深低温同种异体关节软骨帽移植的实验研究

目的　观察经深低温冷冻保存的同种异体关节软骨帽移植修复关节软骨缺损(ArticularCartilage,AC)的 实验效果。方法　取成年新西兰大白兔36只,其中12只作为关节软骨帽供体,另24只兔作为关节软骨帽受体, 将受体动物随机分为A、B两组,严格无菌条件下A组12只肱骨头行深低温冷冻软骨帽移植,B组12只肱骨头行 新鲜软骨帽移植。术后常规抗感染3d,两组分别于6、12周取肱骨头作相关观察与检测。结果　术后6周大体观 察,光镜,电境A、B两组无明显区别,移植物无明显移位,表面光滑、有光泽。软骨细胞形态基本正常,细胞核形态 基本正常。S 100(β亚链)蛋白免疫组化染色无差异。12周时,A、B两组移植物外形良好,移植物表面颜色为乳白 色,中心负重区可见明显塌陷。移植软骨有退行性改变。在电镜观察上,两个时间点上均无统计学差异(P> 0.05)。　结论　(1)大块软骨组织中的软骨细胞在经过深低温冷冻处理后,仍可保持较好的生物活性,可以用于 长期库存和移植使用。(2)大块深低温冷冻保存和新鲜同种异体软骨移植的近期效果良好,但远期效果有待进一 步研究。     

兔关节软骨细胞的分离培养及生物学特征

目的 探讨兔关节软骨细胞分离培养的方法和生物学特性。方法 从4周龄新西兰白兔关节分离培养软骨细胞，倒置显微镜下观察原代及传代培养的细胞形态学变化，并计数绘制生长曲线。测定细胞冻存复苏后的存活率。用甲苯胺蓝染色和免疫细胞化学法了解葡萄糖胺多糖（GAGs），Ⅱ型胶原的合成情况并鉴定细胞。结果 成功建立体外培养兔关节软骨细胞的实验方法。原代培养的软骨细胞呈多角形，传代3次后出现反分化。形态学、免疫化学染色显示细胞培养3代以内可以保持表型的稳定，冷冻复苏存活率为92％。结论 本文建立的体外培养关节软骨细胞的方法简单可行。体外培养的兔软骨细胞表型能保持3代稳定，具有良好的生物学活性，可用于实验研究，可经深低温冷冻保存。     

猴椎间盘移植后腰椎小关节软骨组织学研究

观察了猴冷冻保存间盘异体移植后，不同时期移植间盘高度及腰椎小关节软骨形态及组织化学改变。结果表明：随移植间盘高度的逐渐下降小关节软骨呈退行性改变，术后４周软骨细胞反应性增生，蛋白多糖（ＰｒｏｔｅｏｇｌｙｃａｎＰＧ）含量升高，６周后软骨各种爱行性改变，软骨表面出现裂隙，软骨细胞持续增殖，但多为退变细胞，ＰＧ含量明显下降，结果提示：间盘退变可以加速相应小关节软骨的退变进程。     

关节软骨损伤组织工程修复的实验研究

目的：（1）研究不同体外培养时间软骨的生物学特性，探讨运用于软骨组织工程中软骨种子细胞的最适宜培养时间和条件。（2）应用组织工程技术探讨运用自体关节软骨细胞修复关节软骨缺损的可行性。（3）应用组织工程技术探讨应用同种异体软骨细胞修复关节软骨缺损的可行性。（4）研究修复关节软骨缺损的软骨细胞来源。方法：（1）取新西兰兔关节软骨细胞体外培养，观察软骨细胞的形态学变化，生长曲线，酸性粘多糖及胶原分泌情况。（2）建立关节软骨缺损模型，应用自体关节软骨细胞复合生物支架Pluronic修复关节软骨缺损，观察修复效果。（3）应用同种异体软骨细胞复合生物支架Pluronic修复关节软骨缺损，观察修复效果。（4）应用3H－TdR放射自显影方法，确定修复关节软骨缺损的细胞来源。结果：（1）体外培养第四代软骨细胞的增殖能力达到高峰，而第二代软骨细胞分泌基质能力最强。（2）自体或同种异体软骨细胞复合Pluronic修复关节软骨缺损，12周后缺损表面较平滑，与正常软骨界面愈合较好，MASSON三色染色显示胶原分布已较均匀， 骨细胞呈柱状排列，II型胶原在细胞周围阳性表达，而空白对照和材料对照组未见明显修复。（3）3H－TdR放射自显影方法证实修复软骨组织的细胞来源于体外移植细胞，软骨细胞植入体内早期仍进行有丝分裂，而在中后期软骨细胞以分泌基质为主，植入的细胞与周围软骨细胞间存在物质交换。结论：（1）软骨细胞在体外培养2－3周左右是作为软骨组织工程种子细胞的最佳时机。（2）自体或同种异体组织工程化软骨是修复关节软骨缺损的较好方法。（3）组织工程化软骨修复关节软骨缺损的细胞来源于体外移植的软骨细胞。     

颞下颌关节骨关节病髁状突软骨细胞体外培养及细胞生物学特性研究

目的:从兔的颞下颌关节骨关节病模型动物获得髁状突软骨细胞并行体外培养.方法:采用部分关节盘手术切除的方法制造颞下颌关节骨关节病模型,组织大体观察、超微结构观察和组化检测方法确定骨关节病的存在.在此基础上,通过机械分离、胰蛋白酶和胶原酶联合消化的方法从骨关节病髁状突软骨组织中获得软骨细胞,进行体外环境下的贴壁培养;通过软骨细胞特异性蛋白的免疫组化方法进行细胞鉴定.四甲基偶氮唑盐法比较病理模型细胞与正常细胞的增殖能力差异.结果:上述颞下颌关节骨关节病模型全面地模拟了骨关节病变关节软骨组织的特征;利用机械分离、胰蛋白酶胶原酶联合消化的方法成功地从骨关节病髁状突软骨组织中分离出软骨细胞并在体外贴壁条件下培养成活;应用特异性的Ⅱ型胶原多克隆抗体和聚合性糖胺多糖单克隆抗体对培养细胞进行免疫组化检测鉴定,均显示阳性.骨关节病髁状突软骨细胞的增殖能力高于正常细胞.结论:成功地建立了骨关节病髁状突软骨细胞的体外模型;骨关节病早期的髁状突软骨细胞表现出增殖活跃的特性.     

