内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的应用

目的 分析内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的价值及其安全性.方法 对我院呼吸内科及重症医学科2010年4月至2013年4月收治的92例不明原因胸腔积液患者行内科胸腔镜检查,观察胸膜病变,直视下病变处多部位活检并行病理检查.结果 92例胸腔积液患者确诊84例,诊断阳性率为91.3％,其中恶性胸腔积液48例,结核性胸腔积液29例,非特异性炎症4例,化脓性胸膜炎2例,结节病1例,病因不明8例,术后疼痛11例,发热3例,出血1例.结论 内科胸腔镜检查有助于进一步明确不明原因胸腔积液的病因,且患者耐受性好、安全、有效,值得临床推广应用.     

胸腔镜手术对老年不明原因胸腔积液的诊断和治疗

目前鉴别胸腔积液性质的方法包括诊断性胸腔穿刺、胸腔积液检查、胸部X线摄片、超声检查、胸膜活检等,但有部分患者经过上述检查仍难以作出正确诊断,即所谓"不明原因的胸腔积液".随着电视胸腔镜技术的发展和仪器的进步,胸腔镜手术成为诊断和治疗胸膜疾病的有效方式.本文拟探讨胸腔镜对不明原因恶性胸腔积液的诊断和治疗效果.     

内科胸腔镜对老年不明原因胸腔积液患者的诊断价值

目的探讨内科胸腔镜技术在胸膜疾病诊断中的价值。方法应用内科胸腔镜技术对148例不明原因胸腔积液老年患者进行检查。结果病理明确诊断123例,未能明确诊断25例;结核67例,胸膜转移癌56例,其中来源于肺癌48例,妇科肿瘤2例,胃肠道肿瘤1例,胸膜间皮瘤4例,内分泌癌1例。结核T斑点对结核性胸膜炎诊断率为79.17%,敏感度为81.25%,特异度为75.00%,胸水CEA对恶性胸腔积液的诊断率96.00%,敏感度92.86%,特异度98.28%。结论对不明原因胸腔积液患者应用内科胸腔镜技术具有微创、安全的特点,呼吸科医师可学习掌握,且其胸膜疾病的确诊率较高。     

内科胸腔镜对老年人原因不明胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的 研究内科胸腔镜在老年人原因不明胸腔积液诊断方面的价值,评估其安全性.方法 筛选通过胸水检查及其他临床情况综合判断,不能明确病因的渗出性胸腔积液且年龄≥65岁的患者,对其行内科胸腔镜检查.结果 49例患者中男性33例,女性16例,年龄65～82岁,平均70.5岁.单侧胸腔积液41例(83.7%),双侧胸腔积液8例(16.3%).病理确诊结核性胸膜炎14例(28.6%),恶性肿瘤8例(16.3%),未明确诊断者包括病理报告非特异性炎症12例(24.5%)、间皮细胞及组织细胞增生4例(8.2%)、另外11例(22.4%)包括镜下脏壁层胸膜正常未取活检及未成功手术者.结合临床资料,在这27例中8例(16.3%)明确为感染性,19例(38.8%)原因不明.胸腔镜检查对临床原因不明胸腔积液诊断率为61.2%.本组胸腔镜检查术后出现发热8例(16.3%),大面积皮下气肿7例(14.3%),1例(2.0%)包裹性胸腔积液在人造气胸过程中出现严重胸膜反应.上述并发症经治疗后均痊愈.结论 内科胸腔镜检查对老年人原因不明胸腔积液明确诊断有较大的临床价值.并发症发生率较既往未按年龄分组的研究所报道的数据略高.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the value of medical thoracoscopy in diagnosis of pleural effusion of unknown aetiology in aged people.Methods The patients aged 65 years and over,with exudative pleural effusion of unknown aetiology,were enrolled in this study.And they underwent medical thoracoscopy for diagnosis.Results The 49 patients,33 males and 16 females,aged 65-82years (at average age of 70.5 yeas),were enrolled.The 83.7% (41 cases) of pleural effusion was unilateral,and 16.3% (8 cases) was bilateral.The 28.6% (14 cases) of them suffered from tuberculosis,16.3 % (8 cases) malignant tumor.The pathology results of 16 cases showed nonspecific inflammation and normal pleural tissue.The other 10 patients showed a normal pleuracy or abnormal pleuracy undergoing a failure biopsy.Considering the clinical data of the 27 cases,8 cases (16.3 %)had infectious disease,18 cases (38.8%) remained unknown.Diagnostic accuracy of medical thoracoscopy was 61.2%.Complications of these patients undergoing medical thoracoscopy were fever (n=8,16.3%) and subcutaneous emphysema (n=7,14.3%).Conclusions Medical thoracoscopy is a standard option for diagnosing pleural effusion.It could be easily managed by physicians.The complications appear more often in aged people.     

