Is distal locking of long nails for intertrochanteric fractures necessary? A clinical study

Background

Few clinical studies have examined the utility of distal interlocking nails when fixing intertrochanteric fractures with intramedullary devices. In this study we performed a retrospective analysis comparing fixation method of intertrochanteric fractures with either a long unlocked cephalomedullary nail versus a long locked cephalomedullary nail. Our hypothesis was there would be no difference in device related failures or complications in stable intertrochanteric fractures treated with long locked or long unlocked cephalomedullary nails.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed of all stable intertrochanteric fractures treated with a long cephalomedullary nail between 2006 and 2012 at our institution. Clinical history as well as perioperative radiography was carefully reviewed for all subjects. AO classification, the use of locked or unlocked technique, and failure status was recorded.

Results

Overall, a device related failure rate of 1.8% (2/107) was observed for stable intertrochanteric fractures treated with long cephalomedullary nails. No statistical difference in failure rate was found between locked and unlocked nails within our studied population (0% long locked (0/56) versus 3.9% long unlocked (2/51), p = 0.224).

Conclusion

This clinical study supports our hypothesis that long cephalomedullary nails do not need to be locked for stable intertrochanteric fractures. We found no difference in failure rates between the two approaches across 107 patients.     

A clinical application of laser direction in anastomosis for inferior canalicular laceration

Canalicularlacerationisacommoncomplicationofeyelidtraumaandneedstoberepairedintime,otherwiseitwillleadtochronicepiphora.Searchingforthenasalbrokenendofthe laceratedlacrimalcanaliculiisakeystepincanalicular anastomosis,whichappearsparticularlyimportant whendeeplacerationoccurs.Traditionalsurgical methodinvolvesathree steppedproceduretofindthe brokenendandthenintubatethroughit.Since September2002,wehavedevelopedalaser directing approachtosearchforthenasalbrokenendof laceratedlacrimalcanaliculiin…     

Study on clinical application of selective transfer of ipsilateral C7 nerve root

Objective:To verify the rationality,reliability and practivability of selective transfer of ipsilateral C7 nerve root for treatment of upper trunk avulsion.Methods:Selective transfer of ipsilateral C7 nerve root was carried out in 8 patients (7 with upper trund avulsion,and 1 with left upper trunk avulsion combined with partial injury of the middle trunk)from June 1996 to Februany 1997.selective transfer of the anterior division or the anteriolateral fascicles of the anterior division of ipsilateral C7 to the anterior division of the upper trunk was performed under general anesthesia.Only 5 cases were followed up.Results:Among these 5 cases,effective recovery was observed on 4 cases of the transfer of the anteriolateral fascicles of ipsilateral C7 to the anterior division of the upper trunk.Electromyogyaphic examination showed nerve regeneration could be observed in the 2nd month postoperatively.And detectable elbow flexion by biceps contraction was found in the 4th month postoperatively.The function of the C7 innervating muscles was not jeopardized,and the case with combined partial C7 root injury had a poor result.Conclusions:Selective transfer of ipsilateral C7 nerve root leads to a restoration of reinnervating muscle functions without affecting the function of the muscles innervated by C7.It is therefore a practicable new surgical procedure for treating upper trunk avulsions.     

Observational prospective unblinded case-control study to evaluate the effect of the Gamma3® distal targeting system for long nails on radiation exposure and time for distal screw placement

PurposeTo determine if the DTS decreases radiation exposure (primary outcome measure), fluoroscopy time (secondary outcome measure), and time to distal screw placement (secondary outcome measure) compared to the freehand “perfect circles” method when used for locking of cephalomedullary nails in the treatment of femur fracturesMethodsFifty-eight patients with hip or femoral shaft fractures that were treated with a long cephalomedullary nail were enrolled in this study. Cohorts were determined based on the method of distal interlocking screw placement into either the “Perfect Circles” or “Distal Targeting” cohort. Time from cephalad screw placement to placement of final distal interlocking screw (seconds), radiation exposure (mGy), and fluoroscopy time (seconds) were compared between groups. Hospital quality measures were compared between cohorts.ResultsUse of the DTS resulted in 77% (4.3x) lower radiation exposure (p < 0.001), 64% (2.7x) lower fluoroscopy time (p < 0.001), and 60% (1.7x) lower intraoperative time from end of cephalad screw placement to end of distal interlocking screw placement (p < 0.001) compared to the freehand “perfect circles” method. There was no difference in 30-day or 90-day complication rates between cohorts.ConclusionThe Stryker Gamma3® Distal Targeting System is a safe, effective and efficient alternative to the freehand “perfect circles” method.     

3ioinformatics for spermatogenesis： annotation of male ＇eproduction based on proteomics

Proteomics strategies have been widely used in the field of male reproduction, both in basic and clinical research. Bioinformatics methods are indispensable in proteomics-based studies and are used for data presentation, database construction and functional annotation. In the present review, we focus on the functional annotation of gene lists obtained through qualitative or quantitative methods, summarizing the common and male reproduction specialized proteomics databases. We introduce several integrated tools used to find the hidden biological significance from the data obtained. We further describe in detail the information on male reproduction derived from Gene Ontology analyses, pathway analyses and biomedical analyses. We provide an overview of bioinformatics annotations in spermatogenesis, from gene function to biological function and from biological function to clinical application. On the basis of recently published proteomics studies and associated data, we show that bioinformatics methods help us to discover drug targets for sperm motility and to scan for cancer-testis genes. In addition, we summarize the online resources relevant to male reproduction research for the exploration of the regulation of spermatogenesis.     

框架式计算机辅助胫骨髓内钉远端锁定手术导航系统的初步报告

目的研制框架式计算机辅助胫骨带锁髓内钉远端锁定手术导航系统,观察并评价其临床应用的可行性、规律及效果。方法系统由计算机(普通PC机)、自动机械臂导航框架、小腿固定托、定位器械(定位弓、定位套筒、定位手术刀柄)组成。自行研发的导航软件可完成手术所需要的X线图像的注册、定位工具的遥操作实时导航。临床应用于21例闭合胫、腓骨骨折带锁髓内钉内固定手术的远端锁定操作(42个锁孔)。患者平均年龄31岁。记录远端锁孔图像注册、“C”型臂X线机对位和两幅X线图像的获取并传输至电脑所需要的时间,计算机辅助钻孔的时间,获取两幅X线图像的时间。结果42个锁孔,除1孔第一次锁定失败外(2.38%),其余均一次成功,其中9例钻头触及锁定孔道(21.95%),但未损毁髓内钉及钻头,无副损伤。每对远端锁孔锁定所需X线透视平均时间为(2.23±0.31)s。结论系统设计合理、简单,导航工具不影响现有手术空间,符合医生的操作习惯,易于术者掌握、维护,设备消毒方便。导航定位精度高,可作为计算机辅助骨科手术中精确立体定位的技术平台,锁定过程中只需要两幅计算机校准的X线影像,术中X线照射时间显著减少。系统研发成本较低,适用于各厂家、各型号的髓内钉,具有通用性,便于推广。     

