不同剂量致敏原对小鼠哮喘模型气道反应性的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量致敏原鸡卵蛋白(OVA)制备哮喘模型时对哮喘小鼠气道反应性的影响。方法:将30只BALB/c小鼠随机分为哮喘组和正常对照组(C组),哮喘组又分为小剂量OVA致敏组(A组)和大剂量OVA致敏组(B组),每组各10只。A、B组在开始和第14天时给予含OVA的致敏液200μl(A组含10μg OVA,B组含2 mg OVA,两者含同样的氢氧化铝及生理盐水),21 d开始雾化吸入OVA,连续雾化6 d,操作时观察小鼠活动及呼吸情况;各组分别于末次雾化激发24 h后测定小鼠的无创肺功能中的增强呼气间歇(Penh)值以评价气道反应性;对支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)行细胞总数、嗜酸粒细胞计数;取肺组织作HE染色病理切片;ELISA方法测外周血、BALF上清液中的IgE、IFN-γ含量。结果:哮喘B组在第二次致敏后可见喘息、呼吸困难、口唇和尾巴黏膜发紫表现,并在雾化时出现扭体、燥动、呼吸加快等症状。哮喘A、B组的Penh值明显高于C组(P<0.01);从乙酰甲胆碱(Mch)6.25 mg.m l-1开始时哮喘B组的Penh值明显高于哮喘A组(P<0.01)。哮喘A组的BALF中细胞总数、嗜酸粒细胞数(2.41±0.90,0.93±0.18)较正常对照组明显增高(0.65±0.34,0.30±0.16,均P<0.05);哮喘B组中BALF中细胞总数、嗜酸粒细胞数(4.89±3.49,1.74±0.76)较正常对照组增高(均P<0.05);哮喘B组BALF中细胞总数、嗜酸粒细胞数与哮喘A组比较差异无统计学意义。哮喘A、B组的支气管、血管周围,肺间质及肺泡腔内可见嗜酸粒细胞、淋巴细胞浸润,气道上皮损伤,结构紊乱,气道内杯状细胞肥大增生,气道内分泌大量黏液并有黏液栓形成;正常对照组肺组织气道结构清晰,气道纤毛上皮排列整齐,无明显的炎症改变。哮喘A、B组中外周血和BALF的IgE含量均较正常组的增多(P<0.01);哮喘B组中外周血及BALF的IgE含量(37.47±6.18,26.10±7.18)较哮喘A组(26.09±3.76,12.47±3.02,均P<0.01)明显增多。哮喘A、B组中外周血和BALF中的IFN-γ含量均较正常组减少(P<0.01);哮喘B组中外周血及BALF的IFN-γ含量(35.29±10.92,37.44±21.01)与哮喘A组比较差异无统计学意义(32.22±10.04,36.89±22.00,均P>0.05)。结论:哮喘小鼠组模型制备成功。在观察气道高反应方面,较高剂量OVA致敏哮喘模型较低剂量OVA致敏的气道高反应性更敏感。     

烟曲霉暴露对哮喘大鼠气道炎症、气道反应性及血清总IgE水平的影响

目的探讨烟曲霉孢子雾化吸入对哮喘大鼠气道炎症、气道反应性以及血清总IgE水平的影响。方法将18只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为正常组、哮喘组和烟曲霉暴露组。以卵白蛋白致敏、激发的方法构建大鼠哮喘模型。烟曲霉暴露组在哮喘模型构建成功后,给予慢性烟曲霉雾化吸入。测定每组大鼠对乙酰甲胆碱(Mch)的气道反应性,采集标本,观测血清总IgE水平以及气道内炎症的变化情况。结果烟曲霉孢子吸入进一步加重了哮喘气道炎症反应及气道高反应性(Mch12.5、25及50 mg/m L浓度下P均0.05),IgE水平也有显著的提升(P0.05)。各组大鼠血清总IgE水平与气道反应性指标PC100(Penh值升高基础水平2倍时的Mch浓度定为PC100)密切相关(r=-0.873,P0.01),与支气管肺泡灌洗液内嗜酸粒细胞百分比也呈现明显的相关性(r=0.937,P0.01)。结论烟曲霉孢子吸入能够显著促进哮喘大鼠肺部嗜酸粒细胞性炎症及气道高反应性的恶化,而气道高反应性及嗜酸粒细胞炎症的加重可能与血清总IgE水平的升高密切相关。     

