Eccrine syringofibroadenoma (Mascaro): an immunohistochemical study

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma is an uncommon benign eccrine tumor, which was first described by Mascaro in 1963. It usually develops on the extremities of elderly persons. We report on a 74-year-old man who presented with a 2-year history of a slowly growing lesion on his face. A detailed histologic and immunohistochemical study was performed on the biopsy material. The tumor consisted of epidermal-derived anastomosing thin epithelial cords embedded in a fibrovascular stroma. The epithelial cords contained ductal and cystic structures lined by luminal cells, which were decorated by antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen, keratin K19, K8, and K18. Antibody to keratin K6 decorated the luminal walls of the acrosyringia. Antibodies to filaggrin decorated the superficial luminal structures. These results suggest dual acrosyringial and dermal duct differentiation in syringofibroadenoma.     

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma (Mascaro): an ultrastructural study

To confirm the eccrine acrosyringeal differentiation of eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA) and to elucidate the histogenesis of its angiofibrotic stroma, a case of ESFA from a 45-year-old man was examined by light and electron microscopy. Histologically, the parenchyma featured anastomosing, slender epithelial cords containing small cuboidal cells and occasional duct-like structures. The stroma had increased numbers of mast cells, increased capillaries with swollen endothelial cells, and prominent fibrosis. Ultrastructurally, the following findings were characteristic of ESFA: a) abundant glycogen particles in epithelial cells, b) numerous intracytoplasmic and extracellular spaces lined with microvilli, c) intraepithelial duct formation, consisting of microvilli, vesicles, rod-shaped dense bodies, multivesicular dense bodies, and peripheral network of tonofilaments, and d) large numbers of mast cells, closely associated with fibroblasts, surrounding increased numbers of capillaries containing swollen endothelial cells. These ultrastructural features support the acrosyringeal differentiation of ESFA. We hypothesize that mast cell hyperplasia and degranulation may play an important role in the formation of the angiofibrotic stroma.     

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma. Report of a case and immunohistochemical study of keratin expression

We report a 49-year-old woman with an eccrine syringofibroadenoma. An asymptomatic nodule appeared on the right heel, and subsequently enlarged gradually. Histological examination revealed anastomosing strands of pale epithelial cells, with occasional duct formation and mucinous fibrovascular stroma. There were two types of strands: thick and thin. Immunohistochemical study, using a panel of monoclonal antikeratin antibodies, revealed that the immunoreactivity differed between the two types of strands. The thick strands showed a staining pattern similar to the uppermost portion of the intradermal duct, and the thin strands showed a pattern similar to the other portion of the duct. This observation suggests that the thick and thin strands differentiate towards the uppermost portion and the remainder of the duct, respectively.     

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma with co-existent squamous cell carcinoma

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA) is a rare, benign adnexal tumor arising most often on the extremities of elderly individuals. It is typically a slow-growing, flesh- to reddish-colored nodule or plaque. Histologically, the tumor consists of anastomosing cords of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounded by a fibrovascular stroma containing plasma cells. The cords contain scattered ductal structures lined with cuboidal cells resembling eccrine ducts. The co-existence of ESFA with squamous cell carcinoma has been described, eliciting the term eccrine syringofibroadenoma. The differential diagnosis includes poroma, porocarcinoma, fibroepithelioma of Pinkus and clear cell acanthoma. ESFA stain positively with epithelial membrane antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen. Cytokeratin studies have been inconsistent.     

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma with co-existent squamous cell carcinoma

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA) is a rare, benign adnexal tumor arising most often on the extremities of elderly individuals. It is typically a slow-growing, flesh- to reddish-colored nodule or plaque. Histologically, the tumor consists of anastomosing cords of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounded by a fibrovascular stroma containing plasma cells. The cords contain scattered ductal structures lined with cuboidal cells resembling eccrine ducts. The co-existence of ESFA with squamous cell carcinoma has been described, eliciting the term eccrine syringofibroadenoma. The differential diagnosis includes poroma, porocarcinoma, fibroepithelioma of Pinkus and clear cell acanthoma. ESFA stain positively with epithelial membrane antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen. Cytokeratin studies have been inconsistent.     

Two cases of clear cell acanthoma: an immunohistochemical study

Two cases of clear cell acanthoma are reported. The expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), involucrin and keratin proteins in the tumors was investigated immunohistochemically. In 1981, Penneys et al. reported that this tumor was not of sweat gland origin because of the absence of CEA. This study confirmed this, furthor, the pattern of positive reaction of involucrin also indicated that this tumor is not of swcat duct origin.     

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma radiation treatment of an unusual presentation

Benign skin diseases have seldom been treated with radiotherapy, unless resistant to other treatments. Eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA) is a rare benign eccrine tumor. ESFA very rarely presents bilateral lesions, and seldom a nonsurgical treatment has been proposed. An exceptional case of bilateral ESFA of the foot is presented; radiotherapy was effective in treating both lesions with good cosmetic results.     

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma. Immunohistological study of a new case

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma is a rare tumor considered to originate from the excretory portion of the eccrine sweat gland. A new case of this lesion, whose acrosyringeal differentiation was underlined by an immunohistological study using antibodies to keratin and involucrin, is reported herein.     

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma surrounding a squamous cell carcinoma: A case report

A 91-year-old man presented with a 9.0 × 7.0 cm exophytic mass on the dorsum of the right foot, surrounded by a scaling hyperkeratotic plaque-like lesion that had been present for many years. He had similar long-standing hyperkeratotic plaque-like lesions on both legs. Histopathologic examination of the exophytic mass revealed a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma surrounded by an eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA). Histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy support this diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the only reported case of ESFA being intimately associated with a malignant neoplasm.     

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma: case report and review of the literature

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA) is a rare disorder that shows differentiation toward eccrine sweat apparatus. There is a controversy concerning the pathogenesis and differentiation of this tumour. We report a case of ESFA in a 63-year-old Japanese man. We review the literature presenting a classification, including a newly reported subtype. Clinically and pathogenically, ESFA is probably a group of heterogeneous disorders.     

Eccrine sweat gland carcinoma: an histologic and immunohistochemical study of 32 cases

In an attempt to characterize the immunocytochemical attributes of eccrine sweat gland carcinoma, we studied 32 examples of this tumor with antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin (CK), carcinoembryonic antigen, S100 protein, alpha-lactalbumin, salivary amylase, blood group isoantigens, beta-2-microglobulin, and Leu M1. All cases expressed EMA and CK, and 28 of 32 cases also displayed at least 2 of the 6 remaining antigens. No significant variations were noted in the immunophenotypes of histologic subtypes of eccrine carcinoma. These results provide an objective means of diagnostic separation between sweat gland carcinoma and other primary malignant cutaneous tumors. However, they do not appear to correlate with the degree of tumoral differentiation, and are of no assistance in the separation of benign and malignant sudoriferous neoplasms. The ability of immunocytochemical techniques to distinguish between primary malignant adnexal cutaneous tumors and metastases to the skin appears unlikely, but remains to be studied further. Also, the use of immunostaining panels is advised in the study of adnexal carcinomas, since no single determinant in isolation is specific for these neoplasms.     

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma: a case report with analysis of cytokeratin expression

A 56-year-old man presented with a 30-year history of a slowly enlarging lesion on the sole of his right foot. A biopsy showed an anastomosing network of small cuboidal cells with the formation of occasional sweat ductal lumina and a marked fibrovascular stroma. The histological findings were interpreted as consistent with the diagnosis of an eccrine syringofibroadenoma. Using immunohistochemistry all the tumour cells were positively stained by the pan-cytokeratin antibody Lu-5 and an antibody to the cytokeratins 1/5/10/11. In addition the luminal ductal cells expressed cytokeratin 19 and CEA. Tumour cells were negative for cytokeratins 1, 7, 8, 13 and 18 and did not express vimentin and GCDFP-15. The results indicate that the eccrine syringofibroadenoma is differentiated towards the dermal eccrine duct.     

Histogenesis of clear cell hidradenoma: immunohistochemical study of keratin expression

The expression of cytokeratins in 10 cases of clear cell hidradenoma, including 3 cases of solid cystic hidradenoma, were examined using 21 kinds of monoclonal antibodies. We divided them into three histologic patterns: massive nests with a few lumina (M nests), nests with some tubular lumina (L nests), and nests in solid cystic hidradenomas (S nests). All hidradenomas showed similar immunoreactivities to those in the lower dermal ducts or secretory cells of normal eccrine glands. With antibodies against simple epithelial cytokeratins (CKs 7, 8, 18, and 19), however, different immunostaining was noted among the three histologic patterns. Namely, the M nests failed to react to them, although some luminal cells in the L nests revealed a positive staining. Furthermore, a majority of luminal cells in the S nests revealed a positive staining with them. Therefore, we think that the luminal cells in solid cystic hidradenoma mainly differentiate toward the secretory cells, and that the M nests mainly differentiate toward the dermal duct. Those in the L nests are thought to differentiate toward the dermal duct and the secretory cells. The proportion of the differentiation toward luminal cells of dermal ducts to the differentiation toward secretory cells was the main difference among the three nests. In addition, there was no difference in immunophenotypes between clear cells and epidermoid cells in the two kinds of hidradenomas.     

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma (Mascaro). Report of two cases

We report two cases of eccrine syringofibroadenoma. Both patients had a large, solitary hyperkeratotic nodular lesion over the extremities. Histologic sections showed spongelike masses of small cuboidal acrosyringeal cells. Fibrovascular connective tissue stroma resembling premalignant fibroepithelial tumor of Pinkus filled the spaces between the masses.     

Giant cell fibroblastoma: an immunohistochemical study

Giant cell fibroblastoma is a rare, benign soft tissue tumor occurring in childhood. A 34-year-old woman presented with a giant cell fibroblastoma involving the chest wall. Histologic features include an infiltrating spindle-cell tumor involving the dermis and subcutaneous fat containing characteristic sinusoidal spaces rimmed by spindle cells and multinucleate giant cells. Immunohistochemical studies support a fibrohistiocytic differentiation.     

Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma: a lipomatous variant

The eccrine angiomatous hamartoma is a rare cutaneous lesion histologically characterized by the presence in the intradermal lobules of mature eccrine sweat glands and angiomatous capillary channels. We report a case of eccrine angiomatous hamartoma with unusual lipomatous involvement.     

11例透明细胞汗腺瘤临床病理及免疫组化研究

报告１１例透明细胞汗腺瘤，从临床、病理及免疫组化等方面进行研究，并对该肿瘤的起源、分型和临别诊断进行了探讨。     

Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma: a multiple variant.

A case of multiple eccrine angiomatous hamartoma present in a boy since birth is reported. Clinically, this condition must be differentiated from other neonatal angiomatoses. Sometimes the clinical findings are nonspecific, whereas histologic examination may exclude angiomatoses with visceral involvement. In our case the hamartomatous nature of this tumor is documented also by the presence of pilar structures intimately related to the eccrine-angiomatous complex in one of two lesions histologically examined. Therefore, the histologic classification of eccrine angiomatous hamartoma into subgroups seems to be excessive.     

Clear cell syringoid carcinoma: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study

Syringoid carcinoma (syringoid "eccrine" carcinoma or eccrine epithelioma) is a rare cutaneous tumor with some controversy regarding its correct definition. It may also be difficult to differentiate from its benign counterpart (syringoma), other adnexal carcinomas, and cutaneous metastasis from adenocarcinomas. We present a case of a syringoid carcinoma of the clear cell variant complemented with an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study, the latter revealing cytoplasmic accumulation of glycogen and presence of intercellular and intracellular lumina in clear tumor cells, as well as diverse hallmarks of malignancy (i.e., perineural invasion, tumor necrosis, and deep invasion). Clear tumor cells showed cytoplasmic and membranous immunoreactivity to epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, keratins, and S-100. Our ultrastructural and immunohistochemical results support the ductal differentiation of the glycogen-filled clear cell tumor population.