计算机辅助带锁髓内钉远端锁定瞄准系统的设计与实验研究

目的　测试计算机辅助带锁髓内钉远端锁定瞄准系统应用于下肢模型骨及尸体骨固定中的准确性及安全性。方法　采用 10根塑料模型胫骨 ,2 0根塑料模型股骨 (SynboneAG ,Malans,Switzerland) ,6具青年男性新鲜尸体的双下肢标本 ,随机平均分为两组 ,行胫骨、股骨带锁髓内钉内固定术 (Orthofix带锁髓内钉 ,每根针远端有 2孔 )。在远端锁钉时 ,实验组采用计算机辅助带锁髓内钉远端锁定瞄准系统 ;对照组采用Orthofix带锁髓内钉机械锁定瞄准器。两组以远端锁钉锁定的手术操作时间、在C型臂X线下暴露时间、锁定的成功率三项指标进行比较。结果　实验组锁钉锁定的手术时间、X线下暴露时间、锁定成功率分别为 (4 4 4± 2 99)min、(1 16± 0 38)min ,(10 0± 0 ) % ;对照组手术时间、X线下暴露时间、锁定成功率分别为 (10 4 2± 4 18)min ,(4 71± 3 86 )min ,(94 4 4±0 36 ) % ,两组手术与X线下暴露时间显著减少 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　计算机辅助带锁髓内钉远端瞄准系统设计合理、定位准确、操作简便、成功率高、缩短了手术时间 ,特别是在手术中对C型臂X线的依赖程度降低 ,在X线下暴露时间短 ,减少了医患人员的放射损伤。该系统能够通用于各种类型的髓内针 ,便于推广、普及。     

Computer assisted orthopaedic surgical system for insertion of distal locking screws in intra-medullary nails: a valid and reliable navigation system

The insertion of distal locking screws is a difficult task in intra-medullary (IM) nailing operations of long bones and contributes a significant proportion to the overall operating time. The current technique to insert these screws uses numerous fluoroscopic images and depends on the skills and expertise of the surgeon. The Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgical System (CAOSS) was developed to assist orthopaedic surgeons in these operations. The laboratory based test results for insertion of distal locking screws in IM nailing procedures are presented and discussed in terms of accuracy and as part of the validation process to introduce new CAOS procedures into clinical use. This study shows that CAOSS in IM nailing is robust and reliable. Positional accuracy was shown to be within 0.3 mm and angular accuracy within 0.2 degrees with femoral IM nail. CAOSS was also shown to be very reliable and accurate at different angles of distal screws in fluoroscopic image space.     

交锁髓内钉远端锁入可吸收螺钉治疗胫骨骨折

目的比较交锁髓内钉远端锁入可吸收螺钉与锁入金属锁钉静力型固定在治疗胫骨骨折中的临床效果。方法采用交锁髓内钉远端锁入可吸收螺钉固定治疗25例胫骨骨折患者（试验组）,检测骨折愈合及并发症情况,并与同期锁入金属锁钉静力型固定28例胫骨骨折（对照组）的随访结果进行比较。结果患者均获得随访,时间4~13个月。骨折愈合时间：试验组为13~16（14.28±0.94）周,对照组为14~18（15.89±1.13）周,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论交锁髓内钉远端锁入可吸收螺钉比锁入金属锁钉静力型固定更有利于胫骨骨折愈合。     

可膨胀髓内钉和交锁髓内钉在胫骨干骨折治疗中的比较

目的 对可膨胀髓内钉和交锁髓内钉在胫骨骨折治疗中的相关因素进行比较分析。方法 2004年6月至2005年10月间，收治胫骨干骨折57例，42例行交锁髓内钉固定，15例行可膨胀髓内钉固定。对两组病例的手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视时间、术后并发症、骨折愈合时间进行比较。结果 两组在手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视时间、骨折愈合时间等方面差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），在术后并发症上无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。因此可膨胀髓内钉组在多方面均优于交锁髓内钉组。结论 可膨胀髓内钉具有操作方便、创伤小、愈合快等优点，但费用昂贵，适应症较窄。     

可膨胀髓内钉治疗肱骨骨折的初步研究

目的通过回顾性研究探讨可膨胀髓内钉治疗肱骨骨折的疗效。方法2005年1月-2006年2月采用可膨胀髓内钉治疗肱骨骨折15例，骨折部位：肱骨中段骨折9例，中下段骨折4例，多段骨折2例。根据AO分型：A2型3例，A3型6例；B1型3例，B2型2例；C2型1例。受伤至手术时间为3—5d（平均3．9d）。13例采用闭合复位、2例采用有限切开复位的方法，顺行插入可膨胀髓内钉固定。结果15例患者术后获5—12个月（平均8．6个月）随访，骨折愈合时间为10—15周（平均12．6周）。13例患者肩关节活动恢复正常，2例患者出现肩关节外展功能受限（〈90。）。根据肩关节功能、活动范围、疼痛程度，采用Neer临床与放射进行评分：优8例，良4例，可2例，差1例，优良率为80．0％。结论可膨胀髓内钉治疗肱骨骨折能有效地维持骨折段稳定性，具有手术创伤小、操作简单、并发症少的特点，是固定肱骨骨折的有效方法之一。     

Failure of intramedullary femoral nail with segmental breakage of distal locking bolts: a case report and review of the literature

Breakage of locking bolts is an important cause of interlocking nail failure in femoral fractures. It usually occurs in the form of single breakage in one of the distal bolts of the nail or nail breakage around the distal locking hole. Here we report an unusual case of intramedullary femoral nail failure with segmental breakage of both the distal locking bolts. Such a scenario usually complicates further management. We successfully managed this case with exchange nailing without bone grafting. Here we briefly reviewed the literature regarding such an unusual presentation and discussed in detail the possible etiology of such a presentation and the management options when facing such a complex situation.     

非扩髓带锁髓内钉固定联合皮瓣修复治疗ⅢB型胫骨开放性骨折

目的探讨一期治疗ⅢB型胫骨开放性骨折的方法。方法自1999年2月～2002年2月收治16例ⅢB型胫骨开放性骨折患者,年龄19～47岁,平均27岁。皮肤软组织缺损面积为4.5cm×3cm～14cm×6cm。术前预防性使用抗生素,进行彻底清创,用非扩髓带锁髓内钉固定骨折,皮瓣或肌皮瓣转移(移植)覆盖创面。对4例伴骨缺损的患者采用自体髂骨进行植骨。结果随访6～14个月,平均9个月。所有皮瓣均成活,未出现深部感染。14例骨折在6个月内愈合,有2例在术后10个月内愈合。按Johner-Wruch标准判定功能恢复结果,优14例,良2例。结论非扩髓带锁髓内钉固定联合皮瓣修复治疗ⅢB型胫骨开放性骨折效果较好。     

Comparative study on treatment of midshaft tibial fracture with expandable and interlocking intramedullary nails

Objective ： To evaluate the clinical results of treatment of midshaft tibial fracture with expandable intramedullary nails compared with interlocking intramednilary nails. Methods： From June 2003 to August 2005, 46 patients （27 males and 19 females, aged 20-74 years, mean =38.4 years ） with midshaft tibial fracture were treated surgically in our department. The causes of fractures were traffic injury in 21 patients, fall injury in 6, tumbling injury in 11 and crushing injury in 8. According to AO/ ASIF classification, Type A fracture was found in 16 patients, Type B in 11, Type C1 in 5, and Type C2 in 2. Open fractures were found in 12 patients, according to Gustilo classification, Type Ⅰ in 9 patients and Type Ⅱin 3 patients. Based on the patients＇consent, 24 patients were treated with expandable intramedullary nails （Group A ） and 22 with interlocking intramedullary nails （Group B ）. The operation time, blood loss during operation, X-ray fluoroscopic times, hospitalization time, weight bearing time after operation, healing time of fracture and complications of all the patients were recorded. The clinical effects of all the cases were evaluated according to the criteria of Johner-Wruhs. Results： All the patients were followed up for 12,34 months （ mean = 16.2 months）. The time of operation, the blood loss, X-ray fluoroscopic times, hospitalization time and healing time of fracture of Group A significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05 ） compared with those of Group B, but the time for weight bearing after operation, the Johner- Wruhs degree of clinical effects and complications had no significant difference between Group A and Group B （P〉0.05）. Conclusions： Expandable intramedullary nail can shorten operation time, decrease blood loss and reduce invasion, which is a safe and effective treatment method for tibial midshaft fracture.