隐孔菌多糖成分对致敏大鼠气道高反应性和炎症细胞的影响

目的：研究隐孔茼多糖成分对大鼠气道高反应性的影响，初步探索其作用机制。方法：采用卵白蛋白致敏雾化吸入攻击制备大鼠哮喘模型，隐孔茼多糖成分A、B(5mg／kg、20mg／kg)和酮替芬(5mg／kg)及溶媒对照(等量生理盐水)灌胃10d。用甲酰胆碱激发气道高反应性后，行支气管肺泡灌洗和腹腔灌洗，计数支气管肺泡灌洗液中细胞总数并分类，和腹腔灌洗液中脱颗粒肥大细胞及白细胞分类。结果：隐孔菌多糖成分A、B均能明显抑制致敏大鼠抗原攻击后气道阻力的增加及肺顺应性的下降；减少支气管肺泡灌洗液中白细胞总数，降低嗜酸细胞的数目，以多糖B作用更明显；多糖A和多糖B也明显抑制腹腔肥大细胞脱颗粒及腹腔嗜酸性粒细胞的渗出。结论：隐孔菌多糖A、B成分抑制大鼠的气道高反应性，其作用可能与稳定肥大细胞膜、抑制嗜酸细胞炎症和趋化有关。     

阿奇霉素对哮喘小鼠气道炎症和Th2细胞因子的影响

目的观察不同浓度阿奇霉素对哮喘小鼠气道炎症细胞和辅助性T细胞2(Th2)型细胞因子IL-4、IL-5的影响。方法BALB/c小鼠40只随机分为5组:A组(哮喘模型组,8只)、B组(小剂量阿奇霉素治疗组,8只)、C组(中剂量阿奇霉素治疗组,8只)、D组(大剂量阿奇霉素治疗组,8只)、E组(正常对照组,8只)。A、B、C、D组小鼠于第1、13天分别给予卵清蛋白(OVA)20μg和氢氧化铝1mg的混悬液腹腔注射致敏,于第21～30天每天给予雾化吸入2%OVA生理盐水溶液建立哮喘模型,第14～30天,A组每天激发前30min给予生理盐水0.2ml腹腔注射作为阳性对照组,B、C、D组每天激发前30min分别给予阿奇霉素50、100、150mg.kg-1.d-1腹腔注射,均为每天1次。E组以生理盐水代替OVA致敏和激发。所有动物于第31天处死,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),制备肺组织石蜡切片,用计数板检测BALF中炎症细胞总数及嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)数,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测BALF中IL-4、IL-5水平。结果A、B、C、D组的BALF中炎症细胞总数、EOS数及IL-4、IL-5水平较E组明显增高,HE染色显示A、B、C、D组支气管黏膜周围有EOS、淋巴细胞等炎症细胞浸润,EOS分别与IL-4、IL-5呈显著正相关。阿奇霉素可明显降低哮喘小鼠的气道炎症和IL-4、IL-5水平。结论阿奇霉素具有明显抗哮喘气道炎症的作用,可通过抑制Th2反应,减轻慢性气道炎症。     

缺锌对哮喘大鼠气道炎症的影响

目的 探讨缺锌对哮喘大鼠气道炎症的影响。方法 SD大鼠32只，根据体重按随机区组设计分为4组，每组8只。A组为缺锌饲料＋卵清蛋白（OVA）激发组；B组为正常锌饲料＋OVA激发组；C组为正常锌饲料配对饲养＋OVA激发组；D组为正常锌饲料＋生理盐水激发组。建立缺锌及哮喘模型，诱喘后24h取支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）进行细胞分类及右肺中叶HE染色，镜下观察支气管肺组织形态学改变并计数气道壁及BALF中嗜酸粒细胞、中性粒细胞及巨噬细胞数。结果：A、B、C组BALF及支气管管壁中嗜酸粒细胞、中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞数较D组明显增加（P〈0．05）。与B组大鼠相比，A组大鼠＆地F及支气管管壁中嗜酸粒细胞、中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞数明显增加（P〈0．05），气道炎症反应增加。B组与C组相比，气道炎症反应无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论 缺锌时哮喘大鼠气道炎症反应增加，这可能是饮食锌的摄入减少导致哮喘发作增加及症状加重的原因。     

