川菊止痛汤治疗偏头痛的临床观察

目的观察川菊止痛汤治疗偏头痛的临床效果。方法将70例偏头痛患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各35例，治疗组予川菊止痛汤治疗，对照组予氟桂利嗪胶囊治疗，对比2组临床疗效和治疗前后血浆内皮素（ET）水平。结果治疗组总有效率为88．57％高于对照组的80．00％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗后，2组ET水平均低于治疗前，且治疗组低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义。结论川菊止痛汤治疗偏头痛疗效确切，能明显降低偏头痛患者血浆ET水平，值得临床推广应用。     

氟桂嗪治疗偏头痛脑血流变化研究

目的：研究氟桂嗪治疗偏头痛脑血流的变化及疗效。方法：应用经颅多普勒超声仪（TCD）检测60例偏头痛患颅内动脉血流速度，并应用氟桂嗪治疗前后做自身对照。结果：TCD检测结果发现偏头痛患治疗前颅内动脉的平均血流速度（Vm)明显增快，与健康对照组比较有显性差异（P＜0．01），治疗势不两立在流速度明显减慢，与治疗前比较有显差异（P＜0．05），与健康对照组比较，除LMCA及RPCA（P＜0．05）外，其余均无显差异（P＞0．05），临床总有效率为88．33％，结论：氟桂嗪能改善偏头痛患颅内动脉的功能状态，疗效确切。     

经颅彩色多普勒超声检测偏头痛性脑梗死的诊断研究

目的：研究偏头痛性脑梗死患者经颅彩色多普勒（ TCD ）超声检测结果。方法回顾性分析本院2012年2月-2014年1月收治的44例偏头痛性脑梗死患者的临床资料，利用TCD对患者脑内动脉血流速度进行检查，将其作为研究组；同期选取本院正常体检的44例偏头痛患者作为对照组，比较两组患者的TCD检测结果。结果研究组大脑的中动脉、前动脉与后动脉血流速度高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05）。研究组椎动脉与基底动脉血流速度高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05）。结论偏头痛性脑梗死患者的血流速度较快，且存在明显的后循环，血流异常变化非常突出。     

银杏叶片、尼莫地平治疗儿童偏头痛临床观察

目的探讨银杏叶片、尼莫地平治疗儿童偏头痛的临床疗效及经颅多普勒检测颅内血管血流动力学变化。方法采用经颅多普勒（TED）对36例偏头痛患儿及21例健康儿童颅内血管血流动力学变化进行检测，并对偏头痛患儿给予银杏叶片、尼莫地平治疗，治疗前后TCD检查对比。结果TCD检查发现与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义，偏头痛患儿缓解期脑血流速度明显增快，偏头痛患儿各血管平均血流速度与对照组比较P〈0．05。经银杏叶片及尼莫地平治疗后，临床症状逐渐消失或好转，其中显效23例（63．89％），有效11例（30．56％）总有效率94．44％。治疗后复查TCD，治疗前后对比表明血流速度恢复。治疗后与治疗前各血管平均血流速度与对照组比较P〈0．05。结论偏头痛患儿缓解期脑血流速度明显增快，提示有脑血管痉挛存在。经银杏叶片及尼莫地平治疗后，临床症状逐渐消失或好转，总有效率94．44％．治疗前后TCD检查对比表明血流速度恢复，治疗有效。     

短暂性脑缺血发作患者血浆Hcy、ET、NO、FA、VitB12水平变化的临床研究

目的探讨短暂性脑缺血（TIA）患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、内皮素（ET）、一氧化氮（NO）、叶酸（FA）、维生素B12（VitB12）变化及临床意义。方法检测60例暂性脑缺血患者血浆中同型半胱氨酸、内皮素（ET）、一氧化氮（NO）、叶酸、维生素B水平,并与同期42例健康体检者进行了对照。结果短暂性脑缺血组血浆Hcy、ET显著高于对照组,且差别具有显著性（P〈0．01）;NO、FA、VitB12的水平低于对照组（P〈0．01）。短暂性脑缺血患者中高血压患者Hcy高于血压正常患者。结论短暂性脑缺血患者血浆Hcy、ET浓度升高,检测血浆Hcy含量变化对于患者病情观察、预后判断具有重要意义,短暂性脑缺血患者服用FA和VitB12等制剂对于治疗和预防具有重要临床价值。     

丹参治疗急性重型颅脑损伤的临床应用

为观察丹参治疗急性重型颅脑损伤的临床效果,按标准选取急性重型颅脑损伤30例,随机分成对照组和观察组各15例。对照组行常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上加用丹参治疗。治疗前和治疗后24h、48h、72h、1周及2周分别采取肱静脉血测血浆内皮素（ET）含量,检测观察组病人的血压。两组病人分别于治疗前和治疗后3天、1周分别行Glasgow昏迷评分（GCS）。治疗后72h、1周行腰椎穿刺术,检测颅内压力,比较两组的疗效。结果表明,治疗后观察组血浆ET含量和颅内压力明显低于对照组,GCS高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组丹参治疗前后血压变化不明显,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：丹参对急性重型颅脑损伤病人具有明显的临床治疗效果。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血浆脑肽钠和内皮素水平的变化

