Expression of transforming growth factor-α and hepatitis B surface antigen in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and its significance

AIM: To evaluate the expression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and its significance. METHODS: Seventy specimens of HCC tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method. Five specimens of normal human liver tissues were used as control. RESULTS: The TGF-α positive expression rates in HCC and its surrounding tissues were 74.3%(52/70) and 88. t%(52/59), respectively. TGF-α positive granules were mainly in the cytoplasm and fewer existed on the karyotheca. The TGF-α positive expressing rate in well differentiated HCC was significantly higher than that in moderately and poorly differentiated HCC (P＜0.05). The TGF-α positive expression also was observed in intrahepatic bile ducts (part of those were hyperplastic ducts). The HBsAg positive expression rates in HCC and its surrounding tissues were 21.4%(15/70) and 79.7%(47/59), respectively. HBsAg positive granules were in the cytoplasm, inclusion and on the karyotheca. There was a prominent positive correlation between TGF-α and HBsAg expression in HCC surrounding tissues (P＜0.05, γ=0.34). TGF-α was usually existed with HBsAg in regenerated and/or dysplastic liver cells. In the five normal liver tissues, TGF-α and HBsAg were not detectable in hepatocytes and bile ducts.CONCLUSION: Hepatitis B virus infection is closely related with hepatocarcinogenesis. The overexpression of TGF-α in the liver seems to be associated with the regeneration of hepatocytes injured by HBsAg. The continued expression of TGF-α might lead to dysplasia of liver cells and development of HCC. Furthermore, TGF-α might play a role in morphogenesis and regeneration of intrahepatic bile ducts.     

Over expression of transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor in human hepatic cirrhosis tissues

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Transforming growth factor-alpha has 30% amino acid homology to epidermal growth factor and binds with the same membrane-bound receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor in human hepatic cirrhosis tissues. METHODOLOGY: Expression of transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor was evaluated by immunohistochemistry stain in sixty-three hepatic cirrhosis specimens and five normal liver specimens. RESULTS: The transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor expression rates were 84.1% (53/63) and 52.4% (33/63), respectively. These positive granules were brown and most common in cytoplasm or cell membrane of hepatocytes. There was prominently positive correlation between transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor (P<0.05, gamma=0.32). In five normal liver tissues, transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor were not detectable in hepatocytes and bile ducts. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic cirrhosis might be under the autocrine regulation of transforming growth factor-alpha and its receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor. Increasing expression of transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor might be one of the important events in hepatic cirrhosis pathogenesis. Furthermore, transforming growth factor-alpha might play a role in morphogenesis and regeneration of intrahepatic bile ducts.     

Intrahepatic expression of HBsAg and HBcAg in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and its follow-up

Intrahepatic expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was investigated in 46 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers by a direct immuno-fluorescent method. In 21 HBeAg positive carriers, HBsAg was expressed diffusely on the membrane of hepatocytes, with associated cytoplasmic localization in a few scattered hepato-cytes. HBcAg was expressed in the nucleus of many hepatocytes and in the cytoplasm of a few scattered hepatocytes, but not on the cell membrane. In 25 anti-HBe positive carriers, HBsAg was expressed on the surface and in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes diffusely and/or focally, but neither intrahepatic HBcAg nor serum HBV-DNA was detected. Repeat liver biopsies were performed in 17 patients. In eight of 13 HBeAg-positive HBsAg carriers, who developed histologically proven chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, the localization of HBsAg in liver had changed from a membranous to a mixed (membrane and cytoplasm) pattern, and localization of HBcAg in liver had changed from a predominantly nuclear to a predominantly membranous and cytoplasmic pattern. However, in two HBeAg and two anti-HBe positive cases who showed no biochemical and histologic change at follow-up, the intrahepatic expressions of HBsAg and HBcAg in the second biopsies remained unchanged. Thus, decrease in membranous expression of HBsAg and increase in membranous and cytoplasmic expression of HBcAg were associated with progression to chronic liver disease. This suggests that membranous HBcAg may represent the major target in the process of injury to hepatocytes.     

