医学与非医学大学生吸烟相关KAP的比较分析

目的探讨医学教育对大学生有关吸烟的知识、信念、行为的影响。方法整群抽取某大学1～3年级在校学生8760名，采用自填式结构问卷调查学生的一般特征和吸烟相关的知识、信念、行为。结果女性各年级和男性二、三年级医学生的吸烟相关知识水平显著高于非医学生。二年级男女医学生吸烟相关信念得分显著高于非医学生，其余2个年级，医学生和非医学生之间差异均无统计学意义。入学前的尝试吸烟者中，在入学后发展为不规律吸烟者，医学显著低于非医学生；但形成规律吸烟者在两组学生中差异无统计学意义。入学前未吸烟者中．入学后医学生的尝试吸烟率显著低于非医学生，但两组学生的规律和不规律吸烟率差异均无统计学意义。结论医学教育能够提高医学生吸烟相关的知识，可以降低入学前未吸烟者的尝试吸烟率和入学前已尝试吸烟者的不规律吸烟率。     

芜湖市大学生吸烟行为及影响因素分析

[目的]了解芜湖市在校大学生吸烟行为发生状况、烟草危害知识知晓情况及对吸烟行为的态度,分析大学生吸烟行为影响因素,为定制有效干预措施提供参考。[方法]多阶段分层整群抽取芜湖市3所高校2232名1~3年级学生进行吸烟行为及相关知识态度调查,并对数据进行单因素和多因素分析。[结果]在2029名有效调查样本中,大学生尝试吸烟行为、现在吸烟行为、每日吸烟行为发生率分别为34.9%(男生52.1%,女生13.2%)、9.8%(男生16.3%,女生1.5%)、2.1%(男生3.5%,女生0.2%),首次尝试吸烟行为主要发生在小学阶段(48.8%)。农村学生尝试吸烟率、现在吸烟率均高于城市学生;吸烟者烟草危害知识知晓度和拒绝吸烟的意愿均低于非吸烟者(P0.05)。多因素分析显示:男生、农村生源、独生子女、吸烟态度得分低、母亲吸烟、密友吸烟、室友吸烟是大学生尝试吸烟的危险因素;男生、吸烟态度得分低、母亲吸烟、室友吸烟、密友吸烟是大学生现在吸烟的危险因素。[结论]芜湖市大学生吸烟行为处于较高水平,对烟草危害认知度不容乐观。学校需加强大学生控烟知识的宣传教育力度,同时应结合家庭成员和同伴的参与,促进知识内化为信念,进一步影响行为。     

广州地区大学生不同吸烟行为影响因素的探讨

目的：词查分析我国大学生不同吸烟行为的分布及其影响因素。方法：采用整群抽样法抽取某大学1～3年级在校大学生8138名，以自填式结构问卷调查学生的一般情况、吸烟相关的知识和态度、以及吸烟行为。结果：8138名调查对象中，77．3％从未吸烟，19．6％尝试吸烟，2．0％不规律吸烟，1．1％规律吸烟。无论是男女大学生尝试吸烟，还是男大学生不规律吸烟，均是城市生源低于农村生源。每月花费超过500元是男性大学生规律吸烟的危险因素。在男大学生，室友、同学吸烟和持支持吸烟的态度是尝试吸烟、不规律吸烟和规律吸烟的危险因素，且OR值依次递增：类似的现象在女大学生中也有发现，但未发现同学吸烟和持支持吸烟态度与女大学生规律吸烟有显著关联。结论：影响男女大学生不同吸烟行为的因素存在着差异，据此应采取有针对性的措施预防和控制大学生的吸烟行为。     

