99Tcm-TRODAT-1多巴胺转运蛋白SPECT脑显像在亚临床期和临床期帕金森病模型猴诊断中的研究

目的探讨99Tcm-TRODAT-1多巴胺转运蛋白SPECT脑显像在帕金森病亚临床期诊断中的价值.方法对4只食蟹猴静脉注射多巴胺转运蛋白显像剂99Tcm-TRODAT-1,观察99Tcm-TRODAT-1在不同时间点正常猴体内分布并进行纹状体DAT功能分析.用MPTP分别制备无症状亚临床期和临床期PD猴模型,利用计算机感兴趣区(ROI)技术进行纹状体DAT功能半定量分析.结果99Tcm-TRODAT-1最佳SPECT脑显像时间为注射99Tcm-TRODAT-1后3～4 h.PD猴毁损侧(右侧)纹状体在亚临床期就已存在DAT功能的降低,并随着损伤的加重毁损侧纹状体DAT功能进一步降低,对侧纹状体的DAT也受损.结论99Tcm-TRODAT-1 SPECT脑显像可用于PD的亚临床期诊断和病情监测.     

18F-FDG PET脑显像和多巴胺能神经元突触功能PET脑显像研究帕金森病进展

帕金森病（PD）是常见神经退行性疾病，PET对早期鉴别、诊断和评价PD具有特别优势，主要示踪剂为反映葡萄糖代谢的¹⁸F-FDG和反映纹状体多巴胺能神经元突触功能的靶向示踪剂。本文就¹⁸F-FDG PET脑显像和多巴胺能神经元突触功能PET脑显像应用于PD研究现状和进展进行综述。     

18F-FDG PET/CT结合HRCT在肺炎型细支气管肺泡癌诊断中的应用

目的：探讨18F-FDG PET/CT结合高分辨率CT（HRCT）在肺炎型细支气管肺泡癌（PTBAC）诊断中的应用价值,以提高诊断准确率。资料与方法：搜集经病理证实26例PTBAC患者的18F-FDG PET/CT及HRCT影像资料,患者均先行18F-FDG PET/CT显像,其中15例根据诊断需要0~3 d内行HRCT检查,分析两者结合对PTBAC的诊断价值。结果：全组26例患者18F-FDG PET/CT显像检查,确切诊断肺癌9例,恶性不除外13例,肺感染性病变4例,确诊率为34.6%,误诊率较高;其中15例患者18F-FDG PET/CT显像后结合HRCT确切诊断肺癌13例,1例初次诊断感染性病变者后经结合HRCT图像诊断为肺癌,1例18F-FDG PET/CT显像及HRCT均疑为肺炎者,经18F-FDG PET/CT延迟显像后综合评判考虑肺癌,后病理证实;18F-FDG PET/CT结合HRCT诊断正确率达100%。结论：PTBAC的18F-FDG PET/CT显像特点及HRCT表现复杂多样,PET/CT结合HRCT在PTBAC诊断中的应用能够大大提高诊断准确率,减少误诊率。     

多巴胺转运蛋白显像剂18F-FP-CIT脑PET显像评价脑内多巴胺能系统功能

目的本研究应用放射性显像剂18F-FP-CIT进行脑PET显像来评价脑内的DA能系统的功能变化,并从安全性、有效性等方面对本方法进行评价.方法分别对猴、正常人和不同程度的帕金森病患者应用18F-FP-CIT进行脑PET显像,观察其安全性和在不同程度PD患者的图像表现.结果正常猴1 h断层图像上脑内双侧尾状核和壳核出现较高的放射性浓聚;3 h双侧纹状体放射性相对更为浓聚.正常人15 min和30 min脑断层图像上双侧尾状核和壳核出现放射性摄取,同时大脑皮层有一定程度的放射性摄取,2 h图像已非常清晰,仅尾状核和壳核清晰可见.57例PD患者PET图像中,PD患者症状与对侧脑后壳核放射性的降低明显相关.结论 DAT显像可从分子水平评价多巴胺递质系统功能的客观情况,是有很好临床价值的分子影像学手段.     