肝细胞癌变过程中核转录因子-κB表达的基础与临床研究

目的观察肝细胞癌（HCC）形成过程中核转录因子-kB（NF-kB）动态改变及临床价值。方法雄性SD大鼠以2-乙酰氨基芴（2-FAA）制备肝癌模型，经病理组织学分析肝细胞形态学变化，定量观察NF-kB动态变化。并以自身配对法收集经手术切除后的肝癌及其癌周组织，定量分析肝癌组织中NF-kB表达及病理学特征。结果诱癌后肝细胞发生颗粒样变性、不典型增生、到高分化肝细胞癌形成；在此过程中，NF-kB表达呈梯度增加。NF-kB阳性表达呈棕黄色颗粒状染色，癌组织NF-kB点灶状表达，定位于胞浆和细胞核；癌周组织NF-kB主要定位于胞浆，未见细胞核阳性。人肝癌组NF-kB明显高于癌周组织（P〈0．01），癌组织NF-kB表达阳性率为100％，癌周组织为68．6％（X^2=13．1，P〈0．01）。其表达与分化程度、肿瘤数目和肿瘤直径无关。结论NF-kB表达参与肝癌的发生、发展,活性抑制可能是肝癌基因治疗的新靶点。     

Expression of apolipoprotein A-1 mRNA in normal intrahepatic biliary tree

Abstract: Our previous study demonstrated that apolipoprotein A-1 (apo A-1) immunoreactive peptides were located diffusely in the cytoplasm, not only of human normal hepatocytes, but also of intrahepatic bile ducts and peribiliary glands. It is important to determine whether the presence of these immunoreactive peptides in intrahepatic biliary tree is caused by pinocytosis from the bile, or by intracellular protein synthesis. Thus, we investigated whether apo A-1 is synthesized by cells that line the biliary tree. Normal human liver samples obtained at surgery were used, and the expression and distribution of apo A-1 mRNA in normal human liver tissues were examined, using in situ hybridization histochemistry with a ³⁵S-labeled oligonucleotide probe specific for apo A-1. On the autoradiogram, many silver grains were found to be distributed uniformly in hepatocytes. In addition, an appreciable apo A-1 mRNA signal was also observed in both the surface epithelial lining of the bile ducts and the epithelial cells of the peribiliary glands. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the apo A-1 found in bile is secreted both by hepatocytes and by intrahepatic bile duct cells and peribiliary glands.     

肝细胞癌组织中PTEN蛋白表达

探讨抑癌基因PTEN在肝细胞癌 (HCC)组织及癌旁组织的表达、临床意义。采用免疫组织化学SP法检测PTEN。 4例正常肝组织均呈PTEN蛋白阳性 ;HCC及其癌旁肝组织中的阳性率分别为 5 8 8%(2 0 / 34)和 10 0 %(34/ 34) ,两者比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。中分化癌阳性率为 77 8%(14 / 18) ,低分化阳性率为 2 5 %(3/ 12 ) ,两者比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 0 1)。PTEN蛋白表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、有无包膜及门脉癌栓均无明显关系 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但与HCC分化程度明显相关 ,HCC分化愈差 ,PTEN蛋白表达愈弱。PTEN蛋白表达与HCC分化程度明显相关。     

Expression of Notch-1 and its ligand Jagged-1 in rat liver during liver regeneration

The Notch/Jagged signaling pathway is important for cellular differentiation and proliferation. Its dysfunction is associated with human pathologies in several tissues including liver. Point mutations in Jagged-1 gene are the cause for Alagille syndrome, associated with paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts. To determine the putative role of the trans-membrane receptor Notch and its ligand Jagged-1 in liver regeneration, we investigated the expression of Notch and Jagged-1 in rat liver following 2/3 partial hepatectomy. Immunohistochemical staining of normal rat liver showed that Notch was expressed in hepatocytes, bile duct cells and endothelial cells, whereas Jagged-1 was expressed in bile duct cells and hepatocytes. Both Notch-1 and Jagged-1 proteins were upregulated in hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy up to day 4. After partial hepatectomy, nuclear translocation of the intracellular cytoplasmic domain of Notch (NICD) increased and peaked within 15 minutes, indicating the activation of Notch. Expression of the Notch-dependent target gene (HES-1) expression increased within 30-60 minutes. Addition of recombinant Jagged-1 protein to primary cultures of hepatocytes stimulated hepatocyte DNA synthesis. Furthermore, injection of silencing RNA for Notch and Jagged-1 to livers 2 days before partial hepatectomy significantly suppressed proliferation of hepatocytes at days 2 to 4 of the regenerative response. In conclusion, Notch/Jagged signaling pathway is activated during liver regeneration and is potentially contributing to signals affecting cell growth and differentiation.     

