切开复位内固定联合带线锚钉修复在踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤中的应用效果分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨切开复位内固定 (ORIF) 联合带线锚钉修复在踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤中的应用效果。方法 选取 2019 年 5 月至 2021 年 5 月嵩县西关骨科医院收治的 190 例踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤患者作为研究对象, 按照随机数表法将其随机分为观察组 (95 例) 与对照组 (95 例), 观察组患者采用 ORIF 联合带线锚钉修复治疗, 对照组患者单纯采用 ORIF 治疗, 对比观察两组患者内踝间隙、距骨倾斜角、疼痛情况、踝关节功能恢复情况与并发症发生情况。结果 术后 3 个月, 观察组患者内踝间隙、距骨倾斜角均明显小于对照组(t =2.792、3.484, P =0.006、0.001), 视觉模拟评分法 (VAS) 评分明显低于对照组 (t =3.338, P =0.001);术后 3 个月, 观察组患者踝关节功能恢复为优 57 例、良 34 例、可 3 例、差 1 例, 明显优于对照组患者的踝关节功能恢复为优 43 例、良 41 例、可 7 例、差 4 例 (Z = - 2.289, P = 0.022); 观察组患者术后并发症发生率为4.21%, 明显低于对照组患者的术后并发症发生率 12.63% (χ 2 =4.368, P =0.037)。结论 ORIF 联合带线锚钉修复治疗踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤, 可明显缩小内踝间隙及距骨倾斜角, 促进踝关节功能恢复, 降低术后并发症发生率。     

距骨侧锚钉联合内踝部金属垫片修复踝关节骨折伴三角韧带深层断裂的疗效

目的观察踝关节骨折伴三角韧带深层断裂患者接受距骨侧锚钉联合内踝部金属垫片修复治疗的效果。方法回顾性研究2015年2月—2017年2月东营市正骨医院关节外科收治踝关节骨折合并三角韧带深层断裂患者35例,男性21例,女性14例;年龄29～63岁,平均42.1岁;受伤至手术时间2～7d,平均4.1d;左踝12例,右踝23例;Lauge-Hansen分型:旋前外旋型12例,旋后外旋型17例,旋前外展型6例。三角韧带断裂部位:距骨止点处19例,体部断裂12例,内踝止点处4例。均为闭合性损伤,未合并其他部位骨折。35例均采用锚钉在距骨侧置钉,内踝内侧放置金属垫片(规格:5mm,美国Zimmer公司)。术后随访12个月,结合临床症状、体征、影像学检查结果评价疗效,并应用美国足与踝关节协会评分(AOFAS-AHS)评价足踝功能。结果 35例患者均顺利完成手术并获得术后12个月随访,住院时间12～19d,平均16.3d;骨折愈合时间8～12周,平均10.3周;负重训练时间9～15周,平均12.1周。术后复查骨折部位均达到解剖复位,三角韧带断裂修复完好。术后内踝间隙较术前显著缩短[(2.61±0.25)mm vs.(5.32±0.35)mm,P0.05],末次随访时患侧与健侧内踝间隙差异无统计学意义[(2.50±0.20)mm vs.(2.42±0.19)mm,P0.05],AOFAS-AHS评分优良率82.86%。随访期间无复位丢失,无锚钉断裂、松动、脱落等相关并发症发生。结论距骨侧锚钉与内踝部金属垫片修复联合治疗踝关节骨折并发三角韧带深层断裂,有助于促进踝关节功能恢复进程,效果可靠,并发症少。     

切开复位内固定联合韧带修复术治疗踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤的疗效及对骨代谢的影响

目的 探讨韧带修复联合切开复位内固定术(ORIF)治疗踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤的疗效及对骨代谢的影响。方法 采用前瞻性病例对照研究分析2015年5月—2018年5月中山市中医院骨二科收治的55例踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤患者的临床资料,通过随机数字表法分为观察组28例和对照组27例。两组均接受ORIF治疗,对照组术中不修补三角韧带,观察组术中使用锚钉修复三角韧带。比较两组围术期情况、VAS评分、美国矫形外科足踝协会(AOFAS)评分、骨代谢指标、临床疗效及并发症。结果观察组手术时间明显较对照组长[(110. 84±13. 61) min vs.(99. 16±9. 59) min],住院时间、骨折愈合时间明显较对照组短[(15. 64±2. 07) d vs.(18. 69±2. 42) d,(11. 36±1. 88)周vs.(13. 52±2. 04)周],P 0. 05;观察组术后1、3个月VAS评分均明显低于对照组[(3. 03±0. 56)分vs.(3. 62±0. 71)分,(1. 16±0. 20)分vs.(2. 23±0. 28)分,P 0. 5];术后6个月时,观察组AOFAS评分明显高于对照组[(86. 73±8. 60)分vs.(77. 50±7. 94)分](P 0. 05),且观察组血清骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、骨钙素(BGP)、1型前胶原氨基端延长肽(P1NP)明显高于对照组[(139. 34±16. 70) U/L vs.(110. 45±12. 36) U/L,(7. 45±1. 05)μg/L vs.(5. 98±0. 78)μg/L,(131. 46±12. 76)μg/L vs.(114. 74±10. 01)μg/L],血清β胶原降解产物(β-CTX)明显低于对照组[(0. 33±0. 05)μg/L vs.(0. 49±0. 06)μg/L],P 0. 05;观察组临床疗效优良率明显高于对照组(89. 29%vs. 77. 78%,P 0. 05);两组术后并发症总发生率差异无统计学意义(3. 57%vs. 3. 70%,P0. 05)。结论联合韧带修复在踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤患者ORIF治疗中疗效显著,可有效缓解术后疼痛,改善骨代谢,有助于促进骨质愈合及踝关节功能恢复,安全性好,值得应用推广。     

不同跖屈角度对踝三角韧带损伤X线诊断的影响

目的 评估踝关节不同跖屈角度对踝三角韧带损伤X线诊断的影响,提高踝三角韧带损伤诊断的准确率.方法 自2010年2月至2010年12月收治踝关节旋后-外旋型骨折患者24例,均为腓骨远端骨折但无内踝骨折.所有患者外翻应力下分别取中立位0°、跖屈位15°、30°、45°拍摄踝穴位X线片,并行患侧踝关节MRI检查.对不同跖屈角度下四组患者X线片内侧踝穴宽度(medial clear space,MCS)及胫距上关节宽度(superior clear space,SCS)进行测量.测量结果采用单因素方差分析LSD-t检验,分别以(1)MCS≥4 mm,且MCS＞ SCS,(2)MCS≥5 mm,且MCS＞ SCS作为踝三角韧带损伤X线诊断的标准,踝关节MRI检查结果作为诊断“金标准”,进行诊断性试验研究.结果 外翻应力下踝关节中立位0°、跖屈位15°、30°、45°时,MCS测量结果分别为(4.10±0.79)mm、(4.55±0.72)mm、(4.99±0.56)mm、(5.71 +0.86)mm,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);SCS测量结果分别为(3.56±0.41)mm、(3.50±0.43)mm、(3.71±0.44)mm、(3.93±0.51)mm,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);以MCS≥4 mm,且MCS＞SCS作为诊断标准时,中立位0°、跖屈位15°、30°、45°时,出现假阳性率分别为50.0％、66.7％、88.9％、94.4％.以MCS≥5 mm,且MCS＞ SCS作为诊断标准时,中立位0°、跖屈位15°、30°、45°时,出现假阳性率分别为5.6％、11.1％、38.9％、77.8％.结论 不同跖屈角度是影响踝三角韧带损伤X线诊断的重要因素,随着踝关节跖屈角度增加,踝三角韧带损伤X线诊断的假阳性率亦随之升高.     

踝关节内侧韧带损伤及其病理机制初探

目的 探讨踝关节内韧带损伤后内侧不稳定的病理机制.方法 患者15例,男8例,女7例;年龄22～58岁,平均40岁.其中踝关节急性扭伤患者2例,踝关节慢性损伤3例,先天性平足3例,胫后肌腱失能5例,旋前外旋骨折1例,陈旧性的内踝撕脱骨折1例.所有患者均行三角韧带修补术,同时行跟骨延长术8例,内侧楔骨闭合截骨5例,跟骨截骨内移术1例.全部患者术后随访7～56个月,运用美国足踝外科协会(America Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝-后足功能评分进行评估,统计学分析采用t检验.结果 1例踝关节急性骨折患者,由于术前无法评分,不放在统计分析内.其余14例患者术前评分为(42.4±10.6)分,术后评分(89.8±6.2)分(P＜0.05).结论 三角韧带是一个重要的解剖结构,在以下几种情况下须注意其修复:(1)三角韧带损伤范围较广,涉及前部的胫弹簧韧带和胫舟韧带.(2)先天性的平足以及获得性的胫后肌腱失能患者.(3)以往有经常的踝关节扭伤,有外侧韧带的损伤,此次发生了伴有内侧韧带损伤的骨折.     

