静脉溶栓与经皮介入治疗急性心肌梗死中期疗效比较

目的:比较直接经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)和静脉溶栓治疗ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEMI)的中期疗效。方法:对59例STEMI患者行直接PCI(介入组,32例)或静脉溶栓(溶栓组,27例)治疗,比较两组梗死相关动脉开通率、平均住院天数、出院和6个月时左室射血分数及6个月时主要不良心脏事件发生率。结果:与溶栓组比较,介入组具有较高的梗死相关动脉开通率(100%vs 70.4%,P<0.05),平均住院天数减少[(9.6±7.1)d vs(18.8±12.1)d,P<0.05],出院及6个月时左室射血分数明显增高[分别为(58.5±10.7)%vs(49.3±12.8)%,P<0.01和(62.8±12.5)%vs(56.2±13.5)%,P<0.05],6个月时主要不良心脏事件发生率降低(9.4%vs 22.2%,P<0.05)。结论:与静脉溶栓比较,直接PCI治疗STEMI的中期疗效更佳。     

易化PCI治疗ST段抬高急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的:评价小剂量溶栓剂重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(50mgrt-PA)联合经皮冠状动脉介入(易化PCI)治疗ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(STEMI)的疗效和安全性。方法:215例STEMI患者,150例行直接PCI(直接PCI组),65例rt-PA50mg滴注30min后行PCI(易化PCI组),两组患者中心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)0￣2级和3级但残余狭窄≥70%者(直接PCI组132例,易化PCI组52例)置入支架。比较两组PCI前后梗死相关动脉(IRA)开通率、支架置入率、ST段回落率、出院前左室射血分数、住院期间出血事件和主要不良心脏事件(MACE)。结果:易化PCI组首次冠状动脉造影IRA开通率和TIMI3级血流率显著高于直接PCI组(49.2%vs20.0%,P=0.00;27.7%vs14.0%,P=0.02),术后TIMI3级血流率、ST段回落率和出院前左室射血分数亦显著高于直接PCI组[96.9%vs88.0%,P=0.04;92.3%vs78.7%,P=0.01;(64.5±7.9)%vs(51.5±15.6)%,P<0.05],而两组支架置入率、住院期间出血事件和MACE无显著差异,且均未发生脑出血。结论:在STEMI治疗中,易化PCI可使缺血心肌获得尽早再灌注,为进一步血运重建赢得时间,提高了STEMI患者术后TIMI3级血流率、改善了心肌组织水平再灌注和心功能,且未明显增加住院期间出血事件和MACE,值得推广应用。     

急性STEMI患者溶栓后早期转运PCI与直接转运PCI的疗效对比研究

目的:评估急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)溶栓后早期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)与直接转运PCI的有效性及安全性。方法:选取2013年1月-2016年6月院外转运行PCI治疗的急性STEMI患者200例作为研究对象,根据PCI治疗时间不同分为早期转运PCI组和直接转运PCI组。早期转运PCI组是在溶栓后转院再行PCI,直接转运PCI组是直接转院进行PCI,比较两组患者术后2 h ST段回落例数、心力衰竭例数、病死率、轻微出血率、再梗死率及首次医疗接触至球囊扩张(FMC-to-B)时间和进门至球囊扩张(D-to-B)时间,同时观察比较两组患者治疗后3、20、80 d左室舒张末期内径与左心室舒张末期容积指数、左室射血分数情况。结果:两组患者治疗20 d和80 d后左室舒张期内径、左室舒张末期容积指数、左室射血分数等指标均优于治疗3 d时水平,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。直接转运PCI组治疗20 d和80 d后左室舒张期内径、左室舒张末期容积指数、左室射血分数等指标均优于溶栓后早期转运PCI组同时间段水平,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。直接转运PCI组患者术后2 h ST段回落率为92.0%,明显高于溶栓后早期转运PCI组的85.0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。直接转运PCI组患者术后心力衰竭发生率为3.0%、不良事件发生率为6.0%,均明显低于溶栓后早期转运PCI组的10.0%和15.0%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。直接转运PCI组FMC-to-B、D-to-B时间分别为(111.3±35.7)、(76.7±35.0)min,均明显短于早期转运PCI组的(147.3±36.7)、(89.7±39.6)min,差异均有统计学意义(t=8.239、3.362,P0.05)。结论:直接转运PCI治疗可取得较好的近期治疗效果,溶栓后PCI的梗死后心衰的发生率高于直接PCI,有条件的情况下,应直接行PCI治疗。     

ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者择期PCI术后左心功能及血尿酸水平的研究

目的通过左室射血分数及血尿酸水平的检测评价ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者择期PCI的临床价值。方法对93例STEMI患者常规行择期PCI术,然后与同期静脉溶栓成功后药物治疗的80例患者对照,观察住院期间和随访3年的心脏不良事件、超声心动图及血尿酸水平的对比变化。结果对于STEMI患者静脉溶栓后7～30d,经择期PCI治疗手术成功率高,围手术期未见死亡,住院期间及随访期间PCI治疗组与药物治疗组相比再次心肌梗死的发生率下降(P<0.05),住院期间心血管病死率下降有统计学差异(P<0.05)。随访3年心血管病死率、左心功能和血尿酸水平未见显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 STEMI患者择期PCI可防止再梗死的发生以及住院期间的病死率,但随访3年的病死率、左心功能和血尿酸水平与药物治疗无显著差异。     

急性心肌梗塞溶栓治疗与经皮急诊及延迟冠脉介入治疗近期疗效分析

目的:比较急性心肌梗塞(AMI)药物溶栓治疗与急诊直接经皮冠脉介入治疗(PTCA)及延迟冠脉介入治疗(PCI)在住院期间的临床效果。方法:在137例AMI中,73例接受PCI治疗,其中28例行即刻PCI(即刻治疗组),45例在肝素或溶栓7d后行介入治疗(延迟治疗组),64例接受药物溶栓治疗。结果:溶栓治疗组再通的患者47例,开通率73.4%,PCI开通率94.5%,其中直接PTCA成功开通26例,开通率92.8%,延迟PTCA开通43例,开通率95.6%。住院期间,左室射血分数(LVEF)值:溶栓组52.1%±12.2%,PTCA组64.3%±9.2%(其中即刻组67.4%±10.1%,延迟组61.2%±9.2%),差异有显著性(P<0.05)。病死率分别为7.8%和1.4%(其中即刻组为0,延迟组2.2%)。进一步分析两组间临床疗效,前者再闭塞或缺血发作行择期PTCA者比率明显高于PTCA组(9.4%,VS0,P<0.05)。结论:PTCA与溶栓治疗AMI患者,前者可使IRA充分有效的开通,能更好地改善患者心功能,减少死亡率,其中即刻PTCA较延迟PTCA对心功能的改善更好。     

急性ST段抬高心梗直接经皮冠脉介入治疗的疗效分析研究

目的:对急性ST段抬高心梗(STEMI)患者进行直接经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗或溶栓治疗,探讨直接PCI治疗STEMI的疗效。方法:入选STEMI患者81例,分为直接PCI组(32例)和溶栓组(49例)。直接PCI,取桡动脉或股动脉为冠状动脉造影(CAG)径路,采用Judkins法行左、右冠状动脉造影,确定梗死相关动脉(IRA),采取PTCA+支架或直接支架方式仅干预IRA。溶栓治疗,重组链激酶150万单位入0.9%氯化钠溶液100 mL中半小时内滴注完毕。临床评价指标,IRA再通率、ST段回落(STR)≥50%、2周时左室舒张末径(LVDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心衰、梗后心绞痛、非致死性再次心梗、死亡。结果:进门-溶栓时间平均为57 min,进门-球囊扩张时间平均为91 min。直接PCI组血管再通率高于溶栓组(P<0.05),直接PCI组STR≥50%率高于溶栓组(P<0.05),直接PCI组再次心梗、梗后心绞痛、心衰发生率低于溶栓组(P<0.05)。结论:直接PCI治疗急性ST段抬高心梗疗效优于溶栓治疗。     

急性心肌梗死序贯性再灌注研究

目的:探讨经尿激酶静脉溶栓加即刻准备的支架植入治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床疗效。方法:80例AMI患者中,直接冠脉支架植入20例(直接支架组),尿激酶静脉溶栓加即刻准备的支架植入30例(溶栓支架组),尿激酶静脉溶栓30例(溶栓组)。均行急诊冠状动脉造影,以Timi血流分级判断梗死相关冠状动脉(IRA)开通、血栓、慢复流情况;记录住院期间心脏事件;出院前用二维超声心动图测定左心室射血分数(LVEF)。结果:直接支架组IRA开通率为100％,溶栓支架组开通率为96.7％,溶栓开通率为46.7％(P<0.01);直接支架组与溶栓支架组术中冠脉内血栓发生率分别为25.0％,20.0％,P>0.05;慢复流发生率分别25.0％,30.0％,P>0.05;临床事件:出血、心力衰竭、心绞痛、再梗死,脑梗死,支架纽较溶栓组发病率低,但3组间统计学上无差异(P>0.05),住院天数明显短缩(P<0.01);3组病死率分别为0％,3.3％,6.7％(P<0.05);3组LVEF分别为(65.5±11.5)、(64.0±14.5)、(54.5±13.0)(P<0.05)。结论:直接支架植入或尿激酶静脉溶栓加即刘准备的支架植入较单纯尿激酶溶栓治疗惠性心肌梗死更能充分开通IRA,改善心功能,降低病死率。     

经桡动脉急诊PCI与溶栓后早期PCI对ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者心功能的影响

目的 探讨经桡动脉对ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊冠状动脉介入(PPCI)治疗与静脉溶栓后早期PCI对患者心功能的影响及早期PCI应用价值。 方法 选择2016年1月—2017年1月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院先后入院的92例STEMI患者分为:急诊PCI组76例(入院后立即给予急诊介入治疗),静脉溶栓后行早期PCI组16例(静脉溶栓后行早期PCI)。分析2组患者临床疗效,患者左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)和左室射血分数(LVEF),患者复合心血管事件的发生率。 结果 2组患者的基线结果无显著差异,溶栓后早期介入组患者冠状动脉血流TIMI 3级明显高于急诊介入组(93.7% vs. 78.9%,P<0.05);术后随访12个月,2组患者心脏超声检测左室舒张末期容积(102.2±15.3 vs. 97.6±21.5)、左室射血分数[(43.6±7.8)% vs. (46.5±5.7)%]比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),复合心血管事件(6.6% vs. 6.3%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 对于首诊于无急诊介入条件基层医院的STEMI患者,溶栓后及时转运至上级医院早期行PCI安全有效。不影响患者心功能恢复,同时未增加患者复合心血管事件发生率。      

急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死静脉溶栓联合介入治疗的临床观察

目的:观察急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死( STEMI)静脉溶栓联合介入治疗( PCI)与直接介入( primary PCI)治疗的临床疗效。方法:选取STEMI患者1 48例。分为A组(溶栓介入组) 86例做溶栓治疗,随后行冠脉造影,必要时行补救介入治疗;B组(直接介入组)62例行直接介入治疗。观察梗死相关动脉( IRA)血流TIMI分级、并发症、左心室功能( LVEF) ,随访四周观察心血管事件并做统计学分析。结果:A组TIMI 级2 6例( 2 6/86)、TIMI 级38例( 38/86) ,B组TIMI 级5例( 5 /62 )、TIMI 级6例( 6/62 ) ,两组CAG时IRA总开通率相比具有统计学差异( P<0 .0 1 )。结论:溶栓使得IRA早期开通,随后的介入治疗使得IRA得到完全血运重建,防止再梗死。联合溶栓介入治疗对提高STEMI后左室功能和改善预后具有重要意义     

静脉溶栓和直接经皮冠脉腔内成形术治疗发病3h后急性心肌梗死的疗效比较

目的对比静脉尿激酶溶栓(UK)和直接冠状动脉内介入治疗(PCI)治疗发病3h后急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床疗效。方法 109例发病3h后AMI患者,61例接受静脉溶栓治疗,48例接受PCI治疗。比较两组住院期间临床结果及超声心动图结果。结果直接PCI组:IRA开通率(95.9%)高于UK组(61.2%),P﹤0.05;心衰发生率12.1%,严重心律失常发生率8.1%,心源性休克发生率2.7%,病死率2.7%,均低于PCI组(分别为25.0%,20.0%,10.0%,11.1%,两组比较有显著差异,P﹤0.05)。UCG检查:室壁矛盾运动发生率直接PCI组为2.7%,低于UK(12.7%),P﹤0.05;而左室射血分数LVEF%直接PCI组为56.8±8.3),高于UK组51.2±10.4,两组比较P﹤0.05。而两组中出血率、再发心绞痛率和再闭塞率无明显差别(P0.05)。结论与UK治疗相比,直接PCI治疗发病3h后AMI疗效更佳,可减少心衰及心脏恶性事件发生率和病死率,改善预后。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.