支气管哮喘患者气道炎症与EOS的PI3 K/Akt信号通路活化程度的关系研究

目的研究支气管哮喘患者气道炎症与嗜酸粒细胞(eosinnophil, EOS)的磷脂酰肌醇激酶3/蛋白激酶B（phosphatidylinositol kinase 3/protein kinase B, PI3K/Akt）信号通路活化程度的关系。 方法选取于我院就诊的36例气管哮喘患者作为观察组,选取同时段于我院的36例健康体检者为对照组。收集患者临床资料,并检测气道壁面积占气道总横截面积百分比(WA%)、支气管管壁厚度与外径比值(T/D),以及诱导痰的细胞分布情况。分析不同痰嗜酸粒细胞水平患者的气道重塑、炎症指标以及PI3K/Akt信号通路相关蛋白水平,以及采用Person相关性分析炎症指标与PI3K/Akt信号通路相关蛋白的关系。 结果观察组嗜酸粒细胞占比均明显高于对照组,而中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞占比明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。高嗜酸粒细胞组的呼出气一氧化氮(fractional exhaled nitric oxide,FeNO)体积浓度、血清总IgE、T/D、WA明显高于低嗜酸粒细胞组（P＜0.05）。高嗜酸粒细胞组患者的PI3K、p-Akt表达水平明显高于低嗜酸粒细胞组（P＜0.05）。Pearson分析显示FeNO体积浓度、血清总IgE分别与PI3K、p-Akt具有正相关性（P＜0.05）。 结论支气管哮喘患者的EOS的PI3K/Akt信号通路处于活化状态,与气道炎症（FeNO、血清IgE）具有正相关性。     

苏黄止咳胶囊对尘螨诱导哮喘小鼠气道炎症和黏液高分泌的影响

目的探讨苏黄止咳胶囊对尘螨诱导哮喘小鼠气道炎症和黏液高分泌的影响和机制。方法将30只雌性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组、哮喘组和治疗组,每组10只。哮喘组和治疗组小鼠使用尘螨过敏原进行致敏、激发,建立哮喘模型;治疗组小鼠于每次激发前2 h予3.5 g·kg-1苏黄止咳胶囊PBS溶液灌胃,对照组、哮喘组予PBS溶液灌胃,连续灌胃7 d。检测各组气道高反应[增强呼气间歇（Penh）值],HE染色观察肺部炎症,评估小鼠肺泡灌洗液中细胞总数和嗜酸粒细胞数量,过碘酸雪夫染色（PAS）评估小鼠气道杯状细胞增生情况,免疫组织化学染色（IHC）和实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）分别评估小鼠气道MUC5AC蛋白和mRNA水平;ELISA法检测小鼠脾细胞培养上清液中细胞因子IL-4、IL-5和IL-13水平以及血清中尘螨特异性IgE抗体（HDM-sIgE）含量。结果与哮喘组相比,治疗组Penh值、肺泡灌洗液细胞总数和嗜酸性细胞、MUC5AC蛋白和mRNA表达水平、HDM-sIgE含量、IL-5和IL-13水平均显著减少（均P<0.05）,肺部炎症浸润情况得到明显改善,气道杯状细胞增生现象明显减少。结论苏黄止咳胶囊能抑制IL-5、IL-13及sIgE分泌,减轻尘螨诱导哮喘气道炎症和黏液高分泌。     