目的 测定慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）急性加重期（AECOPD）和稳定期患者血浆脑肽钠（BNP）和内皮素（ET）水平的变化,以探讨BNP和ET在COPD发病机制中的作用。方法检测28例AECOPD患者,24例COPD稳定期患者和26名健康对照者的血浆脑肽钠和内皮素含量。结果AECOPD组分别与对照组和COPD组比较,血浆BNP和ET水平明显升高（P〈0．01,P〈0．05;P〈0．01,P〈0．05）,COPD患者与对照组比较,血浆BNP和ET水平明显升高（P〈0．05;P〈0．05）。结论COPD患者血浆ET和BNP的变化参与COPD的炎症过程,它们的变化可能与其疾病本身和疾病程度有关。     

支气管肺炎患儿血浆NO和ET含量改变的初步研究

目的：探讨一氧化氮（NO）和内皮素（ET）在支气管肺炎发病中的变化和意义。方法：应用生化Griess反应测定法、放射免疫法、分别测定30例普通肺炎患儿急性期和恢复期的血浆NO及ET水平,并与30例正常健康儿童作对照,用PCR法和血清检查测定肺炎患儿呼吸道病毒及细菌种类。结果：急性期肺炎患儿的血浆NO和ET水平较正常对照组、肺炎恢复期患儿明显升高（P＜0．01）,而不同病原感染时,血浆NO和ET水平无显著差异（P＞0．05）。结论NO和ET参与了肺炎的发生、发展过程,在不同病原引起的肺炎中,有着相似的病理生理变化,动态检测NO和ET的变化有着重要的意义。     

肺心病心衰期血浆内皮素含量及临床意义

目的观察肺心病心衰期患者血浆内皮素(ET1)浓度,与1组同龄无心脏病患者血浆内皮素含量对照,探讨ET1是否参与肺心病肺动脉高压心衰的病理过程。方法用放射免疫法测定30例肺心病患者心衰期血浆ET1浓度。结果肺心病心衰期血浆ET1浓度明显高于对照组。结论ET1参与肺心病肺动脉高压心衰病理过程。     

60例冠心病患者中医证型与血清P选择素、超敏C反应蛋白及内皮素水平关系的探讨

目的观察冠心病中医辨证分型与血清P选择素、超敏C反应蛋白及内皮素（ET）的关系。方法 60例冠心病患者,根据中医辨证分型,正常对照组30例。入院时检测患者血清P选择素、超敏C反应蛋白及ET水平。结果①冠心病偏实组及偏虚组患者血清P选择素及超敏C反应蛋白水平均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）,而冠心病偏实组与偏虚组患者之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。②与正常对照组比较,冠心病偏实组及偏虚组患者血清ET水平均高于正常对照组（P〈0.05）;冠心病偏实组患者血清ET水平高于偏虚组患者（P〈0.05）。偏实组心血瘀阻患者较痰浊壅塞患者血清ET水平增高（P〈0.05）。结论 P选择素和超敏C反应蛋白水平可以做为判断冠心病患者动脉斑块不稳定性的指标;血清ET水平增高可以做为诊断冠心病心血瘀阻证的依据。     

川崎病血管内皮素改变与冠状动脉扩张的关系探讨

目的:检测川崎病(KD)患儿血浆内皮素(ET)的改变,并了解此改变与冠状动脉扩张的相关性。方法:采用放射免疫分析测定技术,检测34例确诊为KD的患儿急性期、恢复期ET水平,并与正常对照组进行比较。采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检测KD患儿冠状动脉扩张情况,并比较冠状动脉扩张组与不伴冠状动脉扩张组的ET水平。结果:34例KD患儿急性期的ET-1为(84.52±18.75)pg/mL,明显高于健康对照组[(44.9 5±13.5 1)pg/mL](P<0.001),伴冠状动脉扩张组ET-1(99.95±15.60)pg/mL,明显高于不伴冠状动脉扩张组[(78.97±16.76)pg/mL](P<0.05)。结论:ED急性期ET-1增高。ET-1可能参与了ED冠状动脉扩张的病理生理过程。     

The risk of stroke in patients with migraine and implications for migraine management