内科胸腔镜联合快速现场评估对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的 探讨内科胸腔镜联合快速现场评估(ROSE)对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断价值及临床应用.方法 回顾性分析98例不明原因胸腔积液患者的临床资料,其中内科胸腔镜联合ROSE检查的患者52例,未联合ROSE检查的患者46例.比较两组患者胸膜活检情况、二次检查率、并发症发生率、诊断率,分析ROSE结果 与术后病理一致性及ROS...     

内科胸腔镜对老年人原因不明胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的 研究内科胸腔镜在老年人原因不明胸腔积液诊断方面的价值,评估其安全性.方法 筛选通过胸水检查及其他临床情况综合判断,不能明确病因的渗出性胸腔积液且年龄≥65岁的患者,对其行内科胸腔镜检查.结果 49例患者中男性33例,女性16例,年龄65～82岁,平均70.5岁.单侧胸腔积液41例(83.7%),双侧胸腔积液8例(16.3%).病理确诊结核性胸膜炎14例(28.6%),恶性肿瘤8例(16.3%),未明确诊断者包括病理报告非特异性炎症12例(24.5%)、间皮细胞及组织细胞增生4例(8.2%)、另外11例(22.4%)包括镜下脏壁层胸膜正常未取活检及未成功手术者.结合临床资料,在这27例中8例(16.3%)明确为感染性,19例(38.8%)原因不明.胸腔镜检查对临床原因不明胸腔积液诊断率为61.2%.本组胸腔镜检查术后出现发热8例(16.3%),大面积皮下气肿7例(14.3%),1例(2.0%)包裹性胸腔积液在人造气胸过程中出现严重胸膜反应.上述并发症经治疗后均痊愈.结论 内科胸腔镜检查对老年人原因不明胸腔积液明确诊断有较大的临床价值.并发症发生率较既往未按年龄分组的研究所报道的数据略高.     

内科胸腔镜对老年人原因不明胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的 研究内科胸腔镜在老年人原因不明胸腔积液诊断方面的价值,评估其安全性.方法 筛选通过胸水检查及其他临床情况综合判断,不能明确病因的渗出性胸腔积液且年龄≥65岁的患者,对其行内科胸腔镜检查.结果 49例患者中男性33例,女性16例,年龄65～82岁,平均70.5岁.单侧胸腔积液41例(83.7%),双侧胸腔积液8例(16.3%).病理确诊结核性胸膜炎14例(28.6%),恶性肿瘤8例(16.3%),未明确诊断者包括病理报告非特异性炎症12例(24.5%)、间皮细胞及组织细胞增生4例(8.2%)、另外11例(22.4%)包括镜下脏壁层胸膜正常未取活检及未成功手术者.结合临床资料,在这27例中8例(16.3%)明确为感染性,19例(38.8%)原因不明.胸腔镜检查对临床原因不明胸腔积液诊断率为61.2%.本组胸腔镜检查术后出现发热8例(16.3%),大面积皮下气肿7例(14.3%),1例(2.0%)包裹性胸腔积液在人造气胸过程中出现严重胸膜反应.上述并发症经治疗后均痊愈.结论 内科胸腔镜检查对老年人原因不明胸腔积液明确诊断有较大的临床价值.并发症发生率较既往未按年龄分组的研究所报道的数据略高.     

内科胸腔镜在原因不明胸腔积液诊断中的价值及安全性评价

目的探讨内科胸腔镜在原因不明胸腔积液诊断中的价值并进行安全性评价。方法 285例原因不明胸腔积液患者在局麻下进行内科胸腔镜检查,观察胸膜的异常表现,并在直视下钳取病变进行病理检查。结果镜下的异常表现主要有:①孤立性、弥漫性大小不等菜花样、乳头状、桑葚状结节或肿块;②广泛分布的大小不等的球形结节或肿块,呈葡萄状、卵石状或铺路石样改变;③广泛性分布的粟粒样或麻疹样小结节影;④乳白色厚薄不一的纤维素沉积和网状分布的粘连带等。活检确诊275例,确诊率为96.5%(275/285)。确诊病例中最常见病因为恶性肿瘤(占67.0%,191/285)和结核性胸膜病变(占20.4%,58/285)等。恶性肿瘤最常见的病因为肺癌并胸膜转移(占58.1%,111/191)和弥漫性胸膜间皮瘤(占17.8%,34/191)等。结论内科胸腔镜检查对原因不明胸腔积液是一种操作简便、安全可行、确诊率高的诊断方法,值得临床推广应用。     

