不同常用消毒剂对HIV消毒效果评价

目的观察各类常用消毒剂对人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的消毒效果。方法采用核酸定量法及病毒细胞培养法,对存在于全血或血浆中的HIV进行消毒试验。结果核酸定量法试验结果,含有效氯3 000 mg/L含氯消毒剂作用5 min、有效碘含量为100 mg/L碘伏作用1 min、75%酒精作用1 min对血浆中的HIV灭活对数值>4.00,有效含量5 000 mg/L过氧乙酸作用20 min对全血及血浆中的HIV灭活对数值均≤2.00;对于存在于全血中的HIV含氯消毒剂的杀灭能力受到影响较大,碘伏类消毒剂也需增加较大剂量;病毒细胞培养法试验结果,有效氯100 mg/L含氯消毒剂作用3 min、有效含量100 mg/L过氧乙酸作用3 min、有效碘含量50 mg/L碘伏作用1 min、75%的酒精作用30 s、0.05%戊二醛作用5 min,对HIV的灭活对数值均>4.00。结论核酸定量法与病毒灭活试验结果差异较大,前者是反映病毒灭活的间接指标,可用于快速筛选试验;后者是反映病毒灭活的直接指标,可作为最终判定。     

The effect of disinfectants on epidermal Langerhans cells--possibilities for the improvement of skin tolerance

The aim of this paper is the characterization of the skin tolerance to several desinfectants. For that reason, guinea pig epidermis was treated for 1, 7 and 14 days with conventional working dilution of peracetic acid-containing and phosphoric acid-containing desinfectants. In addition, buffered desinfectants were applied. In all cases, the exposure to desinfectants causes a disappearance of histochemically detectable Langerhans cells in the treated epidermis. The lowest number of Langerhans cells was encountered after the application of Wofasteril. The buffering of the working dilution causes significantly lower (p = 0.01) damages in the Langerhans cell population. Possibilities for improving the skin tolerance of this desinfectant in normal use could result.     

常规消毒剂对类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌的杀灭效果分析

目的分析评价临床及科研中常用4种消毒剂对类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌的杀灭效果,为临床类鼻疽治疗和科研活动中对该病原体的生物防护和沾染消除提供参考。方法选取临床及科研中常用4种消毒剂:碘伏,新洁尔灭,75%乙醇,84消毒液,在不同温度、不同消毒液浓度条件下,观察其在单位时间内对不同浓度的类鼻疽菌菌液中活菌的杀灭效果。结果常温条件下,0.5%碘伏和0.3%氯己定处理10min能杀灭类鼻疽菌,0.5%84消毒液20min、2%84消毒液5min也能有效杀灭该病原体,PerasafeTM消毒液和75%乙醇的杀灭处理3min即能起到洗消的目的。结论临床常用消毒剂对致病性的类鼻疽菌的杀灭效果较好,以PerasafeTM消毒液和75%乙醇的灭菌效果最佳,该试验提示,在未到达足够安全级别的实验室中进行少量病原操作(如分子生物学相关实验)和非严格隔离的病房内进行类鼻疽的临床诊疗过程中,有效防范类鼻疽菌的播散和传染并不困难,但基于类鼻疽菌的严重危害性和感染的高风险性,常规消毒剂的有效性还需要在更全面的动物模型上进行评价。     

The antimicrobial effect of selected disinfectants in combination with anionic active detergents

The bactericidal activity of chloramine and hydrogen peroxide can be increased with only few exceptions through admixture of various anionic detergents in dependence of the concentration of the detergent (used concentrations between 0.008-5.3%). On the other hand at chloride of lime only in a few cases was possible to indicate advantageous effects of combination.     

The effect of handling procedures on microbial contamination of enteral feeds--a comparison of the use of sterile vs non-sterile gloves.

The use of non-sterile disposable gloves to reduce the level of microbial contamination introduced into enteral feeds during the assembly of the feeding systems was investigated. No contamination was detected in any of the feed samples collected from the systems assembled wearing non-sterile gloves. The number of microorganisms transferred to the surface of agar plates used for fingerprint cultures was reduced from an average of 43-54 colony forming units (cfu) per plate for volunteers with bare hands to less than 1 cfu when they wore non-sterile gloves. No contamination was detected on plates touched by volunteers wearing sterile gloves.     