复方黄龙汤对哮喘小鼠气道炎症的影响与机制

目的建立Balb/C小鼠的急性哮喘模型,应用复方黄龙汤进行治疗,并与地塞米松治疗效果比较,探讨复方黄龙汤对小鼠哮喘气道炎症的影响及作用机制。方法选取24只6～8周龄雌性Balb/C小鼠,体重(20±2)g,应用随机数字法随机分为正常对照组(A组)、哮喘模型组(B组)、地塞米松治疗组(C组)和复方黄龙汤治疗组(D组),每组6只。应用卵白蛋白致敏液腹腔注射联合OVA雾化吸入法建立哮喘模型,B、C、D组在第0、14天向小鼠腹腔注射OVA配置而成的致敏液0.2ml,第28、29、30天吸入1%OVA/PBS 10ml激发哮喘,造模23天后,C组每天给予地塞米松(2mg/kg),D组每天给予复方黄龙汤(2.7ml/kg);激发结束后,用无创肺功能测量仪测量小鼠气道反应性,qRT-PCR法测定小鼠肺组织中T-bet及GATA-3mRNA的含量,酶联吸附反应测定肺泡灌洗液中IL-4及IFN-γ含量,将肺泡灌洗液离心沉淀后涂片进行中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和淋巴细胞等炎性细胞计数,用HE染色肺组织,评价病理改变。结果无创肺功能显示雾化吸入乙酰胆碱剂量>12.5μg/ml时,C组和D组penh值明显低于B组(P<0.05),但高于A组,差异无统计学意义;肺组织中T-bet mRNA表达B组高于A组(P<0.001),D组含量高于B组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。而GATA-3mRNA表达C、D组低于B组(均P<0.01)。肺泡灌洗液中IL-4含量B组高于A、C和D组(均P<0.01),而IFN-γ含量B组远低于A组(均P<0.01),D组肺泡灌洗液中IFN-γ含量较B组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在小鼠肺泡灌洗液中B组嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)比C、D组明显增多(P<0.01);B组气道壁和肺组织中大量炎性细胞浸润(以嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞为主),支气管管壁增厚,管腔狭窄,与A组比较差异明显;C、D两组小鼠细支气管管腔呈圆形,较规整,其中C组管壁增厚较D组明显,气道壁和肺组织可见嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)及少量淋巴细胞浸润,基底膜无增厚,与B组比较明显减轻。结论复方黄龙汤可通过降低小鼠肺组织炎症反应,减轻支气管重塑,改善肺功能,其作用可能是通过上调T-bet和下调GATA-3平衡来实现的。     

舌下含服粉尘螨疫苗免疫治疗法对哮喘小鼠树突状细胞及NF-κB的影响

目的通过对哮喘模型小鼠舌下含服粉尘螨疫苗进行治疗,研究治疗前后树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)和NF-κB在颌下淋巴结和肺部的变化,比较高剂量疫苗和低剂量疫苗对哮喘小鼠的治疗疗效。方法采用常规方法制备舌下含服粉尘螨疫苗。28只BALB/c小鼠按随机数字表法分为正常组(A组)、哮喘模型组(B组)、粉尘螨高剂量治疗组(C组)、粉尘螨低剂量治疗组(D组),每组7只。检测小鼠气道高反应性,观察支气管肺胞灌洗液(BALF)中细胞计数和分类,肺组织HE染色观察小鼠肺部炎症状况;通过免疫组织化学染色和体视学测量观察各组小鼠肺组织NF-κB阳性细胞的变化和颌下淋巴结33D1阳性DC的表达。结果 C组BALF中嗜酸性细胞计数、肺组织炎症细胞浸润较B组显著减少(P<0.05),气道高反应性下降(P<0.01)。C、D组哮喘小鼠颌下淋巴结33D1阳性DC和肺部NF-κB阳性细胞的数密度、体密度、表面积密度均下降,C组比D组下降更明显(P<0.01)。结论高剂量舌下含服粉尘螨疫苗治疗哮喘小鼠有显著疗效,与DC的免疫耐受和NF-κB的下调密切相关。     

支气管哮喘患者的护理体会

支气管哮喘是由多种细胞(如嗜酸粒细胞、肥大细胞、T淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、气道上皮细胞等)和细胞组分参与的气道慢性炎症性疾病,气管哮喘大多在支气管反应性增高的基础上由变应原或其他因素引起不同程度的弥漫性支气管痉挛、粘膜水肿、粘液分泌物增多及牯膜纤毛功能障碍等变化.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.