可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液诊断中的应用价值。方法采用尖端可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜（LTF-240型）对92例不明原因的胸腔积液患者进行检查,并回顾性分析其临床资料。结果92例患者均成功实施了胸腔镜检查,胸腔镜下病理组织活检确诊恶性肿瘤30例、结核性胸膜炎57例、慢性炎症5例。肿瘤和结核病理结果确诊率为94．6％。恶性胸腔积液主要表现为结节样改变,部分病灶融合成肿块。而结核性胸膜炎主要为胸膜弥漫性充血肿胀,结节病灶细小呈卵石样改变,可见坏死物覆盖。92例胸腔镜检查仅1例出现胸膜反应,无严重并发症发生。结论可弯曲电子内科胸腔镜检查安全、有效、易操作。     

内科胸腔镜对大量胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的评价内科胸腔镜对大量胸腔积液的诊断价值。方法分析我科自2008年8月至2009年4月大量胸腔积液患者60例,其中经胸腔积液病理细胞学联合胸膜活检术诊断30例(A组),经胸腔镜检查诊断30例(B组),对比分析两组患者的诊断阳性率及术后并发症。结果A组诊断阳性率为66.7%(20/30),B组诊断阳性率为93.3%(28/30),两组对比(P0.05),差异具有统计学意义。A组并发症发生率16.7%(5/30),B组并发症发生率23.3%(7/30),两组对比(P0.05),差异无统计学意义。结论内科胸腔镜操作简单,安全,并发症少,诊断率高,值得临床推广。     

Medical thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of unexplained pleural effusion

Abstract Approximately 20% of pleural effusions remain without an established aetiology after evaluation. Thoracoscopy has a very high sensitivity for the diagnosis of both benign and malignant diseases and greatly increases the diagnostic yield for pleural effusion. We sought to evaluate the diagnostic yield and safety of medical thoracoscopy at this institution. The records of all patients undergoing medical thoracoscopy for the evaluation of undiagnosed pleural effusion between 1990 and 1996 were reviewed. The procedure was performed under local anaesthesia with sedation using a Stortz rigid thoracoscope. Fifty-eight patients had thoracoscopy, most having had two (range: 1–6) non-diagnostic pleural aspirations and biopsies of the pleura. Nineteen patients were found to have mesothelioma and nine metastatic malignancy. Three patients were considered likely to have tuberculous pleural disease, six had asbestos related benign pleural fibrosis and three post-cardiotomy syndrome. There was one chylous effusion of uncertain aetiology, one post-traumatic and two other benign effusions, both of which resolved without clear aetiology. On seven occasions the pleural space could not be adequately accessed, but none of these patients had prior computerized tomography (CT) or ultrasound of the pleural space. There were five false negative diagnoses of malignancy, but no false positives. The diagnostic sensitivity for pleural malignancy was 85% and specificity 100%. There were no major complications, but four patients had late tumour seeding at the thoracoscopy site. Medical thoracoscopy is a safe procedure with a high diagnostic yield. Pre-operative evaluation of the pleural collection using ultrasound or CT increases the likelihood of successful access to the pleural space and may increase diagnostic yield.     

胸腔镜检查对胸腔积液的诊治价值

为评介胸腔镜检查对胸腔积液的诊断和治疗价值，对278例经常规检查未明确病因的胸腔积液患者，采用胸腔镜直视下病变处取活组织检查（活检），根据活检结果，分别采取不同的方法治疗，结果显示，胸腔镜的诊断率为94．6％（263／278），胸膜转移癌，胸膜间皮瘤，结核性胸膜炎镜下形态不同，血性胸水中恶性占78．8％，草黄色胸液中恶性占46．5％，对恶性胸水患者经胸腔镜喷洒滑石粉或注入抗癌药物治疗，对良性胸水患者进行了对因治疗，278例中无严重并发症，本组资料证实胸腔镜检查对胸腔积液是一种安全，有效的诊断手段。     

