缝匠肌蒂髂骨瓣及加压螺钉在中青年股骨颈骨折中的应用

目的 总结切开复位、加压螺钉内固定及缝匠肌蒂髂骨瓣移植术治疗中青年股骨颈骨折患者的临床效果。方法2003年2月～2005年11月，采用缝匠肌蒂髂骨瓣移植，3根空心加压钛螺钉内固定术，治疗中青年股骨颈骨折患者52例。男37例，女15例；年龄19～52岁，平均46．4岁。车祸伤29例，坠落伤15例，跌伤8例。左侧23例，右侧29例。股骨颈骨折头下型27例，经颈型18例，基底型7例。骨折按Garden分型：Ⅱ型16例，Ⅲ型25例，Ⅳ型11例。伤后至手术时间4h～15d。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。39例获随访6～41个月。35例术后23～39周骨折愈合，4例股骨头坏死。疗效评定按粱雨田等标准：优19例，良14例，可2例，差4例。髋关节功能按Harris评分标准：优良33例，平均86．1分；可2例，平均65．0分；差4例，平均51．3分。结论以缝匠肌为蒂的髂骨瓣移植及3枚空心加压钛螺钉内固定，可提供股骨颈骨折后股骨头的血供，有植骨支撑，促进骨折愈合，是手术治疗中青年股骨颈骨折的有效方法之一。     

应用Hansson针治疗股骨颈骨折26例

股骨颈骨折是常见创伤骨折。过去治疗用骨牵引方法 ,卧床时间长 ,并发症多 ,护理困难 ,难以达到解剖复位 ,骨折愈合慢或不愈合。我院自 1998年 10月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月选用闭合复位 ,Ｈａｎｓｓｏｎ针内固定治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折 2 6例 ,效果理想 ,报道如下。1　资料与方法1 1　一般资料　本组 2 6例 ,男 18例 ,女 8例 ;年龄16～ 81岁 ,平均 4 4 6岁。均为新鲜闭合性骨折。按骨折部位分型 :头下型 8例 ,头颈型 5例 ,经颈型 8例 ,基底型 5例。按Ｇａｒｄｅｎ分型 :Ⅰ型 1例 ,Ⅱ型 2例 ,Ⅲ型 15例 ,Ⅳ型 8例。伤后 1周内手术 2 4例 ,2 0ｄ内手术…     

带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨及髂骨膜瓣移位治疗中青年股骨颈骨折

目的 总结带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨及髂骨膜瓣移位治疗中青年股骨颈骨折的手术方法及临床疗效.方法 2003年4月-2007年3月,收治22例中青年股骨颈骨折患者.男12例,女10例;年龄25～53岁,平均42岁.均为闭合性骨折.致伤原因:交通事故伤18例,高处坠落伤4例.受伤至手术时间5 h～43 d.新鲜骨折20例,陈旧性骨折2例.骨折部位分型:头下型10例,经颈型12例.骨折Garden分型:Ⅲ型6例,Ⅳ型16例.术前Harriis髋关节功能评分(22.80±8.75)分.采用带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨及髂骨膜瓣移位加空心加压螺钉治疗.结果 术后1例供区伤口伴液化渗出,经换药治愈:其余切口均Ⅰ期愈合.术后患者均获随访,随访时间20～60个月,平均42个月.21例股骨颈骨折愈合,愈合时间3～6个月,平均3.5个月;1例骨折不愈合并股骨头缺血性坏死,于术后6个月行人工全髋关节置换术.术后14个月Harris评分为(86.40±7.95)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨及髂骨膜瓣治疗中青年股骨颈骨折可改善骨折端血运,促进骨折愈合,减少股骨头坏死的发生.     

带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣转位治疗股骨颈陈旧性骨折骨不连接

我院自 1988年 1月～ 1999年 4月 ,采用带旋髂深血管蒂髂骨瓣转位治疗股骨颈陈旧性骨折骨不连接 2 8例 ,取得较好的治疗效果 ,报告如下 :1　临床资料　　本组 2 8例 ,男性 2 2例 ,女性 6例。年龄 14～ 5 6岁 ,平均 2 5 . 4岁 ,病程 :4～ 15个月 ,平均 7. 4个月。均为外伤性骨折 ,其中头下型骨折 16例 ,头颈型骨折 12例。ＧａｒｄｅｎⅡ型 3例 ,Ⅲ型 2 3例 ,Ⅳ型 2例。入院前治疗情况 :曾经作手术治疗 8例 ,非手术治疗 2 0例。入院后的治疗结果 :2 6例术后 3～ 6个月内骨折愈合 ,2例不愈合。2　结　果　　 2 0例经 1～ 3年随访 ,按Ｈａｒｒｉ…     