脑代谢显像与脑血流灌注显像在难治性癫痫发作不同时期中的定位应用

目的探讨发作间期18F-脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)正电子发射型断层扫描仪(PET)/电子计算机断层扫描(CT)及联合发作期18F-FDG PET/CT、发作期99mTc-双半胱乙酯(99mTc-ECD)单光子发射型计算机断层扫描仪(SPECT)/CT在难治性癫痫致痫灶定位中的诊断价值。方法本研究为回顾性研究, 选取2017年3月至2022年1月于蚌埠医学院第一附属医院行手术治疗的61例难治性癫痫患者, 男36例, 女25例, 年龄(32.46±11.01)岁, 年龄范围为18～58岁。所有患者均行发作间期18F-FDG PET/CT脑代谢显像且均为阳性表现, 对18F-FDG PET/CT显像结果表现为多灶改变而不能准确定位者行发作期18F-FDG PET/CT显像或发作期99mTc-ECD SPECT/CT显像, 评估发作间期18F-FDG PET/CT显像及联合发作期18F-FDG PET/CT显像或99mTc-ECD SPECT/CT显像在难治性癫痫致痫灶中的定位诊断价值。结果 61例患者中23例(37.7%)在18F-FDG PET/CT中表现为单发病灶, 38例(62.3%...     

18F-FDG PET/CT在宫颈癌中的应用价值

目的：探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET/CT显像在宫颈癌诊断、监测治疗后肿瘤复发与转移中的应用价值。方法：宫颈癌患者60例,均行18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像,所有PET、CT及PET/CT融合图像均通过融合软件进行帧对帧对比分析。肿瘤病灶根据病理学检查、影像学检查及临床随访结果确诊。结果：18F-FDG PET/CT显像对宫颈癌病灶检出的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为91.4%（32/35）、92.0%（23/25）、91.7%（55/60）、94.1%（32/34）、88.5%（23/26）。其中7例治疗前患者,18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断的敏感性为85.7%（6/7）;宫颈癌根治术后尚未进行其他治疗的患者27例,18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为90.9%（10/11）、87.5%（14/16）、88.9%（24/27）;经宫颈癌根治术及放化疗综合治疗后的患者26例,18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为93.8%（15/16）、100%（10/10）、96.2%（25/26）。与同期其他影像学检查比较,18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断的敏感性更高,12例提高临床分期,特异性更高,7例降低临床分期。结论：18F-FDG PET/CT显像对于宫颈癌的诊断及残余病灶、复发病灶、转移灶的检出具有重要价值。     

~(18)F-NaF PET/CT对前列腺癌骨转移的诊断价值

目的探讨18F-Na F PET/CT在前列腺癌骨转移中的诊断价值及影像学特征。方法回顾性分析42例经病理证实为前列腺癌的患者的临床资料,均行18F-Na F PET/CT骨显像。比较18F-Na F PET/CT、18F-Na F PET和单独CT诊断前列腺癌骨转移灶的灵敏性、准确性。结果18F-Na F PET/CT、18F-Na F PET、单独CT诊断前列腺癌骨转移瘤的灵敏度分别为100%、94.4%、77.8%,准确性分别为95.2%、87.0%、71.4%。18F-Na F PET/CT骨显像的准确性显著高于18F-Na F PET和单独CT(P0.05)。结论18F-Na F PET/CT对前列腺癌骨转移诊断的灵敏度、特异性、准确性较高。     

~(18)F-FDGPET/CT脑显像鉴别帕金森病和多系统萎缩的临床价值

目的探讨~(18)F-FDG PET/CT脑显像对帕金森病(PD)和多系统萎缩(MSA)的鉴别诊断价值。方法回顾性分析临床诊断为PD(15例)和MSA(11例)的~(18)F-FDG PET/CT脑显像资料,首先对患者的脑代谢表现进行定性分析,然后使用Neuro Q软件进行定量分析其代谢模式差异。结果 15例PD患者~(18)F-FDG PET/CT脑显像,定性分析显示13例(86.7%)表现为皮层代谢减低;3例(20%)单侧壳核代谢减低,15例均未显示小脑代谢减低;定量分析显示全部患者均表现为大脑皮层受累,8例(53.3%)单侧壳核代谢减低,2例(13.3%)双侧壳核代谢减低,15例均未显示小脑代谢减低。11例MSA患者~(18)F-FDG PET/CT脑显像,定性分析显示全部患者表现为皮层代谢减低,4例(36.4%)壳核代谢减低;3例(27.3%)小脑代谢减低;定量分析显示全部患者表现为大脑皮层受累以及双侧壳核代谢减低;5例(45.5%)双侧小脑代谢减低。结论 ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT脑显像PD和MSA患者的基底节和小脑代谢模式存在差异,有助于临床进行鉴别诊断。     