4种速干手消毒剂消毒效果现场试验研究

目的 验证速干手消毒剂的现场消毒效果,为临床选用合格的手消毒剂提供依据.方法 随机选择临床科室的医务人员作为受试者,分别使用4种速干手消毒剂对手进行消毒;并对消毒前后手部细菌进行采样、培养和计数,计算平均杀灭对数值,评价消毒效果.结果 4种速干手消毒剂现场使用均达到消毒合格标准.结论 速干手消毒剂适合临床卫生手消毒使用,正确选择和使用速干手消毒剂,可以达到良好的消毒效果,更好地预防控制医院感染.     

The laboratory evaluation of iodophor disinfectants with yeast suspensions.

The report investigates the variation in results noticed when testing iodophor disinfectants in the presence of a 5% (w/v) yeast suspension. It was found that these variations were not related to individual iodophor formulations but bore a direct relationship with the storage time of the prepared yeast suspension.     

速干手消毒剂使用效期与消毒效果研究

目的评价含乙醇速干手消毒剂使用30d后是否仍具有合格的乙醇浓度、良好的卫生手消毒效果以及较低污染情况,观察其在临床条件下的最长可使用时间。方法 2014年4-6月对综合医院同时启用的70瓶3M(9250P)速干手消毒剂的乙醇浓度、使用该产品进行卫生手消毒的效果及其细菌污染数进行测试,首次测试时间在启用后的第30天,然后每7d测试1次,直至该产品使用完。结果在床旁实际使用过程中3M(9250P)速干手消毒剂的乙醇浓度在启用后第30、37、44、51、58、65天均在有效范围内;使用该产品进行卫生手消毒的合格率均为100.0%;所有产品在使用过程中未发现细菌污染超标。结论 3M(9250P)速干手消毒剂在启用后的第65天仍具有有效的卫生手消毒能力,其他品牌的速干手消毒剂启用后的效期需进一步研究。     

Evaluating the effect of quaternary ammonium disinfectants on bacterial strains of animal origin

The authors evaluate two quaternary ammonium compounds, first and second generation, using three methods: minimum bactericide concentration, the suspension test of the German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology and the agar gel diffusion test. The compounds were tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis from sheep and pigs. The results show that quaternary ammonia compounds with dodecyl chains have greater efficacy than benzalconium chloride, and that quaternary ammonium compounds are more effective against gram-positive bacteria. No resistance linked to the strains used in the tests was detected. Finally, the authors demonstrate that all three techniques are valid for the evaluation of quaternary ammonium disinfectants.     

An investigation of the bactericidal effect of certain antiseptics and disinfectants on some hospital isolates of gram-negative bacteria.

The effect of widely used antiseptics and disinfectants on some hospital isolates of gram-negative bacteria was assessed by the quantitative suspension test Chlorhexidine gluconate (4%), savlon (1:100), and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite were tested. Savlon and chlorhexidine gluconate were effective at in-use concentrations and sodium hypochlorite was effective at 1:50 dilution.     

The relative resistance of f2 bacteriophage to inactivation by disinfectants.

f2 bacteriophage in the presence of fetal calf serum (at a final concentration of 10%) was exposed to six commonly used disinfectants for times of 10, 20 and 30 sec. At the end of exposure times skim milk neutralized the disinfectant activity and residual virus was assayed using the plaque technique. The 6 disinfectants considered were Javex, sodium hydroxide, ethanol, Wescodyne, One Stroke Ves-Phene and Sonacide. A 0.25% (w/v) solution of sodium hydroxide and 1/50 Javex (1200 parts/10(6) chlorine) were the most effective of the six disinfectants considered since 10(5) f2 bacteriophage were inactivated in 30 seconds in each instance. Since a 0.25% (w/v) solution of sodium hydroxide had a pH of 12.5 this made it too caustic to use as a disinfectant in many practical situations. It was concluded therefore that Javex at some dilution less than 1/50 (greater than 1200 parts/10(6) chlorine) was the most practical of the six disinfectants to use. Ethanol (95%, v/v) inactivated 10(3) f2 bacteriophage in 30 seconds while 1/20 Wescodyne and undiluted Sonacide inactivated 10(1)-virus particles. Ves-Phene at a dilution of 1/50 was a completely ineffective virucide during the 30 sec exposure. The resistance of f2 bacteriophage to inactivation by these six disinfectants was compared with that of echovirus 11 and coxsackievirus B5. In all instances except exposure to undiluted Sonacide, f2 was comparable in resistance to inactivation and in many cases had greater resistance.