妊娠期高血压疾病患者血清脂联素水平的变化与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的:探讨不同程度妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)患者血清脂联素(APN)水平变化及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法:以100例妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇为研究对象,其中轻度子痫前期69例,重度子痫前期31例;选取同期100例正常孕晚期孕妇为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)检测孕妇血清脂联素水平,同时检测空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)。结果:轻度、重度子痫前期患者血清脂联素水平分别为(9.29±3.30)μg/ml和(7.53±2.68)μg/ml,明显低于对照组(11.22±2.75)μg/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),轻度、重度子痫前期患者胰岛素抵抗指数明显高于对照组(P<0.01),脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗指数呈显著负相关(r=-0.750,P<0.01)。结论:脂联素水平在妊娠期高血压疾病患者中明显降低,脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗指数呈显著相关性,提示脂联素在妊娠期高血压疾病发病中可能起着一定的作用,其作用机制与增强胰岛素抵抗有关,可以作为HDCP发病及严重程度的一个预测指标。     

2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝患者脂联素与胰岛素抵抗关系的研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并非洒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)血清脂联素与胰岛素抵抗的关系.方法 选取30例T2DM合并NAFLD患者(观察1组)、30例T2DM无NAFLD患者(观察2组)和30例健康体检者(对照组),测定三组的身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压、空腹血糖、血脂、空腹胰岛素和脂联素水平,计算体重指数、腰臀比和胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).结果 观察1组BMI、WHR、血清脂联素、SBP、DBP、FBG、FINS、TG、TC、HOMA-IR明显高于对照组;观察1组BMI、WHR、血清脂联素、FINS、TG、HOMA-IR明显高于观察2组;BMI、WHR、TG、脂联素与T2DM合并NAFLD发生IR密切相关.结论 T2DM合并NAFLD患者血清脂联素水平降低,并与胰岛素抵抗密切相关,脂联素可能在T2DM合并NAFLD患者胰岛素抵抗的发生、发展中起重要的作用.     

2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素与胰岛素抵抗相关性研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清脂联素与胰岛素抵抗(IR)的关系.方法 收集初诊T2DM患者86例(T2DM组),另选门诊体检健康者50例(对照组),检测所有研究对象空腹状态下血清脂联索、血脂、尿酸、空腹血糖及胰岛素水平,采用稳态模型评估法计算IR指数(HOMA-IRI),同时计算体重指数(BMI)和腰臀比(WHR).结果 T2DM组脂联素显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),HOMA-IRI显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).脂联素与BMI、WHR、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IRI、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇、甘油三酯呈负相关,与高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇呈正相关,与总胆固醇、尿酸无相关性.WHR、BMI、脂联素和空腹血糖是影响IR最显著的因素.结论 2型糖尿病患者存在IR、低脂联索血症,低脂联索血症可能影响T2DM患者IR的程度.     

共轭亚油酸对肥胖大鼠脂联素基因表达的影响

目的研究共轭亚油酸对饮食诱导肥胖大鼠脂联素基因表达的影响。方法选用雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为对照组、高脂组、高脂+共轭亚油酸组(每100g饲料含共轭亚油酸分别为075g、150g、300g),每组动物10只,观察共轭亚油酸对肥胖大鼠胰岛素、血糖水平的影响,并应用RTPCR的方法检测脂联素、过氧化物酶体增殖物活性受体γ(PPARγ)的表达水平。结果高脂组大鼠血清胰岛素和血糖水平分别为(1111±273)μIU/ml,(509±066)mmol/L,075%、150%、300%剂量组胰岛素水平分别为(699±177)μIU/ml,(736±148)μIU/ml,(785±160)μIU/ml,血糖水平分别为(428±072)mmol/L,(418±055)mmol/L,(406±063)mmol/L,且共轭亚油酸可增加肥胖大鼠脂肪组织脂联素、PPARγmRNA的表达水平。结论共轭亚油酸可通过激活PPARγ上调脂联素基因的表达,改善肥胖大鼠的胰岛素抵抗。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的:探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血清脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法:58例P-COS患者根据体质指数分为肥胖组28例和非肥胖组30例,并选择30例正常同龄妇女为对照。比较血清脂联素(APN)、胰岛素(FINS)、瘦素(Leptin)及HOMA-IR水平。结果:PCOS组血清脂联素水平为7.24±2.36 ng/ml,明显低于对照组的14.86±3.67 ng/ml,P<0.01;多囊卵巢综合征肥胖组脂联素水平为5.8±2.8 ng/ml,明显低于非肥胖者的9.8±2.4 ng/ml,P<0.01;多囊卵巢综合征组肥胖、非肥胖者脂联素水平与体重指数(BMI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、腰臀比(WHR)呈负相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:PCOS患者血清脂联素水平降低,可能与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗相关,可以作为PCOS发生糖尿病远期并发症的预测指标。     

