彩色多普勒超声诊断移植肾动脉狭窄一例

患者为男性,38岁,2006年7月因尿毒症在我院行同种异体肾移植,供肾动脉主干与受者的右侧髂外动脉行端侧吻合。术后4个月,患者血压160 mm Hg/100mm Hg,移植肾区无压痛,局部可闻及粗糙吹风样杂音,血尿素氮为13.59 mmol/L,肌酐为209.9μmol/L,尿酸为539.4μmol/L,临床疑有排斥反应,彩色多普勒超声检查显示右髂窝部移植肾大小为9.1 cm×4.2 cm×5.8 cm,形态及实质回声正常,肾周无积液,肾内血流分布正常,叶间动脉及段动脉阻力指数(RI)偏低,分别为0.41和0.36。距吻合口约1 cm处的肾动脉主干内中膜增厚,较厚处为1.0 mm,管腔变窄,内径0.8 mm,此处可见五彩镶嵌血流束,流速PSV为592 cm/s,EDV为302 cm/s,RI为0.49,提示移植肾动脉局限性狭窄。2006     

肾动脉狭窄支架植入术后护理

经皮肾动脉成形术 ( PTRA)于 90年代初开始在我国应用于临床 ,肾动脉内支架植入则是近两年开始的一项新的治疗技术。它主要适用于肾动脉起始处严重狭窄、经球囊扩张后效果不满意的顽固性血压升高的病人。我科自 1 999年 4月至 2 0 0 0年 4月 ,对 1 5例高血压病人行 PTRA及支架植入术 ,术后病人血压均得到较好控制 ,并能从事一般体力活动。1　临床资料1 5例中 ,男 4例、女 1 1例 ,年龄最大 60岁 ,最小 1 4岁 ,平均 37.0岁。高血压病史 2～ 30年 ,其中1 1例每天服降压药物 4～ 5种 ,血压仍然控制不理想 ,3例并发高血压脑病。均于住院期间…     

肾动脉狭窄支架植入术的临床疗效观察

目的探讨肾动脉狭窄支架植入术的临床疗效.方法1997年1月～2004年12月,我院行支架介入治疗肾动脉狭窄27例.对27例术前、术后及随访期内血压、肾功能以及生活质量进行评估,并与同期单纯药物治疗肾动脉狭窄27例进行比较.结果介入组27例植入支架40枚,手术成功24例(88.9%,24/27),失败3例(11.1%,3/27),手术并发症5例(18.5%,5/27).术后在血压下降(包括收缩压舒张压)肌酐下降,肾小球滤过率增加方面,介入组获益率明显优于药物组,两组比较差异均有显著性,术后随访6个月～8年6个月,中位数为1年9个月,介入组有19例能比较健康的生活和工作,药物组仅12例能维持生活和工作.结论支架介入治疗较单纯药物治疗肾动脉狭窄疗效显著.     

肾动脉超声对儿童肾动脉狭窄的诊断价值分析

目的 分析肾动脉超声对诊断儿童重度肾动脉狭窄(狭窄程度>60％)的敏感性及特异性.方法 回顾性分析2013～2020年在首都医科大学宣武医院血管外科住院期间行肾动脉造影及肾动脉超声的28例可疑肾血管性高血压患儿资料,累计检查84条肾动脉,以DSA为"金标准"将CDUS结果进行对比分析.结果 肾动脉超声诊断重度肾动脉狭窄...     

彩色多普勒超声评价支架植入术治疗移植肝血管狭窄

目的探讨彩色多普勒血流显像技术（CDFI）在移植肝血管狭窄支架植入术疗效评估中的价值。方法13例肝动脉狭窄,1例门静脉狭窄,2例肝静脉狭窄。于支架植入术前、后行CDFI检查并每隔3～4个月随访复查,取多普勒参数肝内动脉血流阻力指数和加速度、门静脉吻合口管径及其两端血流速度比值、肝静脉狭窄处管径及肝静脉和下腔静脉肝下段血流频谱进行统计学分析。结果肝动脉狭窄者支架植入术后RI升高,SAT缩短,治疗前后差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。门静脉和肝静脉狭窄者支架植入术后狭窄段管径增宽,植入的支架呈并行相间的线样强回声,门静脉吻合口两端血流速度梯度下降,肝静脉和下腔静脉肝下段血流频谱由术前的平坦波恢复为两相或三相波。结论CDFI检查是评价移植肝血管狭窄支架植入术疗效的可靠方法。     

