The Effects of Anesthetic Agent and Carrier Gas on Blood Glucose and Tissue Uptake in Mice Undergoing Dynamic FDG-PET Imaging: Sevoflurane and Isoflurane Compared in Air and in Oxygen

PURPOSE: We sought to identify an anesthetic regime that, unlike isoflurane in air, would maintain glucose homeostasis in mice undergoing Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D: -glucose (FDG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: FDG uptake was also measured in normal and tumor tissues. Athymic and Balb/c nude mice were studied. Blood glucose levels were measured before and after 30 min of FDG PET imaging under isoflurane or sevoflurane carried in air or oxygen. FDG uptake was quantified as a percentage of the injected dose and using Patlak analysis yielding Ki values. RESULTS: Blood glucose levels were more stable under sevoflurane than under isoflurane, especially in the athymic nude mice. Under isoflurane, FDG uptake into myocardium was higher than under sevoflurane and was strongly correlated with the intrascan change in blood glucose. CONCLUSION: Sevoflurane should be preferred for physiologic imaging in mice, minimizing changes in glucose and, for FDG PET, reducing signal spillover from the myocardium.     

Old method, new drugs: Comparison of the efficacy of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and desflurane in achieving controlled hypotension in spinal surgery

This study compared the efficacy of isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane in achieving hemodynamic stability in spinal procedures using moderate levels of controlled hypotension. After obtaining ethics committee approval and written informed consent, 32 American Surgical Association I-II patients were randomly allocated to receive isoflurane (n=12), sevoflurane (n=10), or desflurane (n=10) in O₂-N₂O (1:1) for maintenance of anesthesia. The induction of anesthesia, fentanyl dosage, and initial and maintenance volume replacements were standardized. Blood pressure was invasively monitored and maintained within a target systolic blood pressure (SBP) range of 80 to 90 mm Hg during the study. SBP outside this range was recorded. Volatile anesthetic concentration was adjusted according to the same protocol for all 3 agents. SPB control was maintained better with sevoflurane and isoflurane than desflurane; median SBP was outside the target range during 32% (range, 15%-55%) of study time with isoflurane, 26% (12%-42%) with sevoflurane, and 44% (20%-80%) with desflurane. Total blood loss did not differ among the groups. Sevoflurane and isoflurane administered in 2 L/min fresh gas flow were more effective than desflurane in achieving controlled hypotension in spinal surgery.     

黄芪并用苯那普利治疗早期慢性肾功能不全患者的疗效观察

目的 :观察黄芪并用苯那普利对各种病因所致的早期慢性肾功能不全患者的疗效。方法 :4 2例由各种病因所致的早期慢性肾功能不全采用自身对照开放试验方式 ,经 3个月观察后 ,先给黄芪 30g/次 ,及苯那普利 10mg/次 ,疗程共 6个月。结果 :治疗后 85 .71%患者的血肌酐每月平均下降值与治疗前比较有显著差别 (P <0 .0 5 )。对药物性肾病及糖尿病肾病的效果优于其它病因所致的早期慢性肾功能不全。患者血肌酐的下降与尿蛋白的减少之间有显著差别 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :黄芪并用苯那普利能减少蛋白尿 ,降低血肌酐浓度 ,能较好延缓多种病因所致慢性肾功能不全的病程     

