糖代谢异常的影响。结果　本组患者中糖尿病的发生率为 7 84 % ;男女性别比较无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;病程 <10年与≥ 2 0年组比较及年龄<4 0岁与≥ 4 0岁组比较 ,糖尿病发生率均有极显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。抗精神病药引发糖尿病的发生率依次为 :氯氮平 (14 16 % )、氯丙嗪 (7 4 1% )、利培酮 (6 5 4 % )和其它 (5 5 8% )。氯氮平组与利培酮组比较 ,糖尿病发生率和空腹血糖均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,餐后 2h血糖亦有极显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论　精神分裂症合并糖尿病与患病年龄、病程有关系 ,5 0岁以上患者发生糖尿病的危险性更大。氯氮平引发糖尿病的发生率明显高于其它抗精神病药物 ,且餐后血糖控制不良。     

Cat sleep: A unique first night effect

Longitudinal sleep studies in chronically implanted cats revealed a unique first night effect. Unlike other species, during the first 24 hr of sleep recording, the electroencephalogram and reticular formation multiple unit activity revealed more rapid eye movement sleep occurred than during subsequent 24 hr recording sessions. In addition, higher rapid eye movement to slow wave sleep ratios were observed for the first 24 hr as compared to the following days. An increase in wakefulness and decrease in slow wave sleep occurred on the third recording day as compared to the initial 24 hr period. These data have important implications for studies of variables on the sleep pattern of animals.     

Psychological and health-related quality of life factors associated with insomnia in a population-based sample

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationship of psychological and health-related quality of life variables to insomnia in a population-based sample. METHODS: Data were derived from a longitudinal epidemiological study assessing the natural history of insomnia. The present results are based on the first of four postal evaluations conducted over a 2-year period. Participants (n=953) completed questionnaires assessing sleep, psychological and personality variables, and health-related factors. Participants were categorized into three sleep status subgroups using an algorithm based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition diagnostic criteria for insomnia: (1) insomnia syndrome (n=147), (2) insomnia symptoms (n=308), and (3) good sleepers (n=493). RESULTS: Compared to individuals with insomnia symptoms and good sleepers, individuals with insomnia syndrome presented lower quality of life and higher scores on measures of depression, anxiety, neuroticism, extraversion, arousal predisposition, stress perception, and emotion-oriented coping. The same pattern was observed for individuals with insomnia symptoms in comparison with good sleepers. An ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of a past episode of insomnia, higher depressive symptoms, and lower scores on the 12-item Short Form Health Survey vitality and role physical subscales were the most useful variables to predict subgroups membership. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that insomnia is associated with increased psychological symptomatology and perceived stress, higher predisposition to arousal, and more impairment of health quality. Longitudinal follow-ups are now being conducted to assess the relative contribution of those variables in the development and natural course of insomnia.     

Prevalence of insomnia and associated factors in South Korea

INTRODUCTION: In Western countries, insomnia is associated with daytime impaired functioning, as well as physical and psychiatric illnesses. However, little information exists on insomnia in Asian countries. This study investigates the prevalence and correlates of insomnia in the general population of South Korea. METHODS: A representative sample of the South Korean general population composed of 3719 noninstitutionalized individuals aged 15 years or older were interviewed by telephone using the Sleep-EVAL system. The participation rate was 91.4%. The interviews covered sleep habits, sleep symptomatology, physical and psychiatric illnesses. DSM-IV sleep and psychiatric disorder diagnoses were also assessed. RESULTS: Insomnia symptoms occurring at least three nights per week were reported by 17.0% of the sample; difficulty initiating sleep (DIS) was mentioned by 4.0% of the sample, difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS) by 11.5%, early morning awakenings (EMA) by 1.8%, and nonrestorative sleep (NRS) by 4.7% of the sample. DSM-IV insomnia disorder diagnoses were found in 5% of the sample. Over 50% of subjects with insomnia symptoms reported important daytime consequences and another 20% reported mild or moderate consequences. However, the proportion of insomnia subjects seeking medical help for their sleep problems was very low (6.8%). CONCLUSIONS: As in Western countries, insomnia is widespread in South Korea, affecting nearly one in five individuals. Many of them would benefit from medical help; however, few insomnia subjects are consulting for this problem. An educational effort is needed for both the general population and the physicians.     

Effects of after-midnight intake of zolpidem and temazepam on driving ability in women with non-organic insomnia

BACKGROUND: Occasionally, insomniac patients may take a sleeping pill after midnight. This may have consequences on their ability to drive a car and result in an increased risk of car accidents. METHODS: This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, three-treatment three-period cross-over study investigated the effects of two frequently prescribed hypnotics of different classes in a real life condition on driving performance and psychomotor skills in insomniac women. Single doses of zolpidem 10 mg (Z), temazepam 20 mg (T) or placebo (P) were administered at 2:00 a.m. to 19 women aged 35-60 years in three treatment periods separated by wash-out periods of 3-14 days. After polysomnography at baseline and each treatment night, patients underwent, 5.5 h after drug intake at 7:30 a.m. on the next morning, a STISIM driving simulator test, and a subsequent neuropsychological test (FePsy). RESULTS: Eighteen insomniac women were included in the analysis (mean age 50 years, mean weight 69 kg, mean BMI 25.6 kg/m2). There were no differences between treatments for the primary outcome measure (mean time to collision; baseline: 0.120 s, P: 0.124, T: 0.118, Z: 0.124; P> or =0.12 for all pairwise comparisons). No differences were recorded for speed deviation and reaction time to tasks for the verum treatments, however, lane position deviation was greater after administration of zolpidem in comparison to both placebo and temazepam (P=0.025 and 0.05, respectively). There were no differences between treatments in the FePsy test. Both medications were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: 5.5 h after drug administration there were no major differences in psychomotor performances between both zolpidem and temazepam compared to placebo, which indicates the absence of significant residual effects at that time. However, certain patients were more susceptible than others to the drug effects (two patients with high number of collisions). This underlines the necessity to strongly advocate against the late intake of hypnotics if patients intend to drive a car early the next morning.     

酸枣仁汤对失眠症疗效及血浆褪黑素水平的影响

目的探讨酸枣仁汤对失眠症的疗效及对血浆褪黑素水平的影响。方法选用酸枣仁汤治疗失眠症,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）量表评定睡眠状况,采用放射免疫法测定血浆褪黑素水平,观察其治疗前后的变化,并与正常对照进行比较,统计分析分别采用t检验、F检验和直线相关分析。结果治疗前患者PSQI总分明显高于正常对照组（f=3．282,P=0．002）,治疗后患者PSQI总分下降（r=2．371,P=0．007）;患者组治疗前、治疗后和正常对照组血浆MT水平分别为（45．81±13．23）pg／ml、（49．01±16．53）pg／ml和（54．86±18．35）pg／ml,组间比较有差异显著意义（F=5．004．P=0．009）,治疗前明显低于正常对照组和治疗后MT水平;治疗前MT水平与PSQI总分、睡眠质量因子分、入睡时间因子分分剐呈负相关关系（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论酸枣仁汤治疗失眠有明显的疗效,其作用机制可能与MT水平调节有关。     

新冠肺炎疫情下失眠人群心理特征及失眠的相关因素

目的 调查新冠肺炎疫情下失眠人群的心理特征及失眠的相关因素,为改善失眠人群心理健康状况提供参考。方法 采用阿森斯失眠量表（AIS）于2020年1月-3月对某市居民进行测评,AIS评分>6分者为失眠组（n=216）,AIS评分<4分者为非失眠组（n=105）,采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对两组居民进行评定,并收集其社会人口学资料。结果 失眠组SCL-90的躯体化、人际关系敏感、敌对、恐怖及精神病性因子评分均高于非失眠组（Z=2.035~2.323,P均<0.05）。Spearman相关分析显示,失眠组AIS总评分与SCL-90的强迫症状、人际关系敏感及偏执因子评分均呈正相关（r=0.153、0.140、0.159,P均<0.05）。结论 新冠肺炎疫情下,失眠人群存在躯体化、人际关系敏感、敌对、恐怖及精神病性等心理问题,其失眠的严重程度与强迫、人际关系敏感及偏执等相关。     

60例失眠患者抑郁情况及心理因素分析

目的 调查失眠患者的抑郁情况及心理状态.方法 60例失眠症患者为失眠组,对照组为在本院体检的无睡眠障碍的健康人60例,所有调查对象自愿填写并完成各个评价量表,包括症状自评量表、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表和A型行为类型问卷.结果 失眠组症状自评表中10个调查项目均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.失眠组焦虑情况与抑郁情况评分显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.失眠组A-、A和M型显著高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（χ2=10.21,P＜0.001; χ2=6.53,P＜0.05; χ2=18.77,P＜0.001）.结论 失眠患者多伴焦虑和抑郁,应主要采用心理干预,辅以抗焦虑、抗抑郁药物及调整患者人格,以改善患者睡眠情况.