非糖尿病代谢综合征患者血清脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关性的研究

目的研究非糖尿病代谢综合征患者血清脂联素水平的变化,分析其与胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法选择非糖尿病代谢综合征患者92例(A组),健康对照组30例(B组),应用酶联免疫吸附法测定所有受试者血清脂联素水平,分析两组脂联素水平的变化,同时计算其胰岛素敏感指数及胰岛素抵抗指数,并分析其与脂联素的相关性。结果 (1)非糖尿病代谢综合征组血清脂联素水平明显低于健康对照组(分别为1.15±0.81mg/l,4.81±1.20 mg/l,P0.01)。(2)经直线相关分析显示,非糖尿病代谢综合征组患者血清脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗指数呈负相关(P0.01),与胰岛素敏感指数呈正相关(P0.01)。结论非糖尿病代谢综合征患者血清脂联素水平明显降低,血清脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗指数呈显著负相关,提示血清脂联素水平与代谢综合征和胰岛素抵抗的发生发展相关。     

超重和肥胖妇女血清脂联素、抵抗素与胰岛素抵抗间的关系研究

目的 研究超重和肥胖妇女血清脂联素、抵抗素水平的变化及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系并探讨其临床意义.方法 测定20例超重和肥胖妇女的血清脂联素、抵抗素、C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α及胰岛素抵抗指数并与正常体重妇女比较.对超重肥胖妇女的血清脂联素、抵抗素与体重指数、胰岛素抵抗指数等关系进行相关性分析.结果 与正常体重组比较,超重肥胖组血清脂联素水平(5.61±1.32 vs 7.06±0.89 ng/ml)显著下降(P＜0.01);抵抗素(6.65±3.17 vs 4.21±0.93 pg/ml)、胰岛素(11.82±4.79 vs 8.63±2.11μU/L)和胰岛素抵抗指数(2.89±1.20 vs 2.00±0.55)显著升高(P＜0.05).超重肥胖组血清脂联素水平与体重指数和胰岛素抵抗指数呈显著负相关(P＜0.05);血清抵抗素水平与体重指数呈显著正相关(P＜0.05),与胰岛素抵抗指数无显著相关.结论 超重和肥胖妇女的胰岛素抵抗可能与其血清脂联素降低相关,而与抵抗素相关性不显著.     

糖调节受损患者血清脂联素水平及其相关因素研究

目的探讨糖调节受损(IGR)患者血清脂联素水平变化的意义。方法测定45例IGR患者和20例正常者(对照组)的血清脂联素及血脂水平,并计算其体质指数(BMI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、体脂分布(BF),对各指标进行相关性分析。结果血清脂联素水平IGR组[(732.00±36.79)pg/ml]低于对照组[(1 533.86±676.79)pg/ml],HOMA-IR(2.67±0.24)高于对照组(2.01±0.62),差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);IGR组血清脂联素水平与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)正相关(P<0.01),而与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、腰围(WC)、BF及HOMA-IR高度负相关(P<0.05);HDL-C、LDL-C及WC是其独立影响因素。结论IGR患者血清脂联素水平明显降低,并与脂代谢紊乱和胰岛素抵抗密切相关,可能是IGR成为心血管疾病高风险因素的原因之一。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血浆内脂素水平的变化及意义

目的:探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血浆内脂素水平的变化及意义。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法测定50例PCOS患者和45例健康体检者血浆内脂素水平,采用化学发光法测定空腹胰岛素(FINS)和血清性激素水平,采用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定空腹血糖(FPG)水平,并分析血浆内脂素水平与体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和血清性激素的关系。结果:①PCOS组血浆内脂素水平为(21.18±4.31)ng/ml,对照组为(12.47±3.38)ng/ml,两组相比有统计学差异(P<0.01);肥胖PCOS组血浆内脂素水平为(22.10±5.20)ng/ml,非肥胖P-COS组为(20.39±3.27)ng/ml,分别高于肥胖对照组(14.68±3.02)ng/ml及非肥胖对照组(10.71±2.53)ng/mL(P<0.01)。②相关性分析显示,PCOS组血浆内脂素水平与WHR(r=0.43,P<0.01)、HOMA-IR(r=0.55,P<0.01)呈正相关。结论:PCOS患者血浆内脂素水平升高;血浆内脂素水平与胰岛素抵抗、肥胖呈正相关。     

子痫前期患者胰岛素抵抗与脂联素关系的研究

目的探讨子痫前期患者血清脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法选取91例晚期妊娠妇女,其中重度子痫前期患者21例,轻度子痫前期患者20例,对照组50例。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定子痫前期组及对照组血清脂联素及胰岛素水平。结果①子痫前期组血清脂联素水平显著低于对照组(5.82±1.48m g/mL vs7.78±2.12m g/mL;t=4.99,P<0.05);②子痫前期组胰岛素抵抗指数显著高于对照组(3.08±0.89vs1.76±0.47;t=-9.05,P<0.05);③血清脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗指数成负相关(r=-0.28,P=0.04<0.05)。结论脂联素及胰岛素抵抗在子痫前期发病机制中起重要作用。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.