糖尿病肾内动脉血流彩色多普勒超声的研究进展

肾脏损害是糖尿病严重并发症之一,一旦发生肾脏损害,往往会进行性发展为肾功能衰竭,因此早期诊断糖尿病肾病,对制定防治措施,延缓病情进展有十分重要的意义.彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)对肾血流的测定是评价肾内动脉血流动力学的无创检测手段,能早期评价肾功能.近年来,随着超声技术的不断发展,其在诊断糖尿病的血管病变方面得到了广泛的应用,尤其是CDFI可以在二维超声基础上直观动态地显示血管管壁血流充盈及血流动力学变化的情况,这是其他影像学检查及实验室检查所不能及的,具有较高的临床价值.CDFI是评价DN肾脏局部的血流动力学变化的有效方法,在预测肾脏损害方面有一定价值.     

超声多普勒诊断尿路梗阻时肾血流动力学改变

本文综述应用超声多普勒研究尿路梗阻时明血流动力学改变情况。尿路梗阻时,肾血流ＲＩ升高;梗阻肾与非梗阻肾之间ＲＩ差异显著。其诊断敏感性高,且特异性强。     

正常人各级肾小动脉不同血流参数的超声多普勒研究

本文通过超声检查得出正常人肾动脉的各种血流动力学参数,为肾脏疾病引起的血流改变提供对照依据。一、研究对象选择2010年2月至2011年2月在我院检查无临床症状、无高血压、无糖尿病、影像学检查双肾无异常、尿液无异常的健康志愿者200名,男115名,女85名,年龄20～65岁,对参与此次统计的志愿者,进行严格筛选,详细记录姓名、性别、体质量等。     

血管内支架成形术治疗移植肾动脉狭窄

一、资料和方法肾移植患者3例,男性2例,女性1例。3例均为供肾动脉同受者髂动脉端端吻合。移植时间0.5～9年。临床主要症状为进行性高血压,且用降压药效果不佳;肾功能受损,表现为血尿素氮,肌酐逐渐升高,尿量减少伴双下肢浮肿。3例均采用对侧股动脉穿刺Ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ技术行移植肾动脉造影证实移植肾动脉狭窄的部位和程度。然后用4～6ｍｍ球囊导管,直径选择以邻近正常血管直径为标准。在透视下将球囊导管置入狭窄动脉处,反复扩张球囊至球囊壁上切迹消失,再放置内径6ｍｍ的Ｓｔｒｅａｋｅｒ支架(Ｂｏｓｔｏｎ公司,美国),造影复查了解血管成…     

移植肾术后肾动脉闭塞的彩色多普勒超声表现

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声对移植肾术后肾动脉闭塞的的诊断价值.方法 回顾分析3例经临床证实的肾移植术后动脉闭塞的彩色多普勒超声表现.结果 1例肾动脉主干及其分支完全闭塞,2例移植肾内多支段动脉及其分支闭塞,仅见一支段动脉充盈.结论 移植肾术后肾动脉闭塞的彩色多普勒超声表现对早期诊断具有重要意义.     

Primary endoluminal stenting of transplant renal artery stenosis from cadaver and non-heart-beating donor kidneys

This study evaluated the efficacy of primary endovascular stenting in cases of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) from cadaver and non-heart-beating donor kidneys. Patients with TRAS (n = 13) from a single-centre transplant population (n = 476) were treated by primary percutaneous angioplasty and endovascular stenting. The short-term efficacy of this intervention is demonstrated in terms of serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) biochemical, anti-hypertensive medications and mean arterial blood pressure control. Stenting for TRAS was performed in male (n = 10) and female (n = 3) recipients. The median age at transplantation was 55 yr (range 10-67 yr). Stenting occurred at a median duration of 410 d post-transplantation (range 84-5799 d). Mean serum creatinine (pre, 247 micromol/L; post, 214 micromol/L; p = 0.002), GFR (pre, 82.6 mL/min; post, 100.9 mL/min; p < 0.001), arterial blood pressure (pre, 104 mmHg; post, 97 mmHg; p = 0.036) and the number of anti-hypertensive medications required (pre, 3.4; post, 3.0; p = 0.002) showed significant improvement after post-endovascular therapy. There were no serious complications encountered. Primary endovascular stenting of TRAS produces a significant improvement in biochemical parameters of renal graft function and in blood pressure stability, with the benefit of low patient morbidity and single arterial puncture. Primary endoluminal stenting of TRAS is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of TRAS.     