冻存复苏培养的关节软骨细胞生物学特性

关节软骨（细胞）的同种异体移植是解决关节软骨损伤后修复问题的理想方法．其成功的先决条件要求细胞能够耐受低温冷冻保存并保持关节软骨细胞的生物学特性。为此，该实验在成功地建立了关节软骨细胞库的基础上，进行冻存后的关节软骨细胞培养，同时利用显微缩时录像技术，借助组织学、组织化学和分子生物学等方法．观察细胞的增殖、糖胶聚糖的合成以及Ⅱ型胶原的基因表达情况。结果表明，分离的关节软骨细胞经深低温冷冻保存后复苏．细胞在14d的培养中仍可保持关节软骨细胞所特有的形态以及对糖胺聚糖和Ⅱ型胶原的合成能力。     

复合应用聚羟基丁酸酯和Pluronic F-127作为组织工程支架材料的可行性研究

目的　对聚羟基丁酸酯 (Polyhydroxybutyrate ,PHB)与PluronicF 12 7复合作为组织工程支架材料进行研究。方法　传代培养健康成年大白兔软骨细胞 ,将第 3代细胞制成浓度为 5× 10 7 ml悬液。取悬液 1ml接种到PHB支架上 ,另取 1ml细胞悬液与 2 5 %PluronicF 12 7在 4℃条件下均匀混合后接种到PHB支架上 ,形成两种不同的细胞 支架复合物 ,A :PHB 软骨细胞 ;B :PHB PluronicF 12 7 软骨细胞。体外培养 1周后植入兔自体背部皮下。 12周取材进行组织学观察。结果　①A、B两组均有软骨形成 ,组织学染色有软骨细胞存在并分泌酸性粘多糖基质。②A组在支架的表面和浅层有较连续的薄层软骨形成 ,细胞数量及基质酸性粘多糖含量较多 ;B组在支架浅层和深部均有大量软骨形成 ,软骨细胞数量多 ,基质酸性粘多糖含量丰富。结论　复合应用PHB与PluronicF 12 7作为支架材料生成的组织工程化软骨质量优于单用PHB ,是组织工程较为理想的支架材料     

人胎大脑皮质细胞的冷冻保存

目的：筛选人胎大脑皮质细胞冷冻保存的适宜条件。方法：将胎龄４～６月人胎大脑皮质制成细胞悬液并分别保存于４℃和液氮中，分别于保存第１ｄ，５ｄ，１５ｄ和３０ｄ用台盼蓝染色法观察细胞存活率。结果：①胎龄４～６Ｍ人胎大脑皮质细胞在冷存后均可存活，以胎龄４Ｍ细胞存活率较高。②冷存１ｄ～５ｄ时，４℃保存的细胞存活率高于液氮保存的细胞存活率，但随着保存时间的延长细胞存活率显著下降。③冷存１～３０ｄ时，液氮保存的细胞存活率无明显变化，且在１５ｄ和３０ｄ时细胞存活率明显高于４℃保存者。结论：人胎大脑皮质细胞的保存条件以胎龄４Ｍ、４℃短期保存和慢速冷冻、快速复温的液氮长期保存为宜。     

高选择性非甾体抗炎药塞来昔布对大鼠骨关节炎关节软骨的影响

目的探讨长期应用高选择性NSAIDs（塞来昔布）对大鼠骨关节炎关节软骨代谢的影响。方法采用左侧跟腱切除术诱发wistar大鼠同侧膝关节骨关节炎（OA），分4组，每日给赛来昔布24mg／kg（CE组）、布洛芬72mg／kg（IBP组）、吲哚美辛9mg／kg（IN组）及生理盐水（NS组）。观察3、6及9个月后关节软骨组织学、蛋白多糖（PG）含量、Ⅱ型胶原表达及软骨细胞超微结构的变化。结果CE、NS组软骨表现为OA的渐进过程，CE组改变较NS组轻；IN组软骨损害明显重于NS组；IBP组介于两者之间。CE明显增加OA软骨基质PG含量；IBP的短、中期应用对PG的含量无明显影响，其长期应用减少PG含量；IN明显减少PG含量。CE、IBP促进OA软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原的表达，IN抑制Ⅱ型胶原的表达。电镜观察：CE组、NS组的软骨细胞表现类似，但CE组可见发达的粗面内质网、高尔基复合体；IBP组：细胞周晕逐渐消失，核染色质结构模糊；IN组：软骨细胞的电子密度明显增加、溶解性坏死多见。结论塞来昔布可抑制大鼠OA关节软骨的退变，对退变的关节软骨可能有一定的修复作用。     

人胎黑质细胞的冷冻保存

采用台盼蓝染色法，观察了第３～６月人胎黑质细胞冷冻保存的细胞存活率，结果：①胎龄３～６月人胎黑质细胞冷冻保存后均可存活，但以胎龄３和４月细胞存活率较高。②液氮保存的细胞存活率不受保存时间的影响，而４℃保存的细胞存活率随保存时间的延长而逐渐降低。结果提示，液氮保存人胎黑质细胞的保存条件以胎龄３和４月为宜。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.