膝关节镜前交叉韧带残端保留重建的疗效分析

目的 研究膝关节镜前交叉韧带残端保留重建的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2016年1月—2019年12月成都医学院第一附属医院骨科收治的86例前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤患者的病例资料,男性63例,女性23例;年龄22～52岁,平均38.8岁.均为运动损伤.按照是否保留ACL残端分为保留组(n=46)与不保留组(n=40),保留组行膝关节镜ACL残端保留重建,不保留组行膝关节镜ACL残端不保留重建.观察两组术前及术后6、12个月膝关节功能(Lysholm评分)、膝关节稳定性(KT-2000评分)、本体感觉[被动角度再生试验(PART),被动活动察觉阀值(TDPM).观察两组术后6、12个月股骨、胫骨隧道改变情况及术后并发症.结果 术后6个月,保留组Lysholm评分(86.97±9.05)分高于不保留组(80.07±8.43)分,保留组 KT-2000评分(2.20±0.25)分、PART(2.09±0.24)°、TDPM(3.78±0.40).均低于不保留组[KT-2000评分(2.40±0.27)分、PART[2.28±0.27)°、TDPM(4.08±0.43)°,P＜0.05.术后 12个月,保留组[Lysholm 评分(93.95±9.85)分、KT-2000评分(2.00±0.24)分、PART(1.21±0.15)°、TDPM(2.88±0.31)°与不保留组[Lysholm 评分(92.77±9.83)分、KT-2000评分(2.03±0.23)分、PART(1.25±0.19)°、TDPM(2.93±0.33)°比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后6、12个月,保留组股骨隧道[(7.02±0.73)％、(11.87±1.42)％、胫骨隧道[(9.17±0.94)％、(14.87±1.72)％均小于不保留组股骨隧道[(7.62±0.80)％、(13.07±1.78)％、胫骨隧道[(9.85±1.05)％、(16.25±2.03)％,P＜0.05.保留组术后并发症发生率(7％)低于不保留组(23％),P＜0.05.结论 膝关节镜ACL残端保留重建可有效修复ACL损伤,促进膝关节功能、本体感觉恢复,增强膝关节稳定性,避免术后股骨、胫骨隧道过度扩大,且术后并发症发生率低,有助于患者早期功能康复.     

踝部三角韧带损伤的诊疗进展

三角韧带作为踝关节内侧重要的稳定装置,能限制踝关节过度外翻外旋,踝关节骨折合并三角韧带损伤常常发生漏诊、误诊。本文主要综述三角韧带在解剖学特点,分析三角韧带损伤机制、三角韧带损伤的影像学特征,阐述三角韧带修复与否的各家争论,列举三角韧带的手术治疗方式,旨在提高对三角韧带损伤的认识,供临床参考。     

兔肘关节尺侧副韧带急性损伤手术与非手术治疗后的生物力学比较

目的 比较兔急性肘关节尺侧副韧带损伤后手术修复与非手术治疗效果的差异.方法 选取新西兰兔81只,完全随机分为三组,27只暴露出右尺侧副韧带后,但不切断,作为正常对照组(A);27只为切断右肘尺侧副韧带后随即缝合韧带,称为韧带缝合组(B);27只切断尺侧副韧带后不缝合,称为韧带不缝合组(C).分别在术后3,6,12周三个阶段取材,进行生物力学检测.结果 术后12周,B组断裂时的位移为(6.06±0.48)mm,C组为(7.72±0,44)mm(P＜0.05),B组位移接近A组[(5.87±0.46)mm](P＞0.05);B组的最大载荷为(68.23±5.64)N,C组为(42.45±3.66)N(P＜0.05),B组接近A组[(72.86±2.99)N](P＞0.05);B组的轴向刚度为(11.33±1.52)N/mm,C组为(5.52±0.67)N/nan(P＜0.05),B组接近A组[(12.49±1.44)N/mm](P＞0.05);B组的功耗为(0.206±0.017)J,C组为(0.163±0.013)J(P＜0.05),B组接近A组[(0.213±0.010)J](P＞0.05).结论 肘关节尺侧副韧带急性损伤后手术治疗明显优于非手术治疗.     

带蒂的髌韧带修复对陈旧性前交叉韧带损伤患者膝关节功能恢复的影响

目的 探讨带蒂的髌韧带修复对陈旧性前交叉韧带损伤患者膝关节功能恢复的影响.方法 采用前瞻性研究选取2017年1月—2018年9月于长江大学第二临床医学院骨科就诊的86例陈旧性前交叉韧带损伤患者为研究对象,根据数字奇偶法分为对照组和观察组,每组43例.其中男性70例,女性16例;年龄20～40岁,平均25.6岁;致伤原因:运动伤52例,道路交通伤15例,摔伤19例.对照组移植物采用四股胭绳肌腱修复,观察组移植物采用带蒂的髌韧带修复.观察两组患者手术时间、住院时间及恢复运动时间,并记录两组患者随访期间并发症发生情况,术后3个月观察两组患者伸屈膝受限度数以及患侧与健侧大腿周径差值,术后12、24个月采用Pivotshift试验、Lachman试验比较两组患者膝关节稳定性,并采用Lysholm评分评估两组患者术前及术后12、24个月膝关节功能.结果 患者均随访24个月,随访期间未见膝关节感染、粘连及下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生;术后观察组恢复运动时间明显短于对照组[(5.1±2.0)个月vs.(6.2±2.8)个月,t=2.096,P＜0.05;观察组术后24个月Pivotshift试验阳性率,术后12、24个月 Lachman 试验＞3+者比例均高于对照组(88.37％vs.67.44％,44.19％vs.23.26％,81.40％vs.58.14％;x2=5.471、4.214、5.513,P＜0.05).结论 带蒂的髌韧带修复陈旧性前交叉韧带损伤患者有利于膝关节功能恢复,且重返运动时间更短,是一种安全有效的前交叉韧带重建术.     

锚钉修复三角韧带结合内固定治疗旋前外旋Ⅳ度踝关节骨折

目的探讨应用锚钉修复三角韧带损伤结合钢板螺钉内固定治疗旋前外旋Ⅳ度踝关节骨折的疗效。方法 2009年8月~2011年10月,对26例旋前外旋型Ⅳ度踝关节骨折行切开复位内固定,并植入锚钉修复三角韧带深层和浅层,恢复内、外侧结构的稳定性。术后观察骨折愈合及患者踝关节功能恢复情况。结果 26例随访6~30个月,平均16个月。所有骨折均愈合,时间10~16周,平均12周。1例未固定下胫腓联合的患者,负重后逐渐出现踝穴增宽、距骨外移导致创伤性关节炎而疼痛。采用Mazur踝关节症状与功能评分评定疗效:优15例,良8例,可2例,差1例,优良率为88.5%。无感染、骨折不愈合、锚钉松动等发生。结论应重建旋前外旋型踝关节骨折中三角韧带的连续性及下胫腓联合的稳定性,锚钉具有创伤小、对踝关节生理影响小等特点,是修复三角韧带损伤的有效方法。     

Anatomic bundle reconstruction of the deltoid ligament

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of an anatomic bundle reconstruction of the deltoid ligament in patients with stage IV adult flatfoot deformity.Materials and MethodsEleven patients (50.8 ± 8.1 years, 4 females) were treated with such a procedure combined with osseous realignment as needed.ResultsAt 43 months the tibiotalar angle improved from 26.3 degrees (Range 18 – 35) to 11.0 degrees (Range 5 – 18). The AOFAS score improved from 37.4 points (Range 30 – 50) to 85.1 points (Range 82 – 90). No severe complications occurred in this group.ConclusionAnatomic bundle reconstruction of the deltoid ligament is an effective method in the correction of the tibitalar tilt in servere adult pes planus deformity.Level-of-EvidenceLevel IV - Case series     

Syndesmosis and deltoid ligament injuries in the athlete

Purpose

Injury to the syndesmosis and deltoid ligament is less common than lateral ligament trauma but can lead to significant time away from sport and prolonged rehabilitation. This literature review will discuss both syndesmotic and deltoid ligament injuries without fracture in the professional athlete.

Methods

A narrative review was performed using PUBMED, OVID, MEDLINE and EMBASE using the key words syndesmosis, injury, deltoid, ankle ligaments, and athlete. Articles related to the topic were included and reviewed.

Results

The incidence of syndesmotic injury ranges from 1 to 18 % of ankle sprains. This may be underreported and is an often missed injury as clinical examination is generally not specific. Both MRI and ultrasonography have high sensitivities and specificities in diagnosing injury. Arthroscopy may confirm the diagnosis, and associated intra-articular pathology can be treated at the same time as surgical stabilization. Significant deltoid ligament injury in isolation is rare, there is usually associated trauma. Major disruption of both deep and superficial parts can lead to ankle dysfunction. Repair of the ligament following ankle fracture is not necessary, but there is little literature to guide the management of deltoid ruptures in isolation or in association with syndesmotic and lateral ligament injuries in the professional athlete.

Conclusion

Management of syndesmotic injury is determined by the grade and associated injury around the ankle. Grade I injuries are treated non-surgically in a boot with a period of non-weight bearing. Treatment of Grade II and III injuries is controversial with little literature to guide management. Athletes may return to training and play sooner if the syndesmosis is surgically stabilized. For deltoid ligament injury, grade I and II sprains should be treated non-operatively. Unstable grade III injuries with associated injury to the lateral ligaments or the syndesmosis may benefit from operative repair.

Level of evidence

IV.     

急性踝关节三角韧带撕裂伤的超声诊断应用评价

踝关节三角韧带损伤被认为是人体中较频繁发生的运动损伤.国内外有关高频超声诊断急性踝关节韧带损伤的报道少,基本为外侧踝关节韧带损伤的报道[1-3].     

The deltoid ligament: an in-depth review of anatomy, function, and treatment strategies

Purpose

A literature review of the deltoid ligament was conducted, examining the current literature on anatomy, function, and treatment strategies. In particular, anatomical inconsistencies within the literature were evaluated, and detailed anatomical dissections are presented.

Methods

A literature search was conducted on PubMed using keywords relevant to the deltoid ligament in the ankle and medial ankle instability. Primary research articles, as well as appropriate summary articles, were selected for review.

Results

While it is well defined that the deltoid is contiguous and divided into one superficial and one deep portion, the creation of the individual fibres may be artificial. Furthermore, while improvements in imaging techniques and arthroscopy have not led to a consensus on the anatomy of the ligament, they may help improve recognition of deltoid injuries. Once identified, the majority of deltoid injuries can be treated via conservative treatment. However, reparative and reconstructive treatment strategies can also be used for complex acute injuries or chronic medial ankle instability.

Conclusion

Given the continuing evolution of the anatomical understanding of the ligament, the current treatment protocol for deltoid injuries requires further standardization, with an emphasis on proper diagnosis.     

The deltoid, a forgotten muscle of the shoulder

The deltoid is a fascinating muscle with a significant role in shoulder function. It is comprised of three distinct portions (anterior or clavicular, middle or acromial, and posterior or spinal) and acts mainly as an abductor of the shoulder and stabilizer of the humeral head. Deltoid tears are not infrequently associated with large or massive rotator cuff tears and may further jeopardize shoulder function. A variety of other pathologies may affect the deltoid muscle including enthesitis, calcific tendinitis, myositis, infection, tumors, and chronic avulsion injury. Contracture of the deltoid following repeated intramuscular injections could present with progressive abduction deformity and winging of the scapula. The deltoid muscle and its innervating axillary nerve may be injured during shoulder surgery, which may have disastrous functional consequences. Axillary neuropathies leading to deltoid muscle dysfunction include traumatic injuries, quadrilateral space and Parsonage–Turner syndromes, and cause denervation of the deltoid muscle. Finally, abnormalities of the deltoid may originate from nearby pathologies of subdeltoid bursa, acromion, and distal clavicle.