帕金森病合并髋部骨折的围手术期治疗进展

目的对于帕金森病合并髋部骨折的围手术期治疗研究进展进行综述。方法广泛查阅国内外帕金森病合并髋部骨折治疗的相关文献,从围手术期管理、手术方式的选择以及预后等方面进行总结分析。结果帕金森病患者因姿势不稳、骨质疏松等原因易发生髋部骨折。帕金森病合并髋部骨折患者围手术期的治疗需由骨科、神经内科、麻醉科、康复科等多科医师联合制定个体化康复方案。目前最佳手术治疗方式以及手术入路仍存在一定争议。帕金森病合并髋部骨折的远期预后和帕金森病病情密切相关。结论目前国内外对帕金森病合并髋部骨折的临床研究较少,其术后中远期随访数据不足。对于帕金森病合并髋部骨折的最佳治疗方案仍需进一步探讨。     

老年髋部骨折患者的围手术期护理

目的总结老年髋部骨折患者的围手术期护理措施。方法对78例老年髋部骨折患者的围手术期护理资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组78例老年髋部骨折患者均获治愈,随访3个月¹年,未出现并发症。结论对老年髋部骨折患者在术前、术后进行全程严密护理,能有效减少并发症,提高治愈率。     

老年髋部骨折合并帕金森病的围手术期处理策略

目的总结老年髋部骨折合并帕金森病行手术治疗的风险及其对策。方法对本院收治的18例老年髋部骨折合并帕金森患者行手术治疗,对围手术期风险和并发症给予积极处理。结果 1例术后2月出现假体松动,进行了髋关节翻修手术;1例术后3天出现髋关节脱位,手法复位成功;2例出现肺部感染转内科治疗;1倒出现术后精神障碍对症处理后症状消失。其余患者髋关节功能恢复良好,无围手术期并发症发生。结论老年髋部骨折合并帕全森病患者围手术期并发症发生率较高,手术治疗时应充分评估,积极应对处理。     

加速康复外科在老年髋部骨折的研究现状

目的介绍加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)在老年髋部骨折围术期治疗管理的研究进展。方法广泛查阅国内外近年相关文献,对ERAS在老年髋部骨折的应用内容和特点等进行总结分析。结果多模式镇痛、炎症控制、血液管理、早期活动、心理疏导等ERAS的研究内容在老年髋部骨折围术期(急诊、术前、术中、术后)全程治疗的应用实践,大大降低了术后并发症发生率,也减少了住院时间和费用,既保障了患者生命健康利益,又节省了医疗支出。同时ERAS在老年髋部骨折领域的研究和实施,为进一步发展和完善老年髋部骨折围术期的全程管理方案提供了依据。结论 ERAS在老年髋部骨折围术期的应用取得了显著成果,为老年髋部骨折围术期的治疗管理提供了一种优选方案。     

老年患者下肢骨折手术后的并发症和危险因素

正随着人口老龄化的进展,老年患者下肢骨折的人数日渐增多。由于外科和麻醉技术的进步以及老年患者对生存质量要求的提高,更多的下肢骨折老年患者选择手术治疗。而老年患者往往并存多种疾病,加之此类手术常常创伤大、出血多、术后疼痛严重,因此老年患者行下肢骨折手术,术后常常合并多种并发症且术后死亡率较高。这是包括麻醉科医师在内的围术期相关专业医师不可回避的问题。本文主要对老年下肢骨折术后转归及其危险因素进行综述,为     

老年髋部骨折围手术期处理

骨质疏松所致老年骨折中髋部骨折常见。国内医生非常重视老年髋部骨折手术技术,但缺乏对围手术期处理的重视。合理的围手术期处理能够保证手术安全、提高手术效果、最大程度恢复患者功能,科学的多学科协作康复计划和出院后指导亦能有效提高患者术后功能。该文就近年老年髋部骨折围手术期处理作一系统阐述。     

对髋部骨折围手术期应用老年综合评估方法的观察

目的 观察老年综合评估(CGA)方法应用于髋部骨折围手术期的效果.方法 2016年10月至2018年10月,采用前瞻性研究方法,选取北京市石景山医院骨科收治的年龄大于65岁诊断为髋部骨折并接受手术治疗的患者共165例;随机分为两组.研究组共80例接受围术期老年综合评估,与对照组共85例常规内科会诊,进行比较.结果 老年...     