七氟醚预处理对大鼠急性肾缺血-再灌注损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的：探索七氟醚对急性肾缺血-再灌注损伤肾功能的保护作用。方法选择健康 SD 大鼠90只,随机分为三组：伪手术组、对照组及七氟醚预处理组,建立肾缺血-再灌注模型,测定各组大鼠平均动脉压（MAP）、二氧化碳分压（PCO2）、血清尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的变化,HE 染色观察各组大鼠肾组织病理改变。结果随着七氟醚预处理浓度的增加,大鼠 MAP 呈下降趋势,但在七氟醚浓度2％-3％的临床常用剂量范围内,大鼠的 MAP 波动于92．1±6．0 mmHg。各组肾缺血前与再灌注后,PCO2浓度无明显变化。对照组及七氟醚预处理组 BUN 和 Cr 于再灌注后12 h、24 h 均明显高于伪手术组（P ＜0．05）,但七氟醚预处理组再灌注后12 h、24 h 的BUN、Cr 水平均较对照组明显下降（P ＜0．05）。七氟醚预处理组和对照组均较伪手术组血清 SOD 活力减低,但七氟醚预处理组 SOD 活力较对照组高,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。肾脏病理观察发现伪手术组肾脏组织结构完整,对照组肾脏外髓部分组织结构严重破坏,而七氟醚预处理组肾脏组织破坏较小,肾小管组织相对完整。结论七氟醚吸入式麻醉能够有效降低 BUN、Cr 水平,保护 SOD 活力,对急性肾缺血-再灌注损伤肾功能具有一定的保护作用。     

慢性肾衰患者血清NT—proBNP和HCY的检测及其意义

[目的]探讨慢性肾衰患者血清氨基末端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）和同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）含量与心血管疾病之间的关系.[方法]慢性肾衰患者87例分为心血管疾病组（CVD组）55例和无心血管疾病组（NVCD组）32例,另选50例健康对照（对照组）,检测其血清NT-proBNP、Hcy和其他生化指标并进行比较.[结果]两组慢性肾衰患者除内生肌酐清除率低于健康对照组外其他各指标均明显高于健康对照组（P〈0.01）且肾衰患者两组间NT-proBNP、Hcy水平有显著性差异（P〈0.01）,其他指标均无差异（P〉0.05）.慢性肾衰患者NCVD组NT-proBNP、Hcy水平与血清肌酐浓度成正相关,与内生肌酐清除率负相关（P〈0.01）,但CVD组NT-proBNP与血清肌酐和内生肌酐清除率没有相关性.[结论]NT-proBNP、Hcy可预测慢性肾衰患者心血管疾病的发生,NT-proBNP也可作为反映其心血管功能的指标.     

Potential role of parathyroid hormone as an inhibitor of erythropoiesis in the anemia of renal failure

Patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency and patients with end-stage renal disease receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis or regular hemodialysis therapy were studied to assess the independent relationship between serum parathyroid hormone concentration, and both severity of anemia and degree of serum inhibition of erythropoiesis. In patients with renal insufficiency not receiving dialysis, a significant curvilinear relationship between serum parathyroid hormone and creatinine concentrations was present (r = 65, p less than 0.001). Serum parathyroid hormone (by radioimmunoassay) also correlated with hematocrit level (r = -0.54, p less than 0.001) and degree of serum inhibition of in vitro erythroid progenitor cell growth in fetal mouse liver cultures (r = -0.45, p less than 0.001). However, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that after controlling for the effect of creatinine, m-parathyroid hormone is no longer a significant predictor of hematocrit level or erythroid progenitor cell growth. On the other hand, when a restricted population of patients with creatinine values between 1 and 4 mg/dl was analyzed separately, controlling for the effect of creatinine, there was still a significant correlation between hematocrit level and m-parathyroid hormone, but no such relationship was seen when participants with parathyroid hormone levels of less than or equal to 1000 pg/ml were analyzed. No significant correlation was seen between hematocrit level or inhibition of erythroid colony growth and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in patients receiving either regular hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. In 13 patients given regular hemodialysis studied before and after parathyroidectomy, there was no significant change in serum erythropoietin (by radioimmunoassay) or serum inhibition of erythropoiesis, although hematocrit levels increased in six of the 13 patients. The 1-34 human parathyroid hormone, 1-84 bovine parathyroid hormone, and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol had no effect on in vitro erythroid burst-forming unit growth. Parathyroid hormone (8 mu/ml) inhibited and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (4.0 ng/ml) stimulated erythroid colony-forming unit growth only in the absence of exogenous erythropoietin in culture. In summary, it was not possible to demonstrate a significant relationship between serum parathyroid hormone levels and anemia or inhibition of erythropoiesis in patients with uremia either before starting dialysis or after receiving long-term dialysis treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Experiences of a Poison Center Network with Renal Insufficiency in Acetaminophen Overdose: An Analysis of 17 Cases

Objective: Renal insufficiency is less common than liver failure in acetaminophen overdose but renal tubular damage occurs even in the absence of hepatotoxicity. Data published on this topic are rare consisting mostly of case reports or reports in a small number of patients. Presently, a larger number of patients with renal insufficiency associated with acetaminophen overdose should be analyzed using a multicenter approach. Study design: Retrospective analysis of patients with acetaminophen-related nephrotoxicity reported to a poison center network from 1995 to 2003. Renal insufficiency was defined as elevated serum creatinine of more than double of the normal range (> 2.4 mg/dL [212 micromol/L]). Patients were classified into 4 groups (A: creatinine 2.4–5.0 mg/dL, B: creatinine > 5.0 mg/dL requiring no dialysis, C: creatinine > 5.0 mg/dL requiring dialysis, D: creatinine > 5.0 mg/dL with fatal outcome). Results: Seventeen patients were included (8 female, 9 male, average age 31.7 ± 21.1 yrs) with 6 patients in group A (B: 7, C: 2, D: 2). In 5 patients renal insufficiency occurred without elevation of liver enzymes. Regarding possible risk factors 5 patients concomitantly ingested nephrotoxic substances, 4 presented with dehydration due to vomiting, 4 with chronic excessive dosing (overdose) of acetaminophen, 3 showed pre-existing renal insufficiency, 2 pre-existing liver disease and 2 died with multiple organ failure. Conclusions: Renal insufficiency in acetaminophen overdose mostly resolved without dialysis and occurred isolated without hepatotoxicity in less than one-third of the investigated patients. Conditions which might play a role as influencing factors for renal complications included concomitant ingestion of nephrotoxic drugs, dehydration, chronic excessive dosing (overdose) of acetaminophen, pre-existing renal or liver disease and multiple organ failure. Renal function should be monitored in acetaminophen overdose particularly in patients showing the latter comorbidity.     

Renal handling of urate in healthy man in hyperuricaemia and renal insufficiency: circadian fluctuation, effect of water diuresis and of uricosuric agents

Abstract. To differentiate between extrarenal and renal causes of hyperuricaemia and gout, clearances of urate and creatinine were monitored for 31/2 days in fifty-two individuals (seven with a history of gout) with no gross impairment of renal function (creatinine clearance 52–137 ml/min). Dietary purine intake was kept constant. Monophasic circadian fluctuations of fractional urate excretion (= urate clearance over creatinine clearance) were observed with peak values in the afternoon, about 50% higher than during the night. Circadian fluctuations of urinary flow rate were almost identical. However, enhancement of urinary flow rate due to water diuresis had no effect on urate clearance. Despite wide variation of plasma urate concentrations among different individuals (±30% SD), daily urate excretion varied little (± 4% SD) and did not correlate with plasma urate ( r = 0–03). Thus extrarenal factors appear not to account for the occurrence of hyperuricaemia in these patients. In contrast, a clearcut negative correlation was apparent between plasma urate concentration and fractional urate clearance ( r = -0 72), which could fully account for the variations of plasma urate concentration. To elucidate further the mechanism responsible for antiuricosuria in hyperuricaemic patients, the effects of the uricosuric agents benzbromarone and probenecid were tested. A clearcut correlation was apparent between control fractional urate excretion and uricosuric effect of both benzbromarone and probenecid ( r = 0–83 and 0–88, respectively), suggesting that anti-uricosuria was due to defective secretion. In an additional series, the uricosuric effect of probenecid was tested in ten patients with renal insufficiency. In these patients the uricosuric effect was clearly blunted, indicating that urate reab-sorption is reduced in renal insufficiency.     

Cation Metabolism During Propofol Sedation With and Without EDTA in Patients With Impaired Renal Function

Objective: To compare the effects of propofol with and without disodium edetate (EDTA) on cation metabolism in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with renal insufficiency who received propofol or propofol plus EDTA (propofol EDTA) for sedation and mechanical ventilation. Design: Double-blind, randomised, multicentre study. Setting: Medical and surgical ICUs from 5 hospitals. Patients: Thirty-nine ICU patients with acute and chronic renal impairment expected to require at least 24 hours of continuous sedation and respiratory failure necessitating mechanical ventilation. Interventions: Propofol or propofol EDTA administered for sedation by continuous intravenous infusion. Measurements and Results: The depth of sedation, as measured by the Modified Ramsay Sedation Scale, was similar in the 2 groups, when adjusted for dosing differences. The amount of propofol required to maintain adequate sedation was decreased in both groups compared to propofol requirements in ICU patients with normal renal function. EDTA levels were elevated at baseline in both groups. In the propofol EDTA group, the EDTA levels increased further by 20 % but decreased to below baseline EDTA levels at 48 hours after sedation. In the propofol group, EDTA levels decreased during sedation and remained below baseline levels at 48 hours after sedation. Patients in both groups were hypocalcaemic and hyperphosphataemic at baseline with low levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Other than a slight difference in ionised serum calcium levels at 4 h after the start of sedation, there were no significant differences observed in serum calcium levels between the two groups. There were no significant differences in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or PTH levels over time between the two groups. There was no significant effect on renal function in either group. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that adding EDTA to propofol does not adversely affect cation homeostasis or renal function when used for sedation of ICU patients with renal insufficiency. Although EDTA levels increased over time from baseline levels in patients with renal insufficiency who receive propofol EDTA, this increase does not appear to be clinically significant, and EDTA levels return to below baseline levels within 48 hours of discontinuing the propofol EDTA infusion. The efficacy of propofol with and without EDTA also appears comparable in these patients.     

Increased plasma histamine levels in uraemic pruritus

1. We determined plasma levels of histamine in uraemic patients and examined their correlation with the presence of pruritus. 2. In 27 patients with chronic renal failure, plasma histamine levels were analysed by radioimmunoassay and were compared with those of 40 healthy adult subjects. The control population showed plasma histamine concentrations of 185 +/- 33 pg/ml, which were significantly lower than those of the patients with renal insufficiency. The highest levels (552 +/- 116 pg of histamine/ml) were found in 16 patients with chronic renal failure (mean serum creatinine 5.1 +/- 1.0 mg/dl) and severe itching. 3. Twelve patients with pronounced pruritus who were on maintenance haemodialysis (serum creatinine 9.2 +/- 1.2 mg/dl) had a mean plasma histamine concentration of 515 +/- 81 pg/ml. Fifteen patients on regular haemodialysis (serum creatinine 9.0 +/- 1.5 mg/dl) and who experienced itching had plasma histamine levels (322 +/- 40 pg/ml) which were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than those of the patients with pruritus but which were elevated compared with those of the control population (P less than 0.01). 4. No correlation could be found between increased plasma histamine levels and the type of dialysis membrane used or the method of sterilization of the membrane. 5. Haemodialysis alone did not reduce plasma histamine concentrations, although high concentrations could be detected in the ultrafiltrate. In six patients a rapid decrease in plasma histamine concentration from 565 +/- 134 pg/ml to within the normal range could be detected after 60 min of combined haemodialysis and haemoperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

肾病患者内源性肾小球滤过率的实验室评价

目的 :评估肾病患者内源性肾小球滤过率 (GFR)。方法 :测定了 5 7例肾病患者和 39例健康对照血中CystatinC(CysC )、尿素、肌酐和肌酐清除率浓度。结果 :患者尿素、肌酐、肌酐清除率和CysC浓度与健康对照组间均存在明显差异 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;相关分析表明CysC和肌酐清除率之间 (P <0 .0 1 )、CysC和肌酐之间 (P <0 .0 1 )存在明显的相关关系。而肌酐和尿素之间 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,以及肌酐和肌酐清除率之间 (P >0 .0 5 )无明显相关关系存在。结论 :肾病患者血中CysC浓度增高 ,对GFR功能早期受损的评估优于尿素、肌酐和肌酐清除率。     

Sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia for short surgical interventions]

Sevoflurane, a new halogen inhalation anesthetic for mononarcosis, was used in 33 patients aged 22-57 years subjected to noncavitary general surgical and urological operations lasting for 50 +/- 9 min. Induction anesthesia consisted in sevoflurane inhalation in a semi-open contour. The anesthetic was delivered first in a dose of 0.2 vol% which was increased to 3-4 vol% by the end of induction (1.5-1.8 MAC). Laryngeal mask was used in 28 patients, in the rest tracheal intubation was carried out after succinyl choline. Maintenance dose of sevoflurane was 2-3 vol%. Electrocardiogram was recorded and arterial pressure monitored by indirect methods, pulse oxymetry and capnography were carried out. For evaluating the probable toxic effect, serum levels of total bilirubin, SGPT, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, urea, albumin, potassium, and sodium were measured. Sevoflurane did not suppress the respiration and allowed assisted ventilation of the lungs, if necessary. No appreciable changes in the hemodynamics were observed, though heart rate was to be monitored. There were no biochemical shifts indicative of hepatic or renal involvement. Sevoflurane is recommended for total anesthesia in short non-cavitary interventions as mononarcosis, that is, such anesthesia requires virtually no extra narcotics, neuroleptics, or ataractics.     

Renal artery PTA and stent implantation: immediate and late clinical and morphological outcome

BACKGROUND: Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a potentially curable cause of secondary hypertension, but the indications for interventional treatment of renovascular hypertension are still a matter of debate. The aim of the study was to investigate immediate and long-term results of percutaneous renal artery revascularization (PTRA). Primary technical success, peri-intervention complications, patency, the course of arterial hypertension and renal function were analyzed. METHODS: 32 renal interventions in 24 consecutive patients (15 PTA, 17 stents) were investigated in a retrospective cohort study. Comorbidities, interventional data and serum creatinine were recorded. Patients were followed for a median period of 45 months (IQR, 32 to 68). Clinical evaluation of the course of blood pressure, serum creatinine, Doppler ultrasound evaluation and multi-slice spiral-CT angiography were performed at follow-up. RESULTS: Primary technical success was achieved in 30 interventions (94%), and in 2 patients during a secondary intervention. The rate of complications was 16% (n = 5). Three major complications were encountered (9%): 1 renal artery thrombosis and 2 acute renal failures. Three patients developed late renal failure after 1, 4 and 37 months, but the overall serum creatinine levels remained stable during the observation period. Hypertension was improved after intervention in 17 patients (71%). However, recurrent hypertension was found in 9 patients (38%) after a median period of 49 months (IQR, 47 to 96). Patency rates at 12, 24 and 72 months were 94%, 94% and 64%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Renal artery PTA can be performed with an acceptable rate of major complications and good long term morphological results. However, clinical outcome in terms of sustained improvement of hypertension is moderate.     

Cation Metabolism During Propofol Sedation With and Without EDTA in Patients With Impaired Renal Function

Objective: To compare the effects of propofol with and without disodium edetate (EDTA) on cation metabolism in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with renal insufficiency who received propofol or propofol plus EDTA (propofol EDTA) for sedation and mechanical ventilation. Design: Double-blind, randomised, multicentre study. Setting: Medical and surgical ICUs from 5 hospitals. Patients: Thirty-nine ICU patients with acute and chronic renal impairment expected to require at least 24 hours of continuous sedation and respiratory failure necessitating mechanical ventilation. Interventions: Propofol or propofol EDTA administered for sedation by continuous intravenous infusion. Measurements and Results: The depth of sedation, as measured by the Modified Ramsay Sedation Scale, was similar in the 2 groups, when adjusted for dosing differences. The amount of propofol required to maintain adequate sedation was decreased in both groups compared to propofol requirements in ICU patients with normal renal function. EDTA levels were elevated at baseline in both groups. In the propofol EDTA group, the EDTA levels increased further by 20 % but decreased to below baseline EDTA levels at 48 hours after sedation. In the propofol group, EDTA levels decreased during sedation and remained below baseline levels at 48 hours after sedation. Patients in both groups were hypocalcaemic and hyperphosphataemic at baseline with low levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Other than a slight difference in ionised serum calcium levels at 4 h after the start of sedation, there were no significant differences observed in serum calcium levels between the two groups. There were no significant differences in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or PTH levels over time between the two groups. There was no significant effect on renal function in either group. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that adding EDTA to propofol does not adversely affect cation homeostasis or renal function when used for sedation of ICU patients with renal insufficiency. Although EDTA levels increased over time from baseline levels in patients with renal insufficiency who receive propofol EDTA, this increase does not appear to be clinically significant, and EDTA levels return to below baseline levels within 48 hours of discontinuing the propofol EDTA infusion. The efficacy of propofol with and without EDTA also appears comparable in these patients.     

慢性肾功能不全患者冠脉介入前水化治疗的护理

目的探讨慢性肾功能不全合并冠心病患者在行冠脉介入检查及治疗前水化治疗的护理要点。方法术前全面评估患者情况、做好水化治疗的护理,密切监测介入后的病情变化。结果105例患者经水化治疗后,血肌酐(Scr)为71.4～184μmol/L,无1例发生肾功能不全加重或出现急性肾功能衰竭,好转出院。结论做好慢性肾功能不全患者冠脉介入前水化沿疗的护理,是避免患者肾功能不全加重或出现急性肾功能衰竭的有效措施。     

Incidence of renal insufficiency in cancer patients

The frequency of chronic renal insufficiency among cancer patients is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of impaired renal function within a population of cancer patients. One thousand two hundred seventeen patients (563 women, 654 men) with cancer underwent serum creatinine concentration and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) evaluations. The Cockcroft-Gault formula was used to estimate the GFR from the creatinine clearance (Cl_cr). Renal insufficiency was defined as a GFR ≤90 mL/min. Among this population, 72 (5.9%)demonstrated an abnormal serum creatinine concentration (> 1.2 mg/dL). According to the Cockcroft-Gault formula evaluations, however, 330 (27.1%) of the patients had an estimated GFR < 90 mL/min. Among these, the Cl_cr was between 60 and 89 mL/min in 241 patients (19.8%); 30 and 59 mL/min in 75 patients (6.2%); and 15 and 29 mL/min in 7 patients (0.6%); 7 patients (6%) had a Cl_cr < 15 mL/min. As a result, 21.2% of patients demonstrating a normal serum creatinine level had abnormal renal function. Renal function should be evaluated in all cancer patients, regardless of their serum creatinine level, before any drug regimen is administered. The Cockcroft-Gault formula appears to be more accurate than serum creatinine concentration for diagnosing renal insufficiency in patients with cancer, but more prospective studies in this population will be necessary to confirm this finding.     

慢性肾功能衰竭患者高同型半胱氨酸血症与血清维生素B12、叶酸、脂蛋白(α)水平的关系

目的 探讨慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)患者血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY)水平与其代谢因子叶酸、维生素B_(12)水平、血肌酐(SCr)及有关生化指标之间的关系。方法 本研究分为两组:正常对照组47例,慢性肾功能衰竭组46例。应用荧光偏振免疫分析(FPIA)方法测定血清HCY浓度,同时测定血清叶酸、维生素B_(12)、SCr、ALB、血脂、脂蛋白及瘦素(Leptin)浓度。结果 CRF患者血清HCY浓度(24.6±8.1)μmol/L比正常对照组(10.7±3.8)μmol/L,显著升高(P<0.001);CRF患者叶酸水平(14.5±8.8)ng/ml比正常人(5.5±2.5)ng/ml显著升高(P<0.001),血清维生素B_(12)(456±309)pg/ml比正常人(346±117)pg/ml明显升高(P<0.05);血清HCY浓度与叶酸、维生素B_(12)浓度呈明显负相关(分别为r=-0.586,P<0.01;r=-0.442,P<0.05);血清HCY浓度与SCr、Lp(a)浓度呈明显正相关,与瘦素及其它血脂水平无明显相关;血液透析患者透析后血清HCY水平(17.6±6.2)μmol/L比透析前(25.4±8.2)μmol/L明显下降(P<0.001)。结论CRF患者血清HCY水平比正常人明显升高;CRF患者肾功能、血清叶酸、维生素B_(12)水平是影响HCY水平的重要因素;血清脂蛋白(a)增高与高HCY血症密切相关;口服叶酸治疗不能满意纠正高HCY血症;血液透析可清除体内部分HCY。如何完全纠正CRF患者高HCY血症尚     

供体血浆中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白水平评价活体供肾切取术后残肾功能的临床意义

目的 探讨供体血浆中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,NGAL)水平在评价活体供肾切取术后残肾功能中的临床意义.方法 采用前瞻性研究方法,选择2018年11月至2020年10月在郑州市第七人民医院行亲属肾移植(活体供肾切取术)的供肾者9...     

西罗莫司替代钙调磷酸酶抑制剂治疗肾毒性和慢性移植肾肾病

背景：西罗莫司替代钙调磷酸酶抑制剂治疗肾移植后钙调磷酸酶抑制剂肾毒性和慢性移植肾肾病,转换对象的选择和时机至关重要。目的：观察不同血肌酐水平下应用西罗莫司替代钙调磷酸酶抑制剂治疗肾移植患者钙调磷酸酶抑制剂肾毒性和慢性移植肾肾病的临床效果。方法：选择肾移植后确诊钙调磷酸酶抑制剂慢性肾毒性和慢性移植肾肾病患者,根据转换前血肌酐≤220 μmol/L和血肌酐〉 220 μmol/L,各分为钙调磷酸酶抑制剂肾毒性组、慢性移植肾肾病组和钙调磷酸酶抑制剂维持组;前两组将原有免疫抑制方案中钙调磷酸酶抑制剂转换为西罗莫司,转换组共53例,钙调磷酸酶抑制剂维持患者为对照组共28例,随访3年。动态观察各组在不同随访时间点的血肌酐水平及不良事件发生率,并在随访终点共行移植肾穿刺活检9例。结果与结论：转换前血肌酐≤ 220 μmol/L钙调磷酸酶抑制剂肾毒性组、慢性移植肾肾病组血肌酐值,在随访第24、36个月血肌酐较转换前明显降低（P 〈 0.05）,钙调磷酸酶抑制剂维持组血肌酐呈缓慢爬行上升高于前两组（P 〈 0.05）。血肌酐〉 220 μmol/L钙调磷酸酶抑制剂肾毒性组血肌酐转换后显著下降（P 〈 0.05）;后两组转换后血肌酐呈爬行上升（P 〈 0.05）。转换后主要不良事件有轻度贫血（30.2%）、高脂血症（35.8%）、白细胞低下（22.6%）等。肾移植后血肌酐爬行升高转换西罗莫司方案疗效显著,转换前穿刺活检确诊钙调磷酸酶抑制剂肾中毒还是慢性移植肾肾病,并结合血肌酐水平综合判断是否行西罗莫司转换治疗,注意监测血脂水平;转换应在移植肾功能发生严重损害前进行,早期转换,患者将获益更大。