肝癌组织中核因子κB的表达与肿瘤坏死因子α的相关性分析

目的 探讨核因子κB(NF-κB)在肝癌组织中的表达特点及其与肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)、临床病理学特征的关系. 方法以自身配对法收集手术后肝癌及其癌周组织各30份,以免疫组织化学法和酶联免疫吸附法检测肝癌和癌周组织中NF-κB的定位和表达,并以酶联免疫吸附法定量分析肝癌和癌周组织中TNF α的水平.样本均数间的比较先进行方差齐性检验,方差相等时进行t检验或方差分析;样本率之间的比较采用x~2检验;等级资料的比较采用秩和检验;相关性分析采用Pearson相关分析.用Stata7.0统计软件包处理、分析数据.结果 NF-κB蛋白在肝癌组织的胞核和胞质中均有表达,而对应的癌周组织中仅在胞质中有表达;NF-κB表达的阳性率肝癌组织中为100.0%,癌周组织为63.3%,x~2=13.47,P<0.01,差异有统计学意义.NF一κB表达强度:肝癌组织(+)4例、(++)10例、(+++)16例,癌周组织(-)11例、(+)7例、(++)9例,(+++)3例,肝癌组织中NF-κB的表达强度明显高于其对应的癌周组织,u=4.44,P<0.01,差异有统计学意义.核蛋白NF-κB的表达水平.肝癌组织中大约是癌周组织的1.9倍,t=23.17,P<0.01,差异有统计学意义.TNF α的表达水平在肝癌组织中大约是癌周组织的2.3倍.t＝39.22,P<0.01,差异有统计学意义.核蛋白NF-κB及TNF α的表达呈显著正相关,r=0.964,t=19.31,P<0.01.肝癌组织中核蛋白NF-κB的表达水平与肿瘤的分化程度、肿瘤数目、肿瘤大小和HBsAg是否阳性未见明显的相关性,各组间的差异无统计学意义. 结论TNF α可诱导NF-κB活化,进入细胞核内参与肝癌的发生和发展.     

Significance of hepatitis B virus surface antigen, hepatitis C virus expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and pericarcinomatous tissues

AIM： To investigate the correlation between hepatitis B virus surface antigen （HBsAg）, hepatitis C virus （HCV） expression in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, the HAI score of the noncancerous region of the liver and the serum Alpha fetoprotein （AFP） level.
METHODS： The patterns of HBsAg and HCV in 100 cases of HCC and their surrounding liver tissues were studied on paraffin-embedded sections with immunohistochemistry, the histological status was determined by one pathologist and one surgeon simultaneously using the hepatitis activity index （HAIl score, and AFP was detected by radioimmunity. The study included 100 consecutive patients who underwent curative resection for HCC. Based on HBsAg and HCV expression, the patients were classified into 4 groups： patients positive for HBsAg （HBsAg group）, patients positive for HCV （HCV group）, patients negative for both HCV and HBsAg （NBNC group） and patients positive for both HBsAg and HCV （BC group）.
RESULTS： The BC group had significantly higher HAI scores than the other three groups. （BC 〉 HCV 〉 HBsAg 〉 NBNC）. HBV and HCV virus infection was positively correlated with HAI （rs = 0.39, P = 0.00011. The positive rate of AFP （85.7%） and the value of AFP （541.2 ng/mL） in the group with HBV and HCV co-infection were the highest among the four groups. The positive rate （53.3%） of AFP and the value of AFP （ 53.3 ng/mL） in the group with none-infection of HBV and HCV were the lowest. HBV and HCV virus infection was positively correlated with AFP（rs = 0.38, P = 0.0001）.
CONCLUSION： The AFP increase in patients with liver cancer was positively correlated with the infection of HBV and HCV. The-serum AFP elevation by the infection of HBV and HCV is one of mechanisms which lead to hepatocarcinogenesis, and the antivirus intervening treatment of hepatitis is significant for the prognosis of liver cancer. From our Spearman＇s rank correlation analysis, we can conclude that the severity of virally induced     

Loss of cooperative function of transforming growth factor-beta signaling proteins, smad3 with embryonic liver fodrin, a beta-spectrin, in primary biliary cirrhosis.

Modulation of fibrogenesis, epithelial, and mesenchymal cell fates are prominent effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling by Smad proteins. We have previously shown that Smad2 and Smad3 insufficiency leads to a loss of bile ducts. In addition, Smad3/4 activity is mediated by embryonic liver fodrin (ELF), a beta-Spectrin. In mouse elf(-/-) mutants and in liver explant cultures, loss of ELF function results in T lymphocytic proliferation and absent intrahepatic bile ducts. A similar phenotype is seen in a number of cholestatic diseases with progressive loss of intrahepatic bile ducts and fibrosis. However, the expression patterns of Smads or role of ELF in cholestatic and fibrotic liver diseases are not yet known. METHODS/RESULTS: We investigated the role of ELF in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), autoimmune hepatitis C, chronic viral hepatitis and in livers from mice deficient in Smad2/Smad3. We generated elf(+/-) mutant mice and analyzed for chronic liver disease and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) from 6 to 12 months. Perturbations in ELF expression were consistently seen only in PBC tissues. ELF expression was similarly aberrant in tissues from Smad2(+/-)/Smad3(+/-) mutant mice. Further studies indicated that ELF mislocalization is correlated with aberrant localization of Smad3 in some PBC tissues. Thirteen of 17 elf(+/-) mutant mice developed steatosis, fibrosis, hepatic dysplasia, with HCC in two mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a compromised cytoarchitecture and polarized trafficking of TGF-beta signaling molecules, ELF and Smad3 are involved in the pathogenesis of PBC as well as HCC.     

Immunohistochemical expression of manganese superoxide dismutase in hepatocellular carcinoma,using a specific monoclonal antibody

The expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn−SOD) was studied immunohistochemically, using a specific monoclonal antibody, in surgically resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and noncancerous tissues from 47 patients (2 with well-differentiated HCC, 36 with moderately differentiated HCC, 8 with poorly differentiated HCC, and 1 with undifferentiated carcinoma). Cancer cells in 44 patients (93.6%) were positive for Mn−SOD. The staining pattern of cancer cells was mostly homogeneous in well-differentiated HCC, whereas it was heterogeneous in poorly differentiated HCC. Moreover, strongly positive immunoreactivity was observed in noncancerous liver tissues in all patients, especially in normal hepatocytes surrounding HCC, regenerative small hepatocytes in the tumor boundary, and mononuclear inflammatory cells in the necroinflammatory lesions. The positive immunoreactivity for Mn−SOD in patients with HCC appears to reflect increased production of the enzyme protein.     

肝细胞癌变过程中核因子-κB及其基因的动态表达与定量分析

目的 观察肝癌形成过程中核因子-κB(NF-κB)及NF-κB mRNA动态表达与作用机制.方法 雄性SD大鼠以2-乙酰氨基芴制备肝癌模型,经病理组织学分析肝细胞形态学变化,定量观察NF-κB动态变化,以巢式PCR分析NF-κB mRNA的表达.并以自身配对法收集经手术切除后的肝癌及其癌周组织,定量分析肝癌组织中NF-κB表达及病理学特征. 结果诱癌后在肝细胞呈颗粒样变性,不典型增生,肝细胞癌形成,NF-κB及基因表达呈梯度增加.NF-κB阳性表达呈棕黄色颗粒状染色,癌组织NF-κB点灶状表达,定位于胞质和细胞核,癌周组织NF-κB主要定位于胞质,未见细胞核阳性.癌变过程中NF-κB mRNA表达明显增强.人肝癌组织NF-κB(69.3±40.2)pg/mg,明显高于癌周组织(21.0±17.2)pg/mg(t=6.54,P＜0.01).癌组织NF-κB表达阳性率为100%,癌周组织为68.6%(X2=13.05,P＜0.01).其表达与肿瘤分化程度,肿瘤数目和肿瘤直径无关. 结论 NF-κB异常表达与肝癌的发生发展有关,表达抑制有助于肝痛治疗.     

Expression of transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract: Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) is thought to be involved in liver regeneration, cellular proliferation, and hepatocarcinog-enesis. We have looked at the relationship between TGF-alpha and it's receptor, and have attempted to relate the expression of TGF-alpha and it's receptor to the differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on serial sections of HCC. We examined immunohistochemically the expression of the TGF-alpha and of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) proteins in the same area of 53 nodules (<5 cm in diameter) of HCC obtained from patients. Immnnoreactive proteins were visualized by using a biotin-streptoavidin system (LSAB Kit, Dako). TGF-alpha was strongly expressed in 29 of 53 (54.7%) nodules. Specimens strongly positive for TGF-alpha were found mainly in well-differentiated HCC, while specimens positive for EGFR were found mainly in poorly differentiated HCC (p<0.05). In the tissues that stained weakly positive for TGF-alpha, the expression of EGFR differed significantly, according to the degree of HCC histologic differentiation (p<0.05). These results led us to speculate that the expression of TGF-alpha and EGFR might be related to the pattern of histologic differentiation of HCC.     

丁型肝炎患者肝组织HDAg与HBsAg/HBcAg和HBV DNA相关性研究

目的探讨丁型肝炎患者肝组织中HDAg与HBsAg,HBcAg和HBV DNA表达及相关性.方法应用免疫组化双重染色及连续切片技术和原位杂交,检测了79例丁型肝炎患者肝组织HDAg,HBsAg,HBcAg和HBVDNA表达,以52例乙型肝炎作对照.结果丁型肝炎HBsAg,HBcAg检出率为81%,71%,乙型肝炎为94%,92%,两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05或0.01).HDAg以肝细胞核表达为主,其次是胞质表达,HBsAg以肝细胞浆表达为主,HDAg和HBsAg表达强度及阳性细胞分布呈一致性,两种抗原的表达程度与肝组织的炎症活动和病理损害相关(P＜0.01).HBcAg以以肝细胞核表达为主,阳性细胞主要呈单个细胞或点状分布,且HBcAg阳性细胞明显少于HDAg阳性细胞.HDAg表达强度与HBV DNA表达呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论HDV感染会抑制HBV DNA复制或病毒抗原表达;在HDV致病机制中HDV的直接细胞毒性可能起主要作用,也有HBV的协同作用.     

肝癌组织中HIF-1α的表达与HIF-1α mRNA的扩增分析

目的分析肝癌组织中缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）及其基因的表达。方法以自身配对法分别收集经手术切除患者的肝癌及癌周组织各35份,以免疫组化法检测肝癌及癌周组织HIF-1α的表达,从癌组织中制备总RNA、逆转录合成cDNA,以巢式PCR扩增HIF-1α基因片段和DNA测序分析,以探讨HIF-1α及其基因表达的病理特征。结果肝癌及癌周组织中HIF-1α阳性表达呈棕黄色颗粒状,主要定位于胞浆中,部分位于胞核;癌周组织表达较强,中央静脉周闹表达明显;癌周组织HIF-1α表达阳性率明显高于肝癌组织（P〈0.01）;癌周组织中总RNA浓度明显高于肝癌组织（P〈0.01）;肝癌和癌周组织HIF-1α基因阳性率分别为54.3％和74.3％（P〉0.05）;癌组织HIF-1α表达率与肿瘤大小相关,与肿瘤数目和HBsAg阳性间未见明显相关。结论肝癌的发生、发展与肝组织HIF-1α过表达密切相关。     

缺氧诱导因子1α在肝癌中的表达及意义

目的检测肝癌组织及培养的肝癌细胞株HepG2细胞中缺氧诱导因子1α（HIF1α）的表达及意义.方法用免疫组织化学、Western blot和逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测肝癌和正常肝组织及HepG2细胞中HIF1α蛋白质和mRNA的表达,并分析其与肝癌病理特点的关系.结果免疫组织化学显示HIF1α在肝癌组织中表达明显,阳性率达76.4%,显著高于正常肝组织;其表达与肿瘤的分化程度、有无癌栓有关（P＜0.05）,而与门静脉癌栓、乙型肝炎表面抗原及预后无关（P值均＞0.05）;Western blot 和RT-PCR检测结果与免疫组织化学结果一致.HIF1 α在HepG2细胞中表达的阳性率为93.6%.缺氧或加二氯化钴（150μmol/L）作用2 h后HIF1 α蛋白质及mRNA表达增加.结论HIF1α蛋白质在肝癌中表达明显,在癌组织中表达主要受氧的调节,与肿瘤分化程度及有无转移有关,而与有无门静脉癌栓、乙型肝炎表面抗原表达及预后无关.     

Significance of cyclooxygenase—2 expression in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM：To clarife the significance of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)expression in human primary hepatcellular carcinoma(HCC)and adjacent nontumorous tissues.METHODS;TheCOX-2protein and mRNA were investigated in 27HCC tissues with adjacent nontumorous tissues,and 5histologically normal liver tissues,using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:The well-differentiated HCC expressed COX-2protein(5.68&#177;1.19)more strongly than moderated HCC(3.43&#177;1.98)and poor differentiated HCC(3.33&#177;1.50)(P&lt;0.05 respectively),adjacent nontumorous tissues(4.93&#177;1.05)and normal live tissues(3.20&#177;1.92)(P&lt;0.01 respectively);More intensive staining of COX-2in adjacent nontumorous tissues was observed than that in normal liver tissues(P&lt;0.05).There was no significant difference among adjacent nontumorous tissues,moderately differentiated HCC and poorly differentiated HCC(P&gt;0.05).The expression of COX-2mRNA was observed in the cytoplasm of the cells of HCC and of gtthe hepatocytes in adjacent nontumorous tissues in which COX-2 protein was positive.CONCLUSION:The overexpression of COX-2 in well-differentiated HCsuggets that COX-2 may play a role in the early stages of hepatocarcinogensis.     

PTEN和磷酸化Smad2在原发性肝癌中的表达

目的探讨肝癌等组织中10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源物（PTEN）和磷酸化Smad2（P-Smad2）表达的意义。方法采用免疫组织化学技术检测肝癌组织、癌旁肝组织和非癌性肝组织中P-Smad2和PTEN的表达。结果31份肝癌组织中PTEN表达以细胞质和细胞膜明显,细胞核基本不表达；25份癌旁及13份非癌性肝组织中则以细胞核和细胞质强表达,细胞膜弱表达。PTEN在肝癌组织的表达率（64．5％）低于癌旁肝组织（96．0％）和非癌性肝组织（100．0％）,表达强度（4．19±3．31）低于癌旁肝组织（7．88±0．93）和非癌性肝组织（7．77±0．93）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。不同病理分级的肝癌组织中PTEN的表达率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,≥Ⅱ级的肝癌组织细胞质表达强度（3．07±2．87）低于＜Ⅱ级（5．80±3．12）的肝癌组织（P＜0．05）。癌旁有、无肝内血管癌栓的肝癌组织中,PTEN表达率分别为45．5％和85．7％,表达强度分别为3．00±3．46和6．28±2．37,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。PTEN在肝细胞的表达定位与病理类型呈负相关（r=0．34,P＜0．01）,与肝内血管癌栓呈负相关（r=-0．43,P＜0．05）。非癌性肝组织、癌旁肝组织和病理分级＜Ⅱ级的肝癌组织中,P-Smad2表达以细胞核和细胞质明显,≥Ⅱ级的肝癌组织中则以细胞核为主。P-Smad2在肝细胞的表达定位与病理类型呈正相关（r=0．22,P＜0．05）,P-Smad2在细胞核的表达强度。肝癌组织与癌旁肝组织的差异无统计学意义,也与肝内血管有无癌栓无关。肝癌组织中PTEN和P-Smad2表达呈负相关（r=-0．73,P＜0．01）。结论PTEN的表达、强度以及和P-Smad2的核、质转位可能与肿瘤的发展和恶化有关,二者可能存在相互作用,共同参与肝癌的发生机制。     

肝癌组织IFITM3蛋白表达水平及其与肝细胞癌患者手术切除术后肝内肿瘤复发的相关性分析*

目的 探讨肝细胞癌（HCC）组织干扰素诱导跨膜蛋白 3（IFITM3）表达水平及其临床意义。方法 在我院接受根治性手术切除治疗的43例HCC患者,术中取癌组织和癌旁肝组织,分别采用Western blot法和免疫组化法检测组织IFITM3蛋白表达情况,比较肝内肿瘤复发与未复发患者癌组织IFITM3表达的差异。结果 经Western blot法检测肝癌组织IFITM3表达水平为（1.2386±0.1901）,显著高于癌旁组织的（0.9496±0.0995,t=8.832,P=0.000）;免疫组化法检测显示肝癌组织IFITM3蛋白阳性率为72.1%（31/43）,明显高于癌旁组织的14.0%（6/43,x²=29.647,P=0.000）;中分化肝癌组织IFITM3蛋白阳性率为90.9%（10/11）,低分化肝癌组织为95.2%（20/21）,均明显高于高分化组的9.1%（1/11）（x²=14.727, P=0.000;x²=23.748,P=0.000）;术后复发组癌组织IFITM3蛋白阳性率为81.0%（17/21）,未复发组为22.7%（5/22）,两者比较差异具有统计学意义（x²=14.578,P=0.000）。结论 HCC组织IFITM3蛋白呈高表达,且肝癌分化越差,IFITM3表达也越强,并可能与术后肿瘤复发有关。