Assessing the risk of stroke in persons with migraine is complicated by the intricate relationship between these two conditions. Both migraine and stroke are common and co-morbidity may, in some cases, be coincidental. Given the overlap of clinical symptoms in stroke and migraine, each condition may also mimic the other. Numerous studies have, however, shown that migraine is an independent risk factor for stroke both during, and remote from, the migraine attack. Women of childbearing age and those with aura are at greatest risk of migraine-related stroke. Additional risk of stroke in migraineurs occurs in those using oral contraceptive pills and who smoke cigarettes. Elevated blood pressure, an important stroke risk factor, is less common in migraineurs. Acquired antiphospholipid antibodies, not clearly a cause of migraine per se, may raise the risk of infarction in migraineurs. Hereditary conditions, including CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with sub-cortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy), MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactacidosis and stroke) and hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, appear to predispose to both migraine and stroke. Purported mechanisms for migraine-associated stroke include involvement of the vasculature (including vasospasm, arterial dissection and small vessel arteriopathy), hypercoagulability (elevated von Willebrand Factor, platelet activation) and elevated risk of cardioembolism (patent foramen ovale, atrial septal aneurysm). Triptans and ergotamines, used to treat acute migraine attacks, appear to be safe in low-risk populations. These medications should be avoided in persons with haemiplegic migraine, basilar migraine, vascular risk factor and prior cerebral or cardiac ischaemia.     

Effect of endothelin on regional hemodynamics and renal function in awake normotensive rats

The effects of endothelin on regional hemodynamics and renal function were studied in awake normotensive rats. Intravenous injection of endothelin (700 pmol/kg) transiently lowered mean blood pressure (from 108 +/- 2 to 84 +/- 2 mm Hg, p less than 0.01), due to a reduction in total vascular resistance (38 +/- 1%, p less than 0.01), and increased stroke volume (29 +/- 5%, p less than 0.01) and heart rate (from 399 +/- 18 to 447 +/- 18 bpm, p less than 0.05); mesenteric and renal blood flow was reduced (37 +/- 13, p less than 0.05 and 63 +/- 5%, p less than 0.01), whereas carotid blood flow was increased (78 +/- 5%, p less than 0.01). This effect was followed by long-lasting hypertension due to increased total vascular resistance (112 +/- 19%, p less than 0.01); stroke volume, mesenteric, and renal blood flow were reduced (34 +/- 5, 41 +/- 4, and 58 +/- 4%, respectively, p less than 0.05) and carotid blood flow returned to basal levels. Bilateral nephrectomy enhanced the initial hypotensive effect. Pretreatment with nifedipine blocked the hypertensive effect, whereas bilateral nephrectomy did not. A subpressor dose of endothelin (70 pmol/kg) had no effect on stroke volume, mesenteric blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and plasma renin activity; carotid blood flow was transiently increased (48 +/- 16%, p less than 0.05), then returned to basal levels; renal blood flow decreased (22 +/- 6 and 15 +/- 4% at 30 s and 10 min, respectively p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

前列地尔联合硝普钠治疗36例原发性扩张型心肌病临床分析

目的：观察前列地尔联合硝普钠治疗原发性扩张型心肌病的疗效。方法：将72例符合诊断标准的原发性扩张型心肌病患者,随机分为前列地尔联合硝普钠治疗组（A组,36例）、硝普钠对照组（B组,18例）和常规治疗对照组（C组,18例）。于治疗前后检测内皮素（ET）、左室射血分数（EF）、左室短轴缩短率（FS）、每搏量（SV）和每分钟心排血量（CO）。结果：A组心功能改善明显并优于B、C组（P〈0.05）;A组ET水平明显降低并低于B、C组（P〈0.05）。结论：前列地尔联合硝普钠对改善原发性扩张型心肌病心功能的疗效优于一般常规药物治疗。     

Highly Enhanced Permeability of Blood‐Brain Barrier Induced by Repeated Administration of Endothelin‐1 in Dogs and Rats

Abstract: The effects of intracisternal administration of endothelin‐1 on blood‐brain barrier permeability were examined in dogs and rats. Single doses of endothelin‐1 elevated blood‐brain barrier permeability about two times compared with control groups in both species. However, repeated dosing with endothelin‐1 at a 24 hr intervals caused a highly enhanced disruption of blood‐brain barrier permeability in dogs, but not in rats, whereas the repeated administration with a 48 hr interval markedly increased the blood‐brain barrier permeability in both species of animals (dogs: 923%, rats: more than 661%). Moreover, this abnormally enhanced permeability of blood‐brain barrier in dogs was completely blocked by pretreatment with the endothelin ET‐A receptor selective antagonist, S‐0139, administered prior to either the first or second dosing with endothelin‐1. From these results, we conclude that a repeated attack of endothelin‐1 from the adventitial site of brain blood vessels produces a severe disruption of blood‐brain barrier permeability through an endothelin ET‐A receptor‐mediated process.     