18F-FDG PET/CT诊断浸润性乳腺癌和淋巴结转移的效果

目的:研究并探讨18氟-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET/CT诊断浸润性乳腺癌和淋巴结转移的效果。材料与方法:选取我院2013年1月~2015年12月期间收治且经手术病理确诊的120例浸润性乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,所有患者均接受18F-FDG PET/CT显像检查、钼靶X线检查,以手术病理诊断结果作为对照,比较18F-FDG PET/CT显像检查、钼靶X线检查对浸润性乳腺癌的阳性检出率,并计算18FFDG PET/CT显像检查、钼靶X线检查对浸润性乳腺癌淋巴结转移的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性。结果:18FFDG PET/CT显像检查对浸润性乳腺癌的阳性检出率为93.33%,钼靶X线检查对浸润性乳腺癌的阳性检出率为90.83%,两种检查方法相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);18F-FDG PET/CT显像检查对浸润性乳腺癌淋巴结转移的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为97.70%、96.97%、97.50%,均明显高于钼靶X线检查(P0.05)。结论:18F-FDG PET/CT显像检查对浸润性乳腺癌具有较高的诊断准确性,还可对浸润性乳腺癌的淋巴结转移进行准确诊断。     

18F-前列腺特异性膜抗原-1007 PET/CT显像、11C-胆碱PET/CT显像及单光子发射计算机断层成像术骨显像对前列腺癌骨转移的诊断价值比较

目的探讨¹⁸F-前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)-1007标记的正电子发射体层显像融合计算机体层显像技术(PET/CT)显像、11C-胆碱(11C-CHO)PET/CT显像及单光子发射计算机断层成像术(SPECT)骨显像在前列腺癌骨转移诊断上的差异。方法回顾性分析2018年9月至2020年7月北部战区总医院核医学科收治的43例男性前列腺癌患者的临床资料,年龄(77.47±11.87)岁,年龄范围为55~89岁。所有患者行¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像、11C-CHO PET/CT显像及SPECT骨显像检查。分别统计¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像、11C-CHO PET/CT及SPECT骨显像诊断骨转移的阳性例数和阴性例数,计算三种方法各自的灵敏度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算并比较各自曲线下面积(AUC),评价三种检查方法对前列腺癌骨转移的诊断效能。结果 43例前列腺癌患者中,27例患者出现骨转移。¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像示26例患者发生骨转移,漏诊1例;11C-CHO PET/CT显像示24例患者发生骨转移,误诊1例,漏诊4例;SPECT骨显像示23例患者发生骨转移,误诊3例,漏诊7例,三者诊断前列腺癌骨转移的灵敏度、特异度、准确性分别为96.3%(26/27)、100%(16/16)、97.7%(42/43);85.2%(23/27)、93.8%(15/16)、88.4%(38/43);74.1%(20/27)、81.3%(13/16)、76.7%(33/43)。¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像、11C-CHO PET/CT和SPECT骨显像ROC曲线的AUC和95%CI分别为0.981(0.885~1.000)、0.913(0.763~0.967)、0.777(0.624~0.889)。三种检查的AUC曲线下面积进行两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验对27例患者三种方法检出的骨转移灶的数量进行两两比较发现,¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像与SPECT骨显像比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.484,P=0.013),¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像与11C-CHO PET/CT显像比较,差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.160,P=0.873);11C-CHO PET/CT显像与SPECT骨显像比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.085,P=0.037)。结论 PET/CT显像较SPECT骨显像能发现更多的骨转移灶。¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像对前列腺癌骨转移诊断的灵敏度、特异度及准确性高于其他两种检查方式。在低前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的情况下,能够精确地对前列腺癌骨转移做出诊断。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.