Spontaneous regression of initially elevated peak systolic velocity in renal transplant artery

There is limited knowledge about the incidence, clinical implication and spontaneous course of transplant renal artery stenosis detected early after renal transplantation. We performed Doppler ultrasound examination of the transplant artery(s) 2 months after transplantation in 98 consecutive patients and peak systolic velocity (PSV) was measured. All patients with an elevated PSV ≥1.8 m/s were reexamined 20 months later and clinical data were followed for 3 years. At the initial examination 2 months after transplantation 15 recipients had a PSV ≥1.8 m/s, mean value for PSV 2.5 (1.8–3.6) m/s, whereas 83 recipients had a normal PSV of 1.3 (0.7–1.7) m/s (P < 0.01). At baseline there were no statistical significant differences in clinical parameters between the high PSV versus normal PSV recipients. Twenty (15–28) months after transplantation 14 patients with initial elevated PSV were re‐examined. There was an overall mean reduction in PSV of 0.5 (?0.7 to 1.2) m/s from 2.4 (1.8–3.4) m/s to 1.9 (1.2–3.1) m/s (P = 0.02). Detection of a high PSV early after transplantation did not affect graft function or blood pressure 3 years after engraftment. We conclude that a high PSV, at 2 months after engraftment, seems to be more of an ‘incidental finding’ that should be re‐challenged and carefully interpreted.     

Value of Doppler ultrasound for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis in children

To evaluate the reliability of Doppler ultrasonography (US) in identifying children with renal artery stenosis (RAS) among those with hypertension, we compared Doppler US results in 22 hypertensive children (mean age 8.9±4.3 years), with (13 cases) and without RAS at angiography, and in 33 normotensive children (mean age 8.8±4.7 years). We observed 2 false-negatives and 2 false-positives with Doppler US. Of the 2 false-negative diagnoses, 1 had RAS on an accessory renal artery located behind a normal upper polar artery and the other was observed in a patient with bilateral multiple stenosis of the very distal segments of renal arteries. The 2 false-positive diagnoses were due to sinuous left renal artery and to technical reasons, respectively. In another patient, Doppler US showed a tight RAS, while arteriography was normal. RAS was subsequently confirmed by a second arteriography. Peak systolic velocity values of Doppler US were significantly higher in patients with proven angiographic RAS (3.44±0.66 m/s) than in hypertensive patients with normal renal arteries at angiography (0.99±0.35 m/s, P <0.0001) and normotensive healthy children (1.04±0.23 m/s, P <0.0001). With the use of multiple views, and the experience acquired with practice, false-negatives or false-positives due to the geometry of the renal artery can be avoided. Nevertheless, very distal stenosis can be missed by Doppler US. Received October 30, 1995; received in revised form April 16, 1996; accepted May 14, 1996     

Correlation between renal blood flow and intrarenal Doppler measurements in canine autotransplanted kidney

For proper interpretation of the changes in intrarenal Doppler ultrasound measurements, we evaluated the direct correlation between total renal blood flow and intrarenal Doppler parameters. Under progressive constriction of the renal artery in canine autotransplanted kidneys, we simultaneously measured blood flow at the main renal artery and Doppler parameters at the segmental artery. The changes in total renal blood flow were well correlated to changes in peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity and resistive index (RI) of the segmental artery (r = 0.964, 0.960 and 0.486, respectively). The acute reduction of total renal blood flow produces a linear decrease in Doppler parameters at intrarenal arteries. These results should be helpful for better understanding the changes in renal hemodynamics in various pathologic conditions as well as those induced by various vasoactive agents including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Prevalence of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in patients starting dialysis.

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) can lead to end-stage renal failure (ESRF). We determined the prevalence of ARAS in patients 45 years of age or older starting renal replacement therapy. METHODS: Forty-nine of 80 consecutive patients (37 males, 12 females) starting renal replacement therapy in our centre gave informed consent and underwent spiral computed tomographic angiography of their renal arteries. A renal artery diameter reduction of 50% or more assessed by two radiologists was considered as a significant stenosis. RESULTS: Twenty of 49 patients (41%) had an ARAS, and in eight cases (16%) this was bilateral or unilateral with a single kidney. Women were more likely to have an ARAS than men; 75 (9/12) vs 30% (11/37, P<0.01). However, relatively more women declined participation. Non-participants and participants did not differ in respect to other relevant clinical data. Nonetheless, findings in these patients would be negative, the prevalence of ARAS would still be 31% in women and 22% in men (NS). In 13 patients with ARAS the registered diagnosis of ESRF either was hypertension, renovascular disease or unknown. Assuming that in these patients atherosclerotic renovascular disease was the cause of renal failure, a total of 13 patients (13/49, 27%) entered the dialysis programme because of this problem. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ARAS is an important cause of ESRF.     

Transplant renal artery stenosis: experience and comparative results between surgery and angioplasty

One hundred thirty-eight patients with transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) were identified among 1200 patients undergoing renal transplantation in our university hospital. Severe systemic hypertension was the main symptom leading to a diagnosis of TRAS. Only 88 TRAS patients were given interventional treatment consisting of percutaneous angioplasty (PTA; n=49) or surgical repair (SR; n=39). The immediate success rate was 92.1% for SR and 69% for PTA. The long-term success rate was 81.5% for SR and 40.8% for PTA, with a follow-up period of 56.7±22.4 months (SR group) and 32±28.1 months (PTA group). PTA morbidity reached 28%, compared to 7.6% in the SR group. In spite of these results, we still favor PTA as a first line interventional treatment when TRAS is recent, linear, and distal and primary SR in cases of kinking and proximal TRAS.     

肝移植术后非肝动脉并发症的肝动脉彩色多普勒超声表现

目的研究肝移植术后非肝动脉并发症的肝动脉彩色多普勒血流显像（color Doppler flow imaging,CDFI）表现,并与肝动脉并发症的CDFI表现作比较。方法采用CDFI检测肝移植术后患者,将肝动脉血流动力学指标异常（肝动脉血流阻力指数〈0．50,收缩期加速时间≥0．08s）的98例患者分为非肝动脉并发症组（36例）和肝动脉并发症组（62例）。比较两组患者肝动脉的血流参数,包括阻力指数、收缩期加速时间、血流参数异常出现的时间及其治疗后的变化趋势等。结果非肝动脉并发症组患者肝动脉血流参数异常出现时间为7～284（中位数56）d,而肝动脉并发症组患者为1～588（中位数66）d,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。与肝动脉并发症组患者比较,非肝动脉并发症组患者的肝动脉阻力指数较高,而收缩期加速时间较短（均为P〈0．01）。非肝动脉并发症组患者经抗炎、护肝、利胆、营养等保守对症处理,血流参数在（41±12）d内恢复至正常范围。肝动脉并发症组中有28例行肝动脉狭窄支架置入术,3例行肝动脉旁路移植术,4例行再次肝移植术,1例手术解除肝门部血肿压迫,术后患者肝动脉血流参数均恢复至正常,另有26例患者未做手术,血流参数持续异常。结论肝移植术后的非肝动脉并发症患者会出现轻度、一过性的肝动脉血流参数异常,表现为阻力指数降低和（或）收缩期加速时间延长,但异常程度明显轻于肝动脉并发症患者,这种异常可能与急性排斥反应等非肝动脉并发症有关,经过保守治疗后,血流参数可以恢复正常,而肝动脉并发症患者血流参数为持续性异常,需要手术纠正。     

Measurement of point velocity in the canine coronary artery by laser Doppler velocimeter with optical fiber

A laser Doppler velocimeter with an optical fiber was developed to investigate point blood velocity in the arteries and was applied to the measurement of blood velocity in the canine coronary artery Fundamental experiments revealed that the accuracy of this method was satisfactory, since an excellent linear relation was found between the known blood velocity and the Doppler shift frequency (r=0.998). The fiber tip (0.1 mm diam.) was inserted into the proximal portion of the left circumflex coronary artery and was traversed across the vascular lumen to measure the point velocity at each sampling point. Detailed velocity profiles were then reconstructed sequentially in three dimensional coordinates, i.e., velocity, diameter and time. In general the velocity waveform showed a diastolic dominant pattern which is characteristic of coronary arterial flow. One peak in early systole and two peaks in early and in late diastole were commonly observed in the velocity waveform near the center-line of the vessel. The volocity profiles were flat in the axial region and decined abruptly near the vessel wall. These results indicate that the laser Doppler velocimetry with an optical fiber proved to be an accurate and feasible method of evaluating the point velocity of coronary artery flow. Presented at the Post-congress Meeting on Noninvasive Flowmetry in Angiology, of the 21 st Congress of the Japanese College of Angiology, Fukuoka, Japan, October 30–November 1, 1980.