丹珍头痛胶囊联合尼莫地平治疗偏头痛的临床研究

目的探讨丹珍头痛胶囊联合尼莫地平治疗偏头痛的临床疗效。方法选取2016年1月—2018年3月东营市东营区人民医院收治的122例偏头痛患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将所有患者分为对照组和治疗组,每组各61例。对照组患者口服尼莫地平片,40 mg/次,3次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服丹珍头痛胶囊,3粒/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗4周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后头痛发作情况积分、相关理化指标、颅内各动脉平均血流速度(MFV)。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为80.3%、93.4%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者头痛发作次数、持续时间、疼痛程度、伴随症状积分及总分均显著下降,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组患者的头痛发作次数、持续时间、疼痛程度、伴随症状积分及总分均显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血浆黏度(PV)、血小板聚集率(PAR)、血小板α颗粒膜蛋白(GMP-140)、D-二聚体(D-D)水平均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组PV、PAR、GMP-140、D-D水平均显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉、大脑后动脉的MFV均显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉、大脑后动脉的MFV均显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论丹珍头痛胶囊联合尼莫地平治疗偏头痛具有较好的临床疗效,能明显改善患者头痛发作情况,纠正血流变学异常,改善血栓前状态,调节脑血流量,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

肺炎并全身炎症反应综合征患儿血糖和C反应蛋白的变化

目的　探讨血糖、C反应蛋白 (CRP)在肺炎并全身炎症反应综合征 (SIRS)患儿中的改变及其意义。方法　选择 6 2例肺炎并SIRS患儿 ,动态测定血糖及CRP ,同时选择非SIRS的肺炎患儿和正常儿童作对照。结果　非SIRS组血糖与正常对照组比较差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ,而CRP显著高于正常对照组 (P<0 0 1) ;SIRS组血糖和CRP均显著高于非SIRS组 (P <0 0 1) ;具有SIRS诊断标准 3项以上的患儿 4 8h血糖和第 5dCRP持续不降 ,发生多器官功能不全综合征 (MODS)率明显增高 (P <0 0 1)。结论　肺炎时血糖和CRP联合检测有助于准确评估病情的危重度 ,血糖和CRP持续性升高 ,预示着MODS的可能发生。     

CARDIOVASCULAR ACTIONS OF HUMAN ENDOTHELIN IN CONSCIOUS SHEEP

1. Synthetic human endothelin was injected intravenously over the range 1.5-50 micrograms to examine its cardiovascular actions in conscious sheep. 2. Mean arterial pressure increased by 9-21 mmHg within 30-120 s over the range 5-50 micrograms endothelin. The increase in blood pressure was associated with increased calculated total peripheral resistance and a fall in cardiac output and heart rate. Stroke volume was increased. 3. Injection of endothelin into ganglion blocked sheep produced vasoconstriction and an increased blood pressure response associated with an attenuation of the effects on cardiac output, heart rate and stroke volume. 4. This study suggests that endothelin produces potent arterial vasoconstriction and reflex mediated effects on the heart in conscious sheep.     

银杏叶提取物EGb761对硝酸甘油型大鼠偏头痛的作用及机制

目的:研究银杏叶提取物EGb761对硝酸甘油型大鼠偏头痛的影响并初步探讨其机制。方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、假手术组、模型组、EGb761低、中、高剂量组,EGb761组以相应剂量EGb761灌胃一周,假手术组和模型组给予等量纯化水灌胃,正常对照组不做处理。末次给药后皮下注射硝酸甘油建立偏头痛大鼠模型,假手术组注射等量生理盐水,记录小鼠前肢搔头的次数,测定血浆血小板聚集率(platelet aggregation rate,PAR)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)和一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)的含量和脑组织中5-HT和NO的含量。结果:与模型组相比,EGb761可显著减少偏头痛模型大鼠前肢搔头次数(P<0.01),可明显降低血浆中PAR和NO含量(P<0.01;P<0.001)和脑组织中NO含量 (P<0.01),同时,EGb761可明显升高血浆和脑组织中5-HT含量(P<0.001;P<0.01)。结论:EGb761可以调节偏头痛大鼠PAR、NO、5-HT的水平,这可能是EGb761治疗偏头痛的机制之一。     

偏头痛与血浆内皮素

目的：测定５４例偏头痛患者与２０例紧张性头痛患者血浆内皮素（ＥＴ－１）的含量,探讨ＥＴ－１与其发病的关系。方法：用放射免疫分析法。结果：发现血浆ＥＴ－１含量在偏头痛发作期较正常对照组和紧张性头痛组升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。典型偏能间歇期血浆ＥＴ－１含量升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,而普通型偏头痛患者间歇期血浆ＥＴ－１升高不明显（Ｐ〉０．０５）。女性患者较男性为高。结论：提示偏头痛患者存在血管内皮细胞系统功能异