可弯曲内科胸腔镜诊断胸腔积液临床应用

目的 探讨可弯曲内科胸腔镜检查术对不明原因胸腔积液的诊断价值.方法 选择天津市海河医院2007年5月至12月行胸腔镜检查术的20例胸腔积液患者,16例胸腔镜直视下取病变组织行病理检查,4例术前已明确诊断.结果 胸腔镜检查术确诊率93.75%(15/16).转移性腺癌8例,转移性鳞癌1例,转移性腺鳞癌1例,恶性胸腔积液来分型1例,结核病4例,恶性胸膜间皮瘤3例,化脓性炎症1例,未确诊1例.镜下表现弥漫性粟粒样结节10例(50%),多发肿块7例(35%),纤维分隔或粘连带形成9例(45%),无严重并发症.结论 可弯曲内科胸腔镜检查术对胸腔积液是一种安全、确诊率高的诊断方法.     

内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液诊断和治疗的临床价值

目的：探讨内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液的诊断价值,以及应用内科胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜固定术对恶性胸腔积液的治疗价值。方法回顾性性分析2008年1月至2014年1月在郑州市第三人民医院呼吸内科接受内科胸腔镜诊断的142例胸腔积液患者的临床资料。评价内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液的诊断阳性率和分析病因。将确诊为恶性胸腔积液的患者分为胸腔镜组和对照组。胸腔镜组给予内科胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜固定术,对照组胸给予胸腔引流管内灌注滑石粉而实现胸膜固定。对两组的疗效进行对比和分析。结果在142例胸腔积液患者中,有136例经内科胸腔镜检查及病理活检明确诊断,确诊率达95.8%。其中恶性胸腔积液(含恶性胸膜间皮瘤2例)85例(59.9%),结核性胸膜炎31例(21.8%),肺炎旁积液13例(9.2%),非特异性炎症7例(4.9%),原因不明胸腔积液6例(4.2%)。确诊的85例恶性胸腔积液患者中,胸腔镜组56例,1个月后复查有效率为91.1%,完全缓解率为82.1%;对照组29例,1个月后复查有效率为69.0%,完全缓解率为48.3%,两组有效率和完全缓解率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6.786、10.555,P 值分别为0.009、0.001)。结论内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液具有较好的确诊率,内科胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜固定术可以有效地治疗恶性胸腔积液。     

Role of medical thoracoscopy in the treatment of tuberculous pleural effusion

Background

Fibrous tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) represents common disease in tuberculous clinic. Medical thoracoscopy has been used to treat pleural empyema and shown promising outcomes, but data of its use in multiloculated and organized TPE remains limited to know.

Methods

The study was performed on 430 cases with TPE. The cases were divided into free-flowing, multiloculated effusion and organized effusion group. Each group was subdivided into two or three types of therapeutic approaches: ultrasound guided pigtail catheter, large-bore tube chest drainage and medical thoracoscopy. Patients with multiloculated or organized effusions received streptokinase, introduced into the pleural cavity via chest tubes. The successful effectiveness of the study was defined as duration of chest drainage, time from treatment to discharge days and no further managements.

Results

Patients with organized effusion were older than those with free-flowing effusion and incidence of organized effusion combined with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) was higher than those of multiloculated effusion and free-flowing effusion respectively. Positive tuberculosis of pleural fluid culture was higher in organized effusion than that in free-flowing effusion. Sputum positive for acid-fast bacillus (AFB) in organized effusion was higher than that in multiloculated effusion and free-flowing effusion. Medical thoracoscopy showed significant efficacy in the group of multiloculated effusion and organized effusion but free-flowing effusion. No chronic morbidity and mortality related to complications was observed.

Conclusions

Medical thoracoscopy was a safe and successful method in treating multiloculated and organized TPE.     

胸腔镜检查对疑难性胸腔积兴高采烈的诊断价值

目的评价胸腔镜检查对疑难性胸腔积液（胸液）的诊断价值。方法对１１４例经常规检查未明确病因的疑难性胸液患者,采用胸腔镜直视下于病变处取组织行活组织检查（活检）,并与经皮盲目胸膜活检对比。结果胸腔镜诊断率为９１２％（１０４／１１４）,经皮盲目胸膜活检诊断率为２８１％（３２／１１４）,两者间差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０００５）。胸膜间皮瘤、转移癌、结核性胸膜炎胸腔镜下形态不同。血性胸液中恶性占７７１％,草黄色胸液中恶性占５３０％。精制蛋白衍化物（ＰＰＤ）皮试显示：良性病变强阳性反应占４２％,恶性病变阴性反应占４８％。１１４例中无严重并发症。结论胸腔镜检查对疑难性胸液是一种安全、有效、诊断率高的检查手段。