老年髋部骨折合并肾功能衰竭透析患者的手术治疗

目的探讨老年髋部骨折合并肾功能衰竭透析患者的围手术期治疗方法及短期疗效。方法自2006-01—2012-01共收治11例65岁以上髋部骨折合并肾功能衰竭透析患者,3例股骨粗隆间骨折行闭合复位PFNA内固定术,8例股骨颈骨折均行骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术。总结此类患者围手术期治疗方法,并报道短期随访临床结果。结果 5例在院期间出现并发症。1例股骨颈骨折患者在术后12 d死亡,2例股骨粗隆间骨折内固定患者于术后7、9个月死于心血管意外,其余8例基本恢复术前的活动能力。术后6个月髋关节功能Harris评分：股骨粗隆间骨折平均61.7（49~74）分,股骨颈骨折平均82.6（69~92）分。术后6个月X线片显示3例股骨粗隆间骨折均愈合,至末次随访时7例股骨颈骨折患者X线片未发现股骨假体松动。结论老年髋部骨折合并肾功能衰竭透析患者的围手术期评估非常重要,合理的围手术期处理及合适的手术方式选择能明显提高此类患者围手术期的安全性及术后临床疗效。     

老年髋部骨折围手术期处理与手术治疗研究进展

老年髋部骨折多建议手术治疗。围手术期可进行神经阻滞实现镇痛,术中麻醉方式包括全身麻醉和椎管内麻醉,应根据患者自身情况选择合适的麻醉方式。通常建议老年髋部骨折应尽早手术,但应结合老年患者身体状况灵活把握手术时机。老年髋部骨折应根据骨折具体情况选择术式,股骨颈骨折通常采用切开或闭合复位内固定,全髋或半髋关节置换术;股骨转子间骨折的治疗主要为内固定,可使用动力髋螺钉或髓内钉;股骨转子下骨折可选择髓内固定、髓外固定和外固定。老年髋部骨折术后护理与手术同样重要,建议患者早期下床活动,康复过程可能持续数月。该文对老年髋部骨折围手术期处理与手术治疗的研究进展作一综述。     

老年髋部骨折合并糖尿病的手术治疗

[目的]探讨老年髋部骨折合并糖尿病患者的手术治疗。[方法]对35例老年髋部骨折合并糖尿病患者围手术期如何控制血糖，术前准备，选择麻醉和手术方式以及防治术后并发症进行回顾性分析。[结果]35例手术病人血糖控制满意且顺利度过围手术期，术后随访6—26个月，髋关节功能优良率为91％。[结论]对老年髋部骨折合并糖尿病患者，积极合适的围手术期治疗尤其是控制血糖，麻醉和手术方式最佳选择，术后功能锻炼，这些是该类病人成功治疗的保证。     

抗骨质疏松药物对骨质疏松症患者糖代谢、脂代谢的影响

骨质疏松症与心血管疾病已成为影响中老年人健康与生活质量的重要原因。研究发现糖代谢、脂代谢可以与骨代谢相互影响,而糖脂代谢异常可致心血管风险增高。目前现有研究发现抗骨质疏松药物可以影响心血管事件的发生,但关于其风险因素的研究却较少。因此,本文拟通过综述抗骨质疏松药物对患者糖代谢、脂代谢的影响,探讨抗骨质疏松药物非骨骼方面的益处和危害,使患者在控制骨折风险的同时,对心血管疾病进行管理,从而改善患者的整体状况。     

Preoperative and preooperative issuesin the orthopaedic surgical patient

Elderly patients account for most cases of hip fracture, total hip replacement, and total knee replacement surgery. Although surgery in the elderly is associated with greater risk than in younger patients, this risk is due primarily to comorbidities and not to the normal aging process. Careful preoperative evaluation is required and should focus on optimizing the status of patients' chronic medical problems and on assessing their degree of risk of a perioperative cardiac event. The algorithm published by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association is presently the best tool available for such assessment. Postoperatively, the elderly are at increased risk for multiple complications, of which delirium and adverse drug reactions are the most common. The elderly are also more likely to require posthospital rehabilitation in an institutional setting. With advance planning and careful monitoring, the great majority of elderly patients can safely undergo any surgical procedure.     

Cost-effectiveness of nutritional intervention in elderly subjects after hip fracture. A randomized controlled trial

Summary

Hip fracture patients can benefit from nutritional supplementation during their recovery. Up to now, cost-effectiveness evaluation of nutritional intervention in these patients has not been performed. Costs of nutritional intervention are relatively low as compared with medical costs. Cost-effectiveness evaluation shows that nutritional intervention is likely to be cost-effective.

