苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平片治疗中老年患者 轻中度原发性高血压的疗效观察

目的 探讨苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平片治疗中老年患者轻中度原发性高血压的临床效果及其安全性。方法 选取我院2017年4月~2018年4月收治的126例患轻中度原发性高血压的中老年患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组63例。对照组选用硝苯地平缓释片治疗,观察组采取苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平片治疗,12周后,比较两组患者治疗前后血压的变化、治疗总有效率和不良反应发生率。结果 观察组治疗12周的血压为（130.89±7.00）/（80.89±6.37）mmHg,血压控制情况优于对照组的（150.52±3.20）/（90.44±4.67）mmHg,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组治疗总有效率为92.06%,高于对照组的74.60%,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组不良反应发生率为1.59%,低于对照组的6.35%,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平片治疗高血压的效果优于硝苯地平缓释片,控制患者血压,且不良反应少,安全性高。     

苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平治疗老年高血压疗效观察

目的 观察苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平治疗老年高血压病的临床疗效.方法 给予42例老年高血压患者服用苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平2.5-5mg/d,每日1次,共10周.结果 治疗10周后,血压由(169.0±10.1)/(1 01.0±10.3)mm Hg下降至(138.5±8.9)/(83.5±6.3)nm Hg.显效率为57.14%(24/42)有效率为28.57%(12/42),无效率为9.52%(4/42).结论 苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平治疗老年高血压取得较理想降压效果的同时,对心率、血脂、血糖、肾功能均无明显影响.是治疗老年高血压病较为理想的药物.     

甲磺酸多沙唑嗪片的微生物限度检查方法研究

甲磺酸多沙唑嗪片是抗高血压的新药 ,我们通过微生物检出试验 ;确定该药有抑菌作用 ,不能按常规方法进行微生物限度检验 ,通过对该药几种前处理方法的筛选 ,选择了对该药先低速离心、再高速离心的前处理方法来消除其抑菌作用。1　材料1 1　实验样品　甲磺酸多沙唑嗪片 ,批号 :2 0 0 2 0 1 0 3 ,康宏药业有限公司提供。1 2　培养基　虎红琼脂培养基 ,肉汤琼脂培养基 ,普通肉汤、真菌培养基 ,均由中国药品生物制品检定所提供。稀释剂 :生理盐水。1 3　对照用菌种　金黄色葡萄球菌 [ＣＭＣＣ (Ｂ)2 60 0 3 ]、枯草芽胞杆菌 [ＣＭＣＣ(Ｂ) 63…     

复方樟脑乳膏微生物限度检查方法的建立

目的:建立复方樟脑乳膏微生物限度检查方法。方法:取复方樟脑乳膏3g加100ml pH7.0无菌氯化钠蛋白胨缓冲液溶解后,静置,取上层液作为供试品溶液,采用培养基稀释法(0.1ml.皿-1)进行细菌、霉菌计数;并进行金黄色葡萄球菌验证测定。结果:用1∶33供试品溶液按培养基稀释法(0.1ml.皿-1)进行大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、黑曲霉菌的回收率均大于70%;采用供试品溶液(1∶33)33ml加入至相应的增菌培养基可以进行金黄色葡萄球菌(200ml.瓶-1)测定。结论:所建立的培养基稀释法进行复方樟脑乳膏微生物限度检查方法可行。     

消毒剂微生物限度检查方法研究

目的：消除微生物限度检查中，消毒剂的抑菌和杀菌作用。方法：消毒剂30ml经薄膜过滤后，用500ml灭菌生理盐水分五次冲洗后，另每管分别注入100ml灭菌生理盐水，作为三份1：10供试液，再按常规方法进行微生物限度。结果：该法消除消毒剂的抑菌、杀菌作用较彻底，方法较为准确可靠。     

丹皮酚软膏微生物限度检查方法适用性研究

目的 根据《中国药典》(2020年版)最新规定,对丹皮酚软膏微生物限度检查方法适用性进行研究,建立该产品的微生物限度检查方法.方法 利用金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、白色念珠菌和黑曲霉菌5种代表菌进行试验,选用1:10、1:20、1:50供试液的平皿倾注法,以及1:10供试液分别冲洗320 ml/膜、56...     

左旋氨氯地平的临床疗效与生物学特性

目的 通过观察手性药物左旋氨氯地平在治疗轻、中度高血压的临床疗效,分析手性药物的生物学特性.方法 入选62例轻、中度高血压患者,随机分为左旋氨氯地平治疗组30例,氨氯地平治疗组32例,观察8周后两组血压变化及不良反应情况.结果 左旋氨氯地平治疗轻、中度高血压的总有效率为86.7％,氨氯地平的总有效率为87.5％,无显著性差异,但不良反应方面,左旋氨氯地平低于氨氯地平.结论 手性药左旋氨氯地平是高效、安全的抗高血压药.氨氯地平的有效活性成分是其左旋异构体.     

The duration of hypomania in bipolar-II disorder in private practice: methodology and validation

BACKGROUND: DSM-IV 4-day minimum hypomania duration is not evidence-based. Epidemiologic data suggest that briefer hypomanias are prevalent in the community. We sought to find out the relative prevalence of short (2-3 days) versus long (>/=4 days) hypomanias in private practice. METHODS: 206 bipolar-II (BP-II) depressed outpatients (group B) and a group of 140 remitted BP-II (group R) were assessed with the DSM-IV Structured Clinical Interview, as modified by the authors. BP-II with short vs. longer hypomania were compared on such bipolar validators as early age at onset, depressive recurrence, atypical feature specifier, depressive mixed state and bipolar family history. In addition, to ascertain the bipolar status of depressed patients with brief hypomanias, we included a comparison group of 178 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients assessed when depressed. RESULTS: 27-30% of hypomanias (depending on whether assessment occurred when patients were depressed or in remission) had 2-3-day duration; 72% lasted less than 4 weeks. Except for the atypical feature specifier, BP-II with short vs. BP-II with longer hypomania were not significantly different on bipolar validators. Moreover, BP-II with short, like its longer hypomanic counterpart, was significantly different from the comparison MDD group on all bipolar indicators. LIMITATIONS: Single interviewer and retrospective evaluation of duration of hypomania. CONCLUSIONS: As BP-II patients almost never present clinically in a hypomanic episode, the retrospective assessment of the duration of these episodes is clinically unavoidable. Most hypomanias last from 2 days to a few weeks. BP-II with shorter vs. longer hypomanias had significantly higher rates of females, comorbidity and atypical features, but were otherwise indistinguishable on crucial bipolar validators. Furthermore, such validators, including bipolar family history, robustly distinguished BP-II with short hypomanias from the MDD group. The conservative 4-day threshold would misclassify one out of three BP-II as MDD. Such misclassification has relevant implications for treatment and outcome, as well as clinical research methodology for depressive and bipolar disorders.     

Optical tomographic mapping of cerebral haemodynamics by means of time-domain detection: methodology and phantom validation

One of the primary applications of diffuse optical imaging is to localize and quantify the changes in the cerebral oxygenation during functional brain activation. Up to now, data from an optical imager are simply presented as a two-dimensional (2D) topographic map using the modified Beer-Lambert law that assumes homogeneous optical properties beneath each optode. Due to the highly heterogeneous nature of the optical properties in the brain, the assumption is evidently invalid, leading to both low spatial resolution and inaccurate quantification in the assessment of haemodynamic changes. To cope with these difficulties, we propose a nonlinear tomographic image reconstruction algorithm for a two-layered slab geometry that uses time-resolved reflected light. The algorithm is based on the previously developed generalized pulse spectrum technique, and implemented within a semi-three-dimensional (3D) framework to conform to the topographic visualization and to reduce computational load. We demonstrate the advantages of the algorithm in quantifying simulated changes in haemoglobin concentrations and investigate its robustness to the uncertainties in the cortical structure and optical properties, as well as the effects of random noises on image quality. The methodology is also validated by experiments using a solid layered phantom.     

Laboratory validation and clinical performance of a saliva-based test for monkeypox virus

Improved diagnostic tests and accessibility are essential for controlling the outbreak of monkeypox. We describe a saliva-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for monkeypox virus, in vitro test performance, and clinical implementation of that assay in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Palm Springs, CA. Finally, using prespecified search terms, we conducted a systematic rapid review of PubMed and Web of Science online databases of studies reporting the performance of oral pharyngeal or saliva-based tests for the monkeypox virus. The assay showed in silico inclusivity of 100% for 97 strains of monkeypox virus, with an analytic sensitivity of 250 copies/ml, and 100% agreement compared to known positive and negative specimens. Clinical testing identified 22 cases of monkeypox among 132 individuals (16.7%), of which 16 (72.7%) reported symptoms, 4 (18.2%) without a rash at the time of testing. Of an additional 18 patients with positive lesion tests, 16 (88.9%) had positive saliva tests. Our systematic review identified six studies; 100% of tests on oropharyngeal specimens from 23 patients agreed with the PCR test result of a lesion. Saliva-based PCR tests are potential tools for case identification, and further evaluation of the performance of such tests is warranted.     

Combining the transmission disequilibrium test and case-control methodology using generalized logistic regression

To study the role of genetic factors in the etiology, susceptibility, or severity of disease, several methods are available. In a transmission disequilibrium test, genotypes of cases are compared to those of their parents to explore whether a specific allele, or marker, at a locus of interest appears to be transmitted in excess of what is expected on the basis of Mendelian inheritance. Such apparent excess transmission indicates that cases are being selected for that allele, thereby providing evidence that this allele is a risk factor for disease. In case-control studies, genotypes of cases are compared to those of controls from the same population to identify whether a specific allele is associated with disease. If so, either the allele at this locus or one in linkage disequilibrium with it may be causally related to the etiology of the disease. Here, we discuss the problem of combining a transmission disequilibrium test and a case-control comparison, in order to integrate all available information, and thereby increase statistical power. As the same cases are used in both approaches, the two results are not independent. However, parents of cases can be independently compared to controls. Both the issue of testing for a genetic effect and the estimation of relative risks under the multiplicative model using generalized logistic regression are discussed.     

Determination of susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to beta-lactam antibiotics by a tablet diffusion test

A standardized tablet diffusion test and a reference agar dilution test was evaluated for susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria to beta-lactam antibiotics. 74 freshly isolated anaerobic bacteria and three control strains (Cl. perfringens ATCC 13124 B. fragilis ATCC 25285, B. thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741) were tested. The in vitro activities of 7 beta-lactam antibiotics were compared with metronidazole and clindamycin. Most active were metronidazole and clindamycin. Cefoxitin had the best activity of the beta-lactam antibiotics, whereas piperacillin and carbenicillin had good activities. High resistance rates were found for penicillin, ampicillin, cefuroxime and cefotaxime. MIC on control strains fell well within range set by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Correlation between MIC and inhibition zone diameters was generally good. Tablet diffusion can be used to divide anaerobic bacteria into three susceptibility categories. In addition all bacterial strains were tested for production of beta-lactamase by a nitrocefin tube test. Beta-lactamase production by the nitrocefin test indicated reduced sensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics.