冠心病P／P－R段与多谱勒左室舒张功能相关性意义

目的 对冠心病心电图P／P－R段比值与多谱左室舒张功能参数相关性意义进行探讨。方法 研究 对象为52例冠心病患者，取心电图P－R段的商为P／P－R比值。采用多谱勒超声心动图取二尖瓣血流频谱，测量舒张功能指标，包括E波加速时间（ACCT），E波减速时间（DECT），E峰值速度（E），A峰值速度（A），E／A比值，E波流速积分（ETVI），1／3舒张期流速积分（TVI1／3），全舒张期流速和分（TOTALTVI）以及E流充盈分数（RFF）进行了统计分析。结果 P／P－R段比值与二尖瓣血流频谱流速及流速积分相关，冠心病P／P－R段比值增大，流速及流速积分参数减低，对比有显著或非常显著差异（P＜0．05，P＜0．01）。结论 P／P－R段比值测量简单易行，可靠性 ，对评价冠心病左室舒张功能有一定的应用价值。     

SEOS/h-PEO共混物薄膜的微观分相结构

采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察由结晶性均聚物聚氧乙烯(h-PEO)与半结晶性嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-嵌-聚氧乙烯-嵌-聚苯乙烯（SEOS）组成的干、湿刷共混物薄膜结构。结果表明：4种共混系统的薄膜结构均由嵌段PEO和PEO均聚物组成球形PEO分散相;随着均聚物含量的增加,PEO分散相尺寸逐渐增大;当均聚物质量分数增大到33.3%时,在聚苯乙烯（PS）连续相中形成了类似胶束的“核-壳”结构。     

RPS／CPE的反应性共混及其对PS／PE的增容作用

用ＦＴＩＲ、ＤＳＣ等方法研究了含恶唑啉官能力的聚苯乙烯（ＲＰＳ）与氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）之间的反应。ＲＰＳ、ＣＰＥ、ＰＳ、ＰＥ在不同温度下用反应式挤出要熔融共辊，结果表明，ＲＰＳ／ＣＰＥ对ＰＳ／ＰＥ共混物具有增容作用，提高了共混物的力学性能。此反应性共混适宜在较低温度下进行，对ＲＰＳＣＰＥ共混物还进行了动态力学表征，并与ＲＰＳ进行比较以进一步了解共混物的特征。     

苯乙烯与D—120共聚物的性能研究

合成了侧基含有过氧键的苯乙烯－Ｄ－１２０共聚物（Ｐｏｌｙ（Ｓｒ－ｃｏ－Ｄ－１２０）ＰＳＤ）。用ＩＲ、ＧＰＣ进行了表征。用ＤＳＣ、ＧＰＣ、ＴＧＡ探讨了共聚物的热稳定性及分解机理，并对其就地增容ＰＳ／ＬＤＰＥ共混体系进行了初步研究。结果表明：共聚物中过氧键浓度越大，其起始分解温度越低，降解越严重，该共聚物可作为ＰＥ／ＰＳ共混体系的就地增容剂。     

反相乳液聚合法制备PDA及其性能

用水溶性的氧化还原引发剂引发，通过反相乳液聚合制备了二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（DMDAAC）-丙烯酰胺（AM）共聚物（PDA），聚合反应中水／油体积比为1．0／1．2，单体质量分数ω=0．33，阳离子单体DMDAAC与AM的摩尔比为1／9。研究了温度和引发剂浓度对聚合动力学的影响，结果表明聚合温度40℃、mt（引发剂）／mM（单体）=0．5／100．0是最佳反应条件。探讨了PDA在不同浓度KBr溶液和不同种类小分子电解质溶液中的粘度特性，随小分子电解质浓度的增大和小分子电解质阴离子半径的增加，比浓粘度和特性粘数减小。当PDA与明矾复配用于絮凝时，明矾的最佳投料量为25mg／L、PDA投料量为4．16mg／L，且该体系的pH适用范围较广。     

PS/PC共混膜的干燥动力学

高分子共混物薄膜产品中的残余溶剂量与干燥过程密切相关,是影响高分子涂膜性能的重要因素之一。将石英晶体微天平（QCM）与自制强制空气对流干燥装置相结合,研究了不同共混比的聚苯乙烯（PS）/聚碳酸酯（PC）共混物的二氯甲烷铸膜液在不同热空气流速和温度下的干燥过程,并应用蠕变传递模型关联了干燥动力学实验数据。研究结果表明：高分子共混物的共混比例对干燥速率有较大影响。由于PC链段之间能形成氢键,导致PC链段微区较易结晶,对溶剂小分子的扩散有一定的阻碍作用。关联得到的溶剂在高分子共混膜中无限稀释扩散系数随着PC含量的增加而下降。选择合适的高分子-溶剂体系对减少高分子涂膜中残余溶剂,进而提高产品质量十分重要。     

受阻酚杂化体系的氢键强度和数量与阻尼性能的关联

考察了含3个受阻酚羟基的1,1,3-三（2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基）丁烷（CA）与多种丙烯酸树脂共混物的玻璃化转变温度（T_g）和阻尼性能。CA的分子内自聚氢键强度远小于同聚丙烯酸酯的分子间氢键强度,小分子在聚合物中具有良好的分散稳定性。对于聚合物中含有甲氧基的杂化体系而言,除了羰基与酚羟基的氢键作用,还可能存在甲氧基与酚羟基之间的氢键作用,因此氢键数量较多。动态机械分析测试（DMA）表明,杂化体系的阻尼性能随CA质量分数的增加而提高,并且随着聚合物基体中甲氧基数目比例的提高,阻尼增效逐渐增强,其中聚丙烯酸甲氧基乙酯杂化体系（POEA/CA）具有最优异的阻尼性能。这些结果说明对于同一种小分子而言,小分子与聚合物之间实际形成的氢键数量越多,小分子对聚合物的阻尼增效越强。     

聚醚砜溶液流变性的研究

研究了聚醚砜（PES）/二甲基亚砜（DMSO）体系中PES的质量分数、原液温度对流变性的影响和原液中PES的质量分数对粘流活化能的影响,从而得出PES/DMSO体系属于切力变稀流体,非牛顿指数随着PES质量分数的增加而不断减小,随着溶液温度的升高而不断增大.     

均聚物PS共混对PI-PS-PLA薄膜中微纳米结构的影响

将均聚物聚苯乙烯（PS）与三嵌段共聚物聚异戊二烯聚苯乙烯聚乳酸（PIPSPLA）以一定摩尔比共混,采用原子力显微镜（AFM）研究了均聚物浓度对其薄膜样品中微纳米结构的影响。结果表明：当n(PS)∶n(PIPSPLA)为1∶2和1∶1时,薄膜呈现出规则排列的柱状微结构,且柱状微区的尺寸较混合前的样品有所改变;当n(PS)∶n(PIPSPLA)为2∶1时,PS与嵌段共聚物PIPSPLA的分子链发生了相分离,其中均聚物PS相形成了较大尺寸的岛状微区。     

实时三平面技术对阵发性，懒动患者左心室及左心房能的评价

目的应用实时三平面自动功能成像（AFI）及应变率成像（SRI）技术分别评价阵发性心房颤动（PAF）患者左心室及左心房功能的变化。方法对PAF患者36例（PAF组）及健康志愿者30例（对照组）进行常规（二维）超声心动图检查,测定左心房内径（LAD）及舒张早期二尖瓣跨瓣血流速度（E）,运用组织速度成像（TV1）在心尖四腔心切面测得左心室室间隔和侧壁舒张期峰值速度,获得其平均值Em．并计算E／Em值;应用AFI技术测量并比较两组左心室17节段的纵向收缩峰值应变（RLS）及整体纵向收缩峰值应变（GLS）;应用SRI技术获得左心房的应变率曲线并测量左心房各壁中间段及心底段收缩期、舒张早期、心房收缩期峰值应变率（SRs、SRe、SRa）,计算其平均值（mSRs、mSRe、mSRa）。结果与对照组比较,PAF组LAD增大。E、E／Em升高。Em、LVEF降低（P〈0．01）：PAF组左心室前壁、侧壁、后壁、下壁的基底段RLS较对照组虽有减低,但差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）,其余节段RLS、心脏整体应变均不同程度减低（P〈0．05或0．01）;PAF组mSRs、mSRe、mSRa减低（均P〈0．01）。结论AFI及SRI对全面评价PAF左心房及左心室功能的改变具有重要的应用价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.