Introduction

Previous research on the effect of nutritional intervention on clinical outcome in hip fracture patients yielded contradictory results. Cost-effectiveness of nutritional intervention in these patients remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate cost-effectiveness of nutritional intervention in elderly subjects after hip fracture from a societal perspective.

Methods

Open-label, multi-centre randomized controlled trial investigating cost-effectiveness of intensive nutritional intervention comprising regular dietetic counseling and oral nutritional supplementation for 3 months postoperatively. Patients allocated to the control group received care as usual. Costs, weight and quality of life were measured at baseline and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for weight at 3 months and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) at 6 months postoperatively.

Results

Of 152 patients enrolled, 73 were randomized to the intervention group and 79 to the control group. Mean costs of the nutritional intervention was 613 Euro. Total costs and subcategories of costs were not significantly different between both groups. Based on bootstrapping of ICERs, the nutritional intervention was likely to be cost-effective for weight as outcome over the 3-month intervention period, regardless of nutritional status at baseline. With QALYs as outcome, the probability for the nutritional intervention being cost-effective was relatively low, except in subjects aged below 75 years.

Conclusion

Intensive nutritional intervention in elderly hip fracture patients is likely to be cost-effective for weight but not for QALYs. Future cost-effectiveness studies should incorporate outcome measures appropriate for elderly patients, such as functional limitations and other relevant outcome parameters for elderly.     

Prognostic value of cardiac troponins in elderly patients with hip fracture—a systematic review

Cardiac troponins can be elevated in cardiac ischemic conditions or other diseases such as pulmonary embolism or renal failure, where they may predict outcome. We hypothesized that cardiac troponins offer useful prognostic information regarding morbidity and mortality in elderly hip fracture patients undergoing surgical therapy. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL plus with full text (EBSCOhost). Articles with original data relating troponins to prognosis in elderly hip fracture patients were reviewed. Studies with patients not undergoing surgery or undergoing elective or nonhip fracture surgery were excluded. Six papers met inclusion criteria. Troponin elevation was seen in 26.7–39 % of patients, while myocardial infarction, cardiac complications, and cardiac death occurred in ≤35 % troponin-positive patients in four of six studies. Several noncardiac factors were associated with elevated troponin including higher American Society of Anaesthesiologists score, current smoking, reduced mobility/activity level, lower hemoglobin, and living in residential care. Patients with elevated troponin had longer lengths of stay, increased risk for discharge to long-term care facilities, and higher mortality. Increased age, male sex, and higher American Society of Anaesthesiologists score were also associated with mortality. Elevated troponin can be used as a marker of increased morbidity/mortality in elderly hip fracture patients undergoing surgery, as hypothesized, even in the absence of cardiac complications. Perioperative troponin evaluation may be useful for risk stratification, but further studies are needed to clarify risks and benefits of such testing.     

Major life events as antecedents to hip fracture

BACKGROUND: This study sought to determine whether the number of antecedent life events reported in the year before hip fracture among elderly patients was normal for the population from which these patients derive. Major life events are events such as births, deaths, major financial dealings, and major health changes. METHODS: Life events reported in the year before a fall and hip fracture for 111 hip fracture patients were compared with those of a control sample of 90 nonfracture, community-dwelling ambulatory elderly. RESULTS: The total number of life events was higher in the hip fracture group (p = 0.0001) than in the community control group. Fracture was also associated with the number of events experienced (adjusted OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6-2.7; p < 0.0007), notwithstanding age, marital status, and education. CONCLUSION: Older persons who had sustained a fall-related traumatic hip fracture experienced an increased number of major life events compared with a nonfracture population sample of community-dwelling elderly controls.     

Cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery treated with remote ischaemic preconditioning: 1-year follow-up of a randomised clinical trial

Remote ischaemic preconditioning reduces the risk of myocardial injury within 4 days of hip fracture surgery. We aimed to investigate the effect of remote ischaemic preconditioning on the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events 1 year after hip fracture surgery. We performed a phase-2, multicentre, randomised, observer-blinded, clinical trial between February 2015 and September 2017. We studied patients aged ≥ 45 years with a hip fracture and a minimum of one cardiovascular risk factor. Patients were allocated randomly to remote ischaemic preconditioning applied just before surgery or no treatment (control group). Remote ischaemic preconditioning was performed on the upper arm with a tourniquet in four cycles of 5 min ischaemia and 5 min reperfusion. Primary outcome was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events within 1 year of surgery. A total of 316 patients were allocated randomly to the remote ischaemic preconditioning group and 309 patients to the control group. Major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 43 patients (13.6%) in the remote ischaemic preconditioning group compared with 51 patients (16.5%) in the control group (adjusted hazard ratio (95%CI) 0.83 (0.55–1.25); p = 0.37). Fewer patients in the remote ischaemic preconditioning group had a myocardial infarction (11 (3.5%) vs. 22 (7.1%); hazard ratio (95%CI) 0.48 (CI 0.23–1.00); p = 0.04). Remote ischaemic preconditioning did not reduce the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events within 1 year of hip fracture surgery. The effect of remote ischaemic preconditioning on clinical cardiovascular outcomes in non-cardiac surgery needs confirmation in appropriately powered randomised clinical trials.     

Hemi-arthroplasty performed in a 109-year-old patient with intertrochantericfracture: A case report

The mortality of conservative treatment and the risk resulting from operation for elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures are high. Safety in the perioperative period and quicker recovery should be placed at the top priority for elderly patients with hip fractures. We reported a case of 109-year-old female patient with intertrochanteric fracture who has undergone the hemiarthroplasty in our center recently. With sciatic nerve and lateral cutaneous nerve block anesthesia, she was offered the artificial femoral head replacement in the lumbar plexus block after sufficient preoperative preparation. The surgery went well with minimally invasive cut, and the patient''s recovery was satisfactory.     

血清白蛋白、血红蛋白水平和淋巴细胞计数对老年髋部骨折手术患者预后的影响

目的：探讨血清白蛋白、血红蛋白水平和淋巴细胞计数对老年髋部骨折手术患者预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2010年4月至2013年4月佛山市中医院三水医院收治的86例采用手术治疗的老年单侧髋部骨折患者的临床资料,根据随访1年时患者生存状态分为生存组（79例）和死亡组（7例）,对比两组患者入院时血清白蛋白、血红蛋白水平和淋巴细胞计数,分析正常和异常水平患者死亡率的差异。结果生存组患者血清白蛋白、血红蛋白水平均高于死亡组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组淋巴细胞计数比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。血清白蛋白、血红蛋白水平正常患者死亡率均低于水平降低患者（P＜0.05）;淋巴细胞计数正常与降低患者死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清白蛋白、血红蛋白降低是老年髋部骨折手术患者死亡的主要危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论血清白蛋白、血红蛋白水平对老年髋部骨折手术患者预后影响显著,可作为患者预后判断的重要指标。     

Primary total hip arthroplasty versus internal fixation in displaced fracture of femoral neck in sexa- and septuagenarians

Background

The optimal treatment of femoral neck fracture in the elderly patient is still under debate. In patients aged 60–80 years, the decision between internal fixation and arthroplasty remains controversial. The primary aim of the present study is to evaluate the functional outcome of patients aged 60–80 years with femoral neck fracture treated with total hip arthroplasty or closed reduction and internal fixation. The secondary aim is to evaluate the incidence of nonunion and avascular necrosis in femoral neck fracture in different age groups.

Materials and Methods

We studied 100 patients affected by displaced fracture of the femoral neck from May 2007 through June 2010. There were 60 men and 40 women with mean age of 66 years. Fifty patients were treated with closed reduction and internal fixation with cannulated screws (group A), and the other 50 patients with total hip arthroplasty (group B). Mean surgical time, blood loss, duration of hospital stay, Harris hip score, complications, and need for reoperation were recorded.

Results

Harris hip score was significantly higher in group B at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-up evaluation. The overall complication rate was 28 % in group A and 32 % in group B, which was not statistically significant. A statistically significant difference was found regarding patients who required reoperation in group A (20 %) compared with group B (no one). The average Harris hip score in the internal fixation group was 90.6 and in the total hip arthroplasty group was 93.7, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Our study showed an increased risk for intracapsular hip fracture developing nonunion with older age.

Conclusions

Primary total hip arthroplasty compared with internal fixation appears to be a reasonably safe method of treating displaced fracture of femoral neck in elderly patients. We also concluded that outcome regarding hip function is generally better after total hip arthroplasty compared with internal fixation.

Level of evidence

Level II-Prospective cohort study.