家庭社会经济地位对医学生吸烟行为影响

目的了解医学院校大学生吸烟行为发生状况、烟草危害知识知晓程度和相关态度,探讨家庭社会地位和其他相关因素对其吸烟行为的影响。方法整群抽取长沙市2所综合性院校中所有医学类专业2 892名二、三年级学生进行一般人口学资料和吸烟相关的知识、态度和行为调查。结果在2 814名医学生中,尝试吸烟率为30.6%（男生53.3%,女生18.3%）,现在吸烟率为3.8%（男生10.3%,女生0.3%）,每日吸烟率为0.6%（男生1.5%,女生0.1%）;首次尝试吸烟行为主要发生在小学阶段（65.5%）;农村学生尝试吸烟率高于城市学生（32.8% vs.28.1%）,但每日吸烟率低于城市学生（0.3% vs.0.9%）,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;非吸烟者烟草危害知识知晓程度和拒绝吸烟的意愿均高于吸烟者（P<0.01）;Spearman相关分析结果显示,家庭社会经济地位与医学生尝试吸烟率呈负相关（r=-0.64,P<0.01）,与烟草危害知识和吸烟态度得分均呈正相关（r=0.071、0.077,P<0.01）;多因素分析结果显示,男性、父母均吸烟、室友吸烟、亲密朋友吸烟、家庭社会地位较低和拒绝吸烟态度较弱是医学生尝试吸烟行为的危险因素;男性、室友吸烟、亲密朋友吸烟和拒绝吸烟态度较弱是医学生现在吸烟行为的危险因素。结论医学生吸烟行为受家庭社会经济地位影响,在医学院校大学生中开展的控烟行动应结合家庭和同伴的参与。     

长沙市大学生尝试吸烟者吸烟行为演变及影响因素分析

目的 分析长沙市大学生尝试吸烟者吸烟行为演变及影响因素.方法 采用问卷调查方式在长沙市的高校大学生中进行调查,选择1个月前尝试过吸烟者为研究对象,然后根据现在是否吸烟将研究对象分成两组,再应用单因素x2检验和多因素logistic回归模型对影响现在吸烟的因素进行分析.结果 1550名过去尝试吸烟者中,477名现在吸烟,现在吸烟率为30.8％(95％CI:28.5～ 33.1).logistic回归分析结果显示:本科二批录取学生(OR=2.367)和本科三批录取学生(OR=2.562)较本科一批录取学生的现在吸烟率高,体育艺术专业学生(OR=2.456)较文科生高,父亲为干部的学生(OR=1.602)较父亲为工人的学生高;男性(OR=7.386)、每月零用钱多(OR=1.139)、家人吸烟者多(OR=1.801)、对吸烟好处持肯定态度(OR=1.140)是过去尝试吸烟者现在吸烟的危险因素,吸烟致病的相关知识掌握好(OR=0.806)对过去尝试吸烟者现在是否吸烟具有保护作用.结论 大学生尝试吸烟者可能演变为规律吸烟,其影响因素主要有学校类别、专业类别、性别、父亲职业、每月零用钱多少、家人吸烟情况、对吸烟的认识及对吸烟好处的认可态度等.     

广州市某农业高校大学生烟草相关知识、态度及吸烟行为调查分析

目的了解广州市某农业高校在校大学生对烟草相关知识与控烟态度现状,掌握其吸烟行为并分析吸烟的影响因素。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,于2012年5月对广州市某农业高校在校大学生进行自填式问卷调查,采用SPSS 16.0软件对数据进行分析。结果大学生烟草相关知识类得分16分(总分23分);对"过滤嘴可以降低吸烟的危害"正确认知率最低,为35.73%;74.70%的学生认为吸烟会导致肺气肿;83.89%的学生认为被动吸烟会导致肺癌,不吸烟者(84.34%)比例高于吸烟者(75.53%);对《烟草控制框架公约》的知晓率为18.11%;91.23%的不吸烟大学生认为政府应加大控烟的工作力度,高于吸烟者(71.28%)(χ2=41.30,P0.01);调查对象尝试吸烟率和现在吸烟率分别为27.46%和5.08%;在校平均月生活费越高的大学生其尝试吸烟率和现在吸烟率越高;年级、户籍所在地、饮酒情况、家人吸烟情况是男生吸烟行为的影响因素。结论广州农业类高校大学生烟草相关知识知晓率普遍不高,不吸烟者知晓率高于吸烟者;大多数持有正向控烟态度;有一定比例的吸烟人群,应针对吸烟行为不同的影响因素采取相应的干预措施,遏制吸烟现象。     

广州市高中和大学女生吸烟现况

了解广州市高中、大学女生吸烟现状及其尝试吸烟的影响因素,为减少女性青少年吸烟行为提供依据.方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取广州市1879名高中和大学女生进行问卷调查.结果 广州市高中和大学女生的尝试吸烟率为16.14%,现在吸烟率为1.15%,常吸烟率为0.16%.与非尝试吸烟者相比,尝试吸烟者周围人群的吸烟情况严重、对自己吸烟更少感到生气、对年轻女性吸烟及“女士香烟”接受程度高、对禁止向未成年人销售香烟和禁止所有烟草广告的赞成度低.结论 广州市高中和大学女生的尝试吸烟率处于较低水平,且与同伴及家庭影响、吸烟相关态度有关.应联合学校,家庭和社会开展相关控制宣教和干预活动.     

心理压力及疲劳对大学生不同吸烟行为的影响

目的研究心理压力及疲劳对大学生不同吸烟行为的影响。方法采用整群抽样法抽取某大学1～3年级在校大学生8138名，以自填式结构问卷调查学生的心理压力、自身和同伴吸烟情况及社会经济学指标，Chalder疲劳量表测量其躯体和精神疲劳。以“从未吸烟者”作为对照组，分别以“尝试吸烟者”和“现吸烟者”作为病例组，进行Multinomial logistic回归分析心理压力及疲劳对大学生不同吸烟行为的影响。结果进入大学后仍有学生尝试或形成吸烟行为。调整社会经济学指标和同伴吸烟行为的影响后，躯体疲劳（OR=1．044，95％CI：1．013～1．075）、对学业和未来工作的担心（OR=1．020，95％CI：1．001～1．040）是男生尝试吸烟的危险因素；学习压力（OR=1．063，95％CI：1．012～1．117）是女生尝试吸烟的危险因素；人际与环境压力（OR=1．152，95％CI：1．012～1．312）是女生现吸烟的危险因素。结论心理压力及疲劳和大学生吸烟行为存在一定程度的关联，且对不同性别和不同吸烟行为的影响是不同的。     

艺术生吸烟行为及认知影响因素分析

目的了解艺术院校在校大学生吸烟行为和烟草相关认知的状况,分析其影响因素。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,于2012年5月对广州市某艺术院校1701名在校大学生进行自填式问卷调查,描述烟草相关知识与态度,分析吸烟者与非吸烟者之间的差异以及大学生吸烟行为影响因素。结果大学生烟草相关知识类得分16分(总分23分);对"戒烟越早越好"正确认知率最高,为85.19%(1449/1701),不吸烟者(86.76%,1304/1503)正确认知率高于吸烟者(73.23%,145/198)(P0.01);70.78%(1204/1701)的学生认为吸烟会导致皮肤粗糙,不吸烟者(72.39%,1088/1503)比例高于吸烟者(58.59%,116/198)(P0.01);75.84%(1290/1701)的学生认为被动吸烟会导致肺癌,不吸烟者(77.58%,1166/1503)比例高于吸烟者(62.63%,124/198)(P0.01);对《烟草控制框架公约》的知晓率为25.51%(434/1701);85.10%(1279/1503)的不吸烟大学生认为政府应该加大控烟的工作力度,高于吸烟者(64.65%,128/198)(P0.01);调查尝对象尝试吸烟率和现在吸烟率分别为31.92%(543/1701)和11.64%(198/1701);在校平均月生活费越高的大学生其尝试吸烟率(P0.05)和现在吸烟率越高(P0.01);家庭平均月收入、在校平均月生活费、户籍所在地和饮酒情况是男生吸烟行为的影响因素(P均0.05),在校平均月生活费和饮酒情况是女生吸烟行为的影响因素(P均0.05)。结论艺术生烟草相关知识知晓率普遍不高,不吸烟者知晓率高于吸烟者;吸烟率较高。应针对吸烟行为不同的影响因素采取相应的干预措施,才能取得较好的控烟效果。     

四川省某医学院校学生吸烟行为及相关因素分析

目的了解医学院学生吸烟现状及影响因素。方法采用由中国控烟中心统一制作的问卷对四川某医学院校学生进行抽样调查。在描述性分析的基础上,采用χ2检验和Logistic回归探讨医学院校学生吸烟的影响因素。结果共调查176名大学生,其尝试吸烟率为32.39%,吸烟率为13.64%;男生吸烟率为30.56%,女生吸烟率为1.92%;吸烟者平均吸烟量为3.4支/天。单因素分析表明性别、学习成绩、饮酒对大学生尝试吸烟行为的影响具有统计学意义,性别、饮酒对大学生吸烟行为的影响具有统计学意义。Logistic回归分析表明性别、饮酒对大学生尝试吸烟行为的影响具有统计学意义,性别对大学生吸烟行为具有统计学意义。在烟草认知上有20%学生不知道吸烟对健康的危害。结论该校学生对烟草危害知识缺乏,控烟能力薄弱,开展控烟健康教育以提高控烟能力迫在眉睫。     

维吾尔族中学生吸烟状况调查

目的了解维吾尔族中学生吸烟状况，为在维吾尔族中学生中开展控烟干预活动提供依据。方法以班级为单位随机进行整群抽样，在抽取的2130名维吾尔族中学生中进行问卷调查。结果尝试吸烟率为14、18％（男生31～30％，女生2．39％），吸烟率为12．09％（男生27．24％，女生1．65％）。促使吸烟的主要原因是烦恼或无聊（42．09％），吸烟的主要影响因素是饮酒、父母亲吸烟、零用钱较多。戒烟的主要原因是吸烟有害健康（75．78％）。男生吸烟相关知识得分低于女生、初中生得分低于高中生、吸烟者得分低于非吸烟者。75．78％的学生支持在公共场所禁烟的规定。结论维吾尔族中学生的吸烟率较低，有较高维护自身健康的意识，对禁烟活动持积极的态度，应针对影响维吾尔族中学生吸烟的因素开展健康教育。     

北京市居民烟草危害相关知识及正向社会认知调查

目的了解北京市居民对烟草健康危害相关知识的知晓情况和正向社会认知的情况。方法 2007年12月在北京市朝阳区两个社区中采用方便抽样的方法选择居民,并使用自制调查问卷进行调查。结果本调查共收到有效调查问卷536份。按调查对象是否吸烟进行分层分析,均显示非吸烟者对吸烟健康危害知识和正向社会认知的正确回答率和认知率高于吸烟者(P0.05)。结论居民对烟草危害具有一定的认识,但是吸烟者和非吸烟者的认识水平存在较大差异,还需要加强宣传教育,其中吸烟者是未来开展教育活动的重点人群。     

Smoking-related behaviour and attitudes among medical students in Alexandria

As a preliminary step toward incorporating a tobacco education and intervention program into our undergraduate medical curriculum, this study was designed to assess students' smoking-related behaviour, knowledge and attitudes towards tobacco, and perceptions of their future role as doctors in smoking intervention. A cross-sectional, study was conducted in the university year 2001/2002 on a representative sample of male medical students enrolled in 4th and 5th years at Alexandria University. A total of 320 students across the 2 years completed the survey. The smoking rate among medical students was 17.5% (10.9% smoked daily and 6.6% occasionally). The awareness of harmful effects of smoking and knowledge about the causal role of tobacco in the development of specific diseases were deficient. The intention to perform smoking intervention in the future as doctors seemed unsatisfactory. About 85% of the students thought that doctors should carry out smoking cessation advice depending on the disease, while the rate of those who thought so irrespective of the disease did not reach 44%. Current smokers thought less actively about smoking intervention than non-smokers. Nearly two-thirds of students (65.3%) felt they were not sufficiently prepared for caring or counseling smokers, and only 31.9% of students were convinced of the effectiveness of the doctor's advice to stop smoking. Seventy-seven and half percent of them desired specific training in smoking intervention. Non-smokers were more in favour of legislative actions to discourage tobacco use than current smokers. These findings suggest that medical school authorities should design and implement an appropriate basic training aimed at better preparing medical students for their future role in prevention of smoking. Specific teaching of medical students about smoking-related diseases and a patient-centered smoking cessation intervention is required to provide future medical practitioners with the knowledge and skills they need to effectively intervene with smokers.     

Examining Differences in Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC) Levels and Hazardous Drinking by Smoking Status Among a Sample of College Student Bar Patrons

While the association between current smoking and alcohol consumption is well known, the relationship between social smoking and alcohol consumption is less understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between smoking status and two alcohol consumption measures in a sample of college student bar patrons. The data used in this study was collected in fall 2015. Study participants (N?=?415) were college student bar patrons who agreed to complete an interview that assessed smoking status (i.e., regular smoker, social smoker, non-smoker) and two alcohol consumption measures: (1) breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) levels (using a handheld breathalyzer device) and (2) hazardous drinking scores (using the AUDIT-C scale). We conducted one-way ANOVAs with Bonferroni correction to examine differences in BrAC levels and hazardous drinking scores by smoking status. Among sample participants, 25.3% were regular smokers, 14.7% were social smokers, and 60.0% were non-smokers. Smokers had significantly higher BrAC levels than social smokers and non-smokers. Regular smokers also had significantly higher hazardous drinking scores than social smokers and non-smokers. The BrAC levels and hazardous drinking scores of social smokers and non-smokers were not significantly different. The drinking habits of social smokers reflected those of non-smokers and being a regular smoker was associated with higher drinking levels than the rest of the sample. Because of the association found between alcohol consumption and regular smoking, combining efforts to reduce these behaviors in college students might be advantageous.     

Predictors of the transition to regular smoking during adolescence and young adulthood.

PURPOSE: To identify predictors of the transition from experimentation to regular smoking in middle adolescence, late adolescence, and young adulthood. METHODS: California and Oregon students completed self-report surveys assessing the following potential predictors of the transition to regular smoking from grades 8 to 10 (n = 2,496), grades 10 to 12 (n = 2,149), and grade 12 to age 23 years (n = 1,534): demographic characteristics; smoking-related attitudes, behaviors and environment; other problem behaviors; academic orientation; parental bonding; and mental health. Huberized regression techniques, which adjust for weighting and clustering of observations, were used to determine the independent associations of the predictor variables on subsequent smoking status. RESULTS: Risk factors for the transition to regular smoking during middle adolescence included being white, prosmoking attitudes, friend smoking, weak academic orientation, and less parental support. During late adolescence, being African-American was protective, whereas risk factors included prosmoking attitudes, drinking, non-intact nuclear family, and less parental support. Risk factors in young adulthood included younger age and prosmoking attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: Results point to several smoking-related attitudes, social influences, and behaviors that prevention efforts may target to curb the escalation of smoking.     

Somatotype, physical growth, and sexual maturation in young male smokers.

One thousand school boys aged 8 to 16 were examined for their somatotype, physical growth, sexual maturation, and smoking habits. Fifty-two boys were found to be smokers, of whom 30 were regularly smoking between two and 20 bidis or cigarettes a day for a mean duration of 2.5 years. The mean height and weight of the smokers was significantly lower than that of the non-smokers at all ages, more so in regular than occasional smokers. Sixty-nine per cent of the smokers had mesomorphic type of body build; about 65% of the non-smokers had ectomorphic somatotype (P less than 0.001). Onset of puberty occurred significantly earlier among smokers compared with non-smokers, as was evident from the early appearance of genital stage 2, and an early and rapid increase in testicular size. Genital stage 2 appeared at a mean age of 11 years in smokers and 11.6 years in non-smokers. However, the appearance of pubic, axillary, and facial hair was delayed. The possible significance of this is discussed.     

Factors associated with stages of cigarette smoking among Turkish youth

BACKGROUND: This study examines prevalence and determinants of cigarette smoking among Turkish youth and transition among smoking stages. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) obtained from 15 197 youth were used to study factors associated with various stages of cigarette smoking among Turkish youth. RESULTS: Males and high-school students have higher odds of being susceptible to smoking compared with other non-smokers and higher odds of becoming established smokers. Exposure to parent, teacher, and peer smoking, anti-tobacco curricula, cigarette promotions, and perceived ease of access to cigarettes are all significant predictors of being susceptible to smoking and established smoking. Turkish youth who attribute positive traits to smokers are more likely to be susceptible to smoking and to become established smokers. Parental advice and media exposure to anti-tobacco messages were not significantly associated with becoming an established smoker. CONCLUSION: The results reveal the importance of early prevention programmes, which should begin before high school, and targeting efforts towards male students and all students who are not yet smokers but susceptible to smoking. Findings also suggest that prevention policies that challenge the cultural perceptions of smokers among Turkish youth are needed.