锁定板固定旋髂深血管髂骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨一种治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的方法和临床疗效。方法对25例青壮年PauwelsⅡ、Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折采用解剖型髋动力带锁钢板(anatomical dynamic hip lock plate,ADHLP)加带旋髂深血管髂骨瓣进行治疗。结果随访18～48个月,平均22个月。全部病例骨折愈合,无股骨头坏死及骨不连,无髋内翻或下肢短缩等。按Harris评分标准评分,优21例,良2例,可2例。结论利用ADHLP加带旋髂深血管髂骨瓣移植重建股骨头血供治疗青壮年PauwelsⅡ、Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折,是预防股骨头坏死及骨不连的一种有效方法。     

带血管蒂髂骨瓣移植的临床应用

目的总结带血管蒂髂骨瓣治疗股骨颈骨折及小儿股骨头缺血坏死的临床疗效. 方法本组股骨颈头下型骨折123例,采用带旋髂深血管支髂骨瓣治疗43例(股骨颈陈旧性骨折、股骨头早期坏死15例,股骨颈头下型骨折28例);带旋股外侧动脉升支血管髂骨瓣治疗80例(股骨颈骨折并股骨头早期坏死9例,股骨颈头下型骨折71例),其中小儿股骨头缺血坏死10例.切取的骨瓣最小为2 cm×2 cm×1.5 cm,最大为5 cm×1.5 cm×8 cm. 结果术后2个月出现骨痂,3～5个月后骨折基本愈合,股骨头缺血坏死一般在3个月以后恢复正常.123例股骨颈骨折119例治愈,股骨头坏死4例;小儿股骨头缺血坏死10例均获成功. 结论两种带血管的髂骨瓣血运都极其丰富.带旋股外侧动脉升支血管髂骨瓣由于解剖上的特点则更适合用于股骨颈、粗隆部及股骨中上段疾患.     

松质骨螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折26例诊治分析

我科自 1999年 1月至 2 0 0 3年 1月选用松质骨螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折患者2 6例 ,取得良好临床效果。一、临床资料1.一般资料 :本组病例 2 6例 ,其中男 18例 ,女 8例 ,年龄 2 7～ 76岁 ,平均年龄 46岁 ;右侧骨折 16例 ,左侧 10例 ,均为外伤所致的新鲜骨折 ;按骨折线部位分类 :头下型骨折 5例 ,经颈型骨折 15例行 ,基底型骨折 6例 ;均在伤后 3～ 10d手术。各种长度松质骨螺纹钉 :头下型骨折用螺纹长度为 1.9cm的螺纹钉 ,经颈或基底型骨折。用螺纹为 2 .9cm的螺纹钉 ,4根等长 2mm克氏针、直尺。3 .手术方法 :术前行牵引 3～ 10d ,硬膜外麻醉或…     

可吸收螺钉治疗青年股骨颈骨折初步报告

可吸收内固定物在骨科领域的应用已十多年 ,用于治疗青年股骨颈骨折 ,国内尚无人报道。自 1999～ 2 0 0 2年共收治该类病人 14例 ,报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 14例 ,均为男性 ,年龄 19～ 38岁 ,平均年龄 2 6 3岁。致伤原因 :全部为交通事故事伤。骨折按部位分类 :头下型 8例 ,经颈型 4例 ,基底型 2例。按Ｇａｒｄｅｎ分型 :Ⅱ型 4例 ,Ⅲ型 9例 ,Ⅳ型 1例。受伤至手术时间均不超过 7ｄ。1 2　手术方法和术后处理　患者取仰卧位 ,对ＧａｒｄｅｎⅡ型骨折行牵引下闭合复位 ,对Ⅲ、Ⅳ型骨折则行切开复位 ,作髋外侧切口 ,逐层切…     

带旋髂深血管髂骨瓣结合空心加压螺钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的 探讨采用旋髂深血管髂骨瓣结合空心加压螺钉内固定治疗青壮年移位型股骨颈骨折的临床疗效. 方法 对36例年龄在23～52岁的青壮年股骨颈骨折(GardenⅢ或Ⅳ型)患者,采用髋S-P切口或辅加髋外侧小切口进行骨折切开复位、空心加压螺钉内固定、将带旋髂深血管髂骨瓣转位植入股骨颈前部的骨槽内. 结果 术后切口全部Ⅰ期愈合.经9～74个月(平均32.5个月)随访,股骨颈骨折骨性愈合32例,不愈合4例,股骨头缺血坏死2例.髋关节功能Harris评分优良率83.3％.无1例发生股外侧皮神经损伤、腹股沟疝. 结论 旋髂深血管髂骨瓣结合空心加压螺钉内固定治疗青壮年移位型股骨颈骨折临床效果良好.     

髂骨块并血管束植入治疗头下型股骨颈骨折

我们采用带旋髂深血管髂骨块并血管束植入加内固定治疗头下型股骨颈骨折,收到非常满意的效果。现仅就1995年实施手术的12例病例作回顾性调查,分析报告如下。1　临床资料12例中男8例,女4例;年龄25～64岁。受伤原因:车祸伤7例,摔伤5例。左侧伤8例,右侧伤4例